Prevalencia de Complicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas en el postrasplante renal inmediato y su impacto a corto plazo en la función renal / Prevalence of clinical and surgical complications in immediate post-renal transplantation and their short-term impact on renal function

INTRODUCCIÓN. La enfermedad renal crónica es definida como la pérdida progresiva, permanente e irreversible de la función renal, uno de los tratamientos es el trasplante renal el mismo que aumenta la calidad de vida de los pacientes que presentan esta patología, sin embargo, a pesar de ser uno de las mejores terapias no está exento de complicaciones especialmente las que se presentan posterior al acto quirúrgico ya que afectan al buen funcionamiento del injerto y afecta la supervivencia del mismo. OBJETIVO. Determinar la prevalencia de complicaciones clínicas y quirúrgicas en el postrasplante renal inmediato con el fin de identificar las principales complicaciones que ocasionan mayor deterioro en la función renal a corto plazo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio Observacional descriptivo transversal, de pacientes trasplantados que se encuentran en seguimiento desde enero del 2015 hasta diciembre del 2018 en el servicio de Trasplante renal del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. La muestra será los 211 pacientes trasplantados de donante cadavérico. Los análisis se realizaron con el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS versión 25, para lo cual se empleó estadísticas descriptivas, utilizando tablas y representando los valores absolutos y relativos de las variables cualitativas, así como medidas de tendencia central y de variabilidad para las variables cuantitativas. RESULTADOS. Se estudiaron 193 pacientes trasplantados de los cuales el 49.66% tuvieron complicaciones, de los mismos el 33.16% fueron complicaciones clínicas y 16,5% complicaciones quirúrgicas; de las clínicas la infección de tracto urinario fueron las más prevalentes con 15%, seguida por el rechazo agudo 6,7%, las infecciones por virus poliomavirus BK fueron un porcentaje de 6,2%, la necrosis tubular aguda el 3,16% terminando con el rechazo hiperagudo en el 1,5% y la toxicidad por calcineurínicos 1,04%. Mientras tanto las complicaciones quirúrgicas las urológicas son las más prevalentes 8,8% seguida por las colecciones liquidas con el 6,74% finalmente la trombosis vascular con el 1,04%. CONCLUSIONES. Las complicaciones más prevalentes son las clínicas vs las quirúrgicas, afectando de igual forma la función renal al año sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa.

INTRODUCTION. Chronic kidney disease is defined as the progressive, permanent and irreversible loss of renal function, one of the treatments is renal transplantation, which increases the quality of life of patients with this pathology, however, despite being one of the best therapies, it is not free of complications, especially those that occur after surgery, since they affect the proper functioning of the graft and affect its survival. OBJECTIVE. To determine the prevalence of clinical and surgical complications in immediate post-renal transplantation in order to identify the main complications that cause greater deterioration in short-term renal function. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Cross-sectional descriptive observational study, of transplanted patients under follow-up from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Renal Transplant service of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín. The sample will be the 211 cadaveric donor transplanted patients. The analyses were performed with the IBM SPSS version 25 statistical package, for which descriptive statistics were used, using tables and representing the absolute and relative values of qualitative variables, as well as measures of central tendency and variability for quantitative variables. RESULTS. We studied 193 transplanted patients of whom 49.66% had complications, of which 33. Of the clinical complications, urinary tract infection was the most prevalent with 15%, followed by acute rejection 6.7%, polyomavirus BK infections were 6.2%, acute tubular necrosis 3.16%, ending with hyperacute rejection in 1.5% and calcineurin toxicity 1.04%. Meanwhile, urological surgical complications are the most prevalent 8.8% followed by liquid collections with 6.74% and finally vascular thrombosis with 1.04%. CONCLUSIONS. The most prevalent complications are clinical vs. surgical, affecting renal function at one year with no statistically significant difference.

Ureteral Peritonitis after an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

An 84-year-old man electively underwent abdominal aortic open repair for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. During the operation, the ureter was not confirmed when manipulating the iliac arteries. Subsequently, intestinal paralysis occurred on the fifth day after surgery and a drainage tube of the intestinal tract was inserted. Liquid retention around the left iliopsoas muscle, and left renal nephropathy were recognized on performing enhanced computed tomography (CT) on postoperative day 11. An initial diagnosis of an iliopsoas abscess was considered. Simple CT imaging was performed on the 13th day after surgery without symptomatic improvement. This scan revealed that the contrast agent had remained in the cavity since the previous CT scan, which had been misdiagnosed as an abscess. Ureteral injury was now suspected. Retrograde ureterography revealed an urinoma caused by left ureter injury. We diagnosed paralytic ileus due to urinoma. For drainage of the urine, a percutaneous renal fistula was constructed. He was discharged from the hospital on the 56th postoperative day, and by six months after the operation, the urinary tract problem had disappeared. In conclusion, we report a case of delayed ureteral injury that occurred after abdominal aortic open repair surgery.

