RESUMEN
In recent years, the research on upper urinary tract urodynamics has been developing toward digitalization, simulation and noninvasive.This article reviews the physiological mechanism, clinical application and new research progress of upper urinary tract urodynamics. Pacemaker cells are considered to be the basis of upper urinary peristalsis, but the specific mechanism remains to be further studied. The dynamic technique of upper urinary tract is widely used in clinical practice to measure the perfusion rate-pressure relationship. Whitaker test can be used as an auxiliary examination in the diagnosis of suspicious cases. Artificial intelligence, three-dimensional reconstruction and other multidisciplinary integration may be the important means for the research in the future.
RESUMEN
Lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) include different conditions that affect the urinary bladder, urethra and prostate. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of different related diseases, to characterize the population affected, and to determine risk factors in dogs. The clinical cases were diagnosed with LUTD through physical examination, and clinical laboratory and imaging studies. Male dogs had a greater predisposition to present a LUTD. Dogs from 3 months to 18 years with a median of 8 years were affected, and the most affected breeds were Poodle, Labrador, German shepherd, Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel and Chihuahua. The LUTD presented with the following frequencies: bacterial urinary tract infection 34.02%; micturition disorders 22.68%; urolithiasis 20.61%; prostatic disease 14.43%; traumatic problems 8.24%. Sixty-seven per cent of the cases were specific diseases, such as uncomplicated and complicated bacterial urinary tract infections, urinary retention of neurologic origin and silica urolithiasis.(AU)
Doenças do trato urinaÌrio inferior (DTUI) incluem vaÌrias condiçoÌes cliÌnicas que afetam a bexiga, proÌstata e uretra. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a frequeÌncia de diferentes doenças relacionadas, caracterizar a populaçaÌo afetada, e determinar os fatores de risco em caÌes. Os casos cliÌnicos com DTUI foram diagnosticados atraveÌs de exame fiÌsico, estudos laboratoriais e de imagem. Os caÌes machos apresentam uma maior predisposiçaÌo para DTUI. Foram afectados cães com idades compreendidas entre os 3 meses a 18 anos, com uma mediana de oito anos, sendo as raças mais predispostas os Poodle, Labrador, Pastor AlemaÌo, Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel e Chihuahua. A etiologia DTUI apresentou as seguintes frequeÌncias: 34,02% foram originadas em infecção do trato urinário inferior; 22,68% em distúrbios miccionais; 20,61% em urolitíase; 14,43% em doença prostática; 8,24% em problemas traumáticos. Sessenta e sete por cento dos casos de DTUI estavam associados a doenças específicas, tais como infecçoÌes bacterianas do trato urinaÌrio naÌo complicadas e complicadas, retençaÌo urinaÌria neurogeÌnica e urolitíase por siÌlica.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de la Próstata/veterinaria , Enfermedades Urológicas/veterinaria , Enfermedades Urológicas/epidemiología , Perros , Urolitiasis/veterinariaRESUMEN
Objective To explore the Diagnostic value of real-time three-dimensional ultrasound for urethral vaginal fistulas.Methods 5 patients with urethral vaginal fistulas were checked using real-time three-dimensional ul-trasound ,respectively by the abdomen and the sonographic appearance of pudendal observation of female urethral vagi -nal interval sagittal and transverse ,sagittal and transverse section by measuring the size of the fistula ,and voiding trial or colored liquid test injection from urethral to confirm .Results 5 cases of urethra,vagina ultrasonography can dis-play and urethral vaginal interval throughout the sagittal plane and different levels of cross section ,urethral vaginal in-terval by low echo-band-low echo constitute the sandwichsign in the fistula showed partial loss ,local band echo in-terruption,urethral and vaginal local fusion ,voiding trial or from the urethra into the colored liquid test further con-firmed the fistula,fistula and verify the existence of fistula after the operation the size .Conclusion Real time three-dimensional echocardiography by urethral vaginal interval in the axial and sagittal plane ultrasound at different levels , combining with the history and voiding trial or injected with colored liquid test from the urethra ,can provide a new i-dea for diagnosis of urethral vaginal fistula .
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Upper urinary tract diseases are major factors increasing morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injuries. A video urodynamic study is one of the best methods for detecting neuro-urologic functional impairment in such patients. Therefore, the risk factors of upper urinary tract diseases were evaluated in patients with a spinal cord injury undergoing video urodynamics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were 161 spinal cord injured patients with voiding difficulty. The patients were divided into 2 groups, on the basis of the presence of upper urinary tract diseases, and compared according to various objective factors. In addition, the neurogenic bladder dysfunction was classified according to the anatomical level of the spinal cord injury. RESULTS: Of the 161 patients, 13 developed upper urinary tract diseases. When those patients with and without upper urinary tract diseases (complicated and normal groups, respectively) were compared, the rates of patients with chronic urethral or suprapubic catheterization, upper motor neuron injury, quadriplegia, complete injury and low compliance were higher in the complicated than the normal group. There was also an increasing rate of the prevalence of detrusor areflexia in lower motor neuron lesions. The patients with detrusor hyperreflexia, accompanied by detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, mostly had a cervical cord injury. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic urethral or suprapubic catheterization, upper motor neuron injury, complete injury with quadriplegia, and low compliance are thought to be risk factors for inducing upper tract diseases in spinal cord injury patients. Thus, patients exposed to these factors should be monitored through video urodynamics and radiologic evaluation for the prevention and early detection of upper urinary tract diseases.