Urinoma: a rare complication of ureteral calculi.

Urinoma is a collection of extravasated urine either in renal subcapsular or perirenal space. It is caused by obstructive and non-obstructive pathologies. It is rare; with trauma as most common cause in adults and ureteral stones as least common. It mimics symptoms of ureteral stone. CT KUB is best modality to detect it. Here we present a case of ureteral calculi leading to urinomas formation in a 42 years old male patient present with retention of urine and pain in left flank region with nausea, vomiting and fever.

Spontaneous Perinephric Urinoma after the Removal of a Foley Catheter in a Girl with Acute Kidney Injury

Urinomas can occur after renal trauma or perforation of the collecting system during an endosurgical procedure. However, spontaneous urinomas are very rare. Here we report a case of a spontaneous perinephric urinoma following the removal of a Foley catheter in an 18-year-old girl with acute kidney injury caused by septic shock. The patient had been treated for septic shock, acute kidney injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and had a Foley catheter in place for seven days. After Foley catheter removal, the patient complained of consistent voiding difficulty. An abdominal computed tomography scan showed a large amount of left perinephric fluid, and the aspirated fluid included urothelial cells, confirming the diagnosis of a urinoma. The urinoma was successfully treated by insertion of a double-J stent into the left ureter. This report discusses the available literature on urinomas, and their clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Urinoma, un traumatismo olvidado / Urinoma: a forgetful trauma

Se presentó un paciente con APP de hipertensión arterial desde hace 15 años que 2 meses antes del ingreso comenzó a padecer cuadros de decaimiento, disminución del apetito, disuria y escalofríos. Se le diagnosticó sepsis urinarias a repetición, sin mejoría clínica. Al ingresar, presentaba aumento de volumen de los miembros inferiores, principalmente en horas de la tarde, pérdida de peso de, aproximadamente, 20 libras y dolor en hemiabdomen superior. Se describió la evolución clínica y los estudios realizados mediante los cuales se le diagnosticó la presencia de: urinoma infestado, sepsis urinaria, hiperplasia benigna de próstata y litiasis renal bilateral con hidronefrosis complicada con insuficiencia renal

This is the case of a patient presenting with APP of high blood pressure from 15 years ago that two months before admission suffered from weakness, lost of appetite, dysuria and shivers and also diagnosing repeated urinary sepsis without clinical improvement. At admission, patient showed an increase in volume of lower extremities mainly in the afternoon, weight loss of approximately 20 pounds and pain in the superior hemi-abdomen. We describe the clinical course and the studies conducted served to diagnose the presence of: infected urinoma, urinary sepsis, prostatic benign hyperplasia and bilateral renal lithiasis with hydronephrosis complicated by renal failure

A Case of Urine Leakage: An Unusual Complication after Renal Biopsy / 전남의대학술지

Renal biopsy is a crucial method in the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure of unknown origin, nephrotic syndrome, suspicious interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis as a possible cause of hematuria or proteinuria. Complications occur in 2% to 8% of patients after percutaneous renal biopsy. Complications include gross hematuria, perirenal hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, aneurysm, injury of other organs, and urine leakage. Urine leakage as a complication after kidney biopsy is rare. We experienced a case of urine leakage into the intra-abdominal cavity after renal biopsy.

A Case of Urinary Ascites with Urinoma Secondary to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in a Neonate

Spontaneous intraperitoneal extravasation of urine is rare. Perirenal urinoma may develop when obstruction to urinary flow creates sufficient back pressure to produce extravasation of urine. Urinary ascites most commonly indicate a disruption to the integrity of the urinary tract. We report a case of urinary ascites with urinoma resulting from an ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a neonate.

A Case of Urine Leakage: An Unusual Complication after Renal Biopsy / 전남의대학술지

Renal biopsy is a crucial method in the diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failure of unknown origin, nephrotic syndrome, suspicious interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis as a possible cause of hematuria or proteinuria. Complications occur in 2% to 8% of patients after percutaneous renal biopsy. Complications include gross hematuria, perirenal hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, aneurysm, injury of other organs, and urine leakage. Urine leakage as a complication after kidney biopsy is rare. We experienced a case of urine leakage into the intra-abdominal cavity after renal biopsy.

Extravasación urinaria postraumatismo abdominal cerrado: ¿es posible un diagnóstico precoz?: informe de dos casos / Urinary extravasation post blunt abdominal trauma: is it possible an early diagnosis?: report of two cases

La lesión de la vía urinaria superior con extravasación urinaria ocasionada por un traumatismo abdominal cerrado es infrecuente y, a menudo, no reconocida en una evaluación inicial.Un diagnóstico tardío de esta lesión aumenta significativamente la morbilidad. Se presentan dos casos, uno con avulsión de uréter superior derecho y el otro con laceración parenquimatosay de pelvis renal derecha con diagnóstico tardío y complicacionesgraves postraumatismo abdominal cerrado directo. El conocimiento del mecanismo del traumatismo y la evaluación de signos y síntomas locales son datos de importancia parasospechar una lesión pieloureteral, independientemente de la gravedad del traumatismo. La ausencia de hematuria inicial no es infrecuente y su presencia y grado no guarda relación con lagravedad de la lesión. Una tomografía computada abdominal con contraste endovenoso, evaluada en fase excretora tardía, permite la identificación precoz de una extravasación de orina.

An injury to the upper urinary tract with urinary extravasation caused by blunt abdominal trauma is uncommon and often unrecognized in an initial evaluation. A late diagnosis of this injury significantly increases morbidity. Two cases are discussed, one with avulsion of right upper ureter and the other one with parenchymal and right renal pelvis laceration with delayed diagnosis and severe complications subsequent to a direct blunt abdominal trauma. Knowledge of the mechanismof trauma and the assessment of local signs and symptoms are important data for suspecting ureteropelvic injury regardless of the trauma severity. The absence of initial hematuria is notuncommon and their presence and degree is unrelated to the severity of the injury. An abdominal computed tomography with IV contrast evaluated in delayed excretory phase allows an early detection of extravasation of urine.

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: omitting a pelvic drain

PURPOSE: Our goal was to assess outcomes of a selective drain placement strategy during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) with a running urethrovesical anastomosis (RUVA) using cystographic imaging in all patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients undergoing LRP between January 2003 and December 2004. The anastomosis was performed using a modified van Velthoven technique. A drain was placed at the discretion of the senior surgeon when a urinary leak was demonstrated with bladder irrigation, clinical suspicion for a urinary leak was high, or a complex bladder neck reconstruction was performed. Routine postoperative cystograms were obtained. RESULTS: 208 patients underwent LRP with a RUVA. Data including cystogram was available for 206 patients. The overall rate of cystographic urine leak was 5.8 percent. A drain was placed in 51 patients. Of these, 8 (15.6 percent) had a postoperative leak on cystogram. Of the 157 undrained patients, urine leak was radiographically visible in 4 (2.5 percent). The higher leak rate in the drained vs. undrained cohort was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Twenty-four patients underwent pelvic lymph node dissection (8 drained, 16 undrained). Three undrained patients developed lymphoceles, which presented clinically on average 3 weeks postoperatively. There were no urinomas or hematomas in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Routine placement of a pelvic drain after LRP with a RUVA is not necessary, unless the anastomotic integrity is suboptimal intraoperatively. Experienced clinical judgment is essential and accurate in identifying patients at risk for postoperative leakage. When suspicion is low, omitting a drain does not increase morbidity.

A Case of Ureteral Obstruction with Urinoma due to Tubo-Ovarian Abscess

Pelvic inflammatory disease can induce tubo-ovarian abscess, peritonitis, perihepatitis as sequelae. It can result in an associated hydroureteronephrosis or ureteral obstruction. We experienced a case of ureteral obstruction with urinoma in a 22-year old woman who had tubo-ovarian abscess, presented with fever, chills and left flank pain. She was treated with ureteroureterostomy and urinoma excision.

Urinary Ascites with Urinoma Secondary to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction in an Infant: A Case Report / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Spontaneous intraperitoneal extravasation of urine is rare. Urinary ascites occurs mostly in patients with the common primary obstructive lesion being posterior urethral valves. The second most common cause of urinary ascites is hydronephrosis due to congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. We report a case of urinary ascites with urinoma resulting from a ureteropelvic junction obstruction in an infant.