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Resumo O objetivo é identificar impactos culturais, sociais e de saúde causadas pela violência na parceria íntima (VPI) em mulheres homoafetivas (MOH) e biafetivas (MOB). Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura que buscou e analisou estudos indexados nas bases de dados PubMed e Lilacs, sendo considerados os idiomas: inglês, português e espanhol. O estudo buscou responder a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: "Quais impactos a VPI traz para as MOB e MOH?". Foram encontrados 42 estudos e após aplicado os critérios de exclusão, 19 compuseram a amostra final. Os dados foram analisados a partir da metodologia de análise de conteúdo, modalidade análise temática de Bardin (2009). A análise na íntegra dos artigos revelou duas categorias: 1) A violência na parceria íntima e os impactos socioculturais; e 2) A violência na parceira íntima e os impactos na saúde. A vivência de situações de violência na parceria íntima entre mulheres homo e/ou biafetivas afeta suas dimensões socioculturais e de saúde, já que elas estão sob o viés da dupla vulnerabilidade: mulher em relações homo/biafetivas. Existe também invisibilidade do fenômeno nos serviços de saúde já que os profissionais não são formados para abordar as diferentes orientações sexuais entre mulheres e menos ainda as situações de violência advindas dessas relações.
Abstract The aim is to identify cultural, social and health impacts caused by intimate partner violence (IPV) in homoaffective (MOH) and biaffective (MOB) women. This is an integrative literature review that sought and analyzed studies indexed in the PubMed and Lilacs databases, considering the following languages. The study sought to answer the following research question: "What impacts does IPV bring to MOB and MOH?". Forty two studies were found and after applying the exclusion criteria, 19 went into the final sample. Data were analyzed using the content analysis methodology, Bardin's thematic analysis modality (2009). The full analysis of the articles revealed two categories: 1) Intimate partner violence and sociocultural impacts; and 2) Intimate partner violence and health impacts. The experience of situations of violence in intimate partnerships between homo and/or biaffective women affect their sociocultural and health dimensions, since they are under the bias of double vulnerability: women in homo/biaffective relationships. There is also an invisibility of the phenomenon in health services, since professionals are not trained to address the different sexual orientations among women and even less the situations of violence resulting from these relationships.
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Resumen A pesar de que la violencia de pareja íntima (VPI) presenta en la mujer una variedad de síntomas evidenciables, varios de los actores involucrados en el sistema de salud no cuentan con mecanismos de evaluación temprana, ni de reconocimiento de los tipos de secuelas psicológicas, entre los que se incluye una diversa sintomatología psicofisiológica. Con el objetivo de conocer las características de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en mujeres víctimas de VPI, como parte de una investigación macro de corte transversal no experimental de campo, se realizó el presente estudio cuantitativo correlacional a través de las variables del Inventario de Evaluación de la Personalidad (PAI). Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a análisis estadístico con métodos descriptivos e inferenciales. La muestra consta de 50 mujeres de la población de víctimas de VPI de la sierra ecuatoriana. Los resultados obtenidos son bastante contradictorios en cuanto al bajo porcentaje de mujeres con afectación típica relacionada con este tipo de violencia, en comparación con los datos presentados por otros autores sobre los niveles de somatización, ansiedad y depresión en ellas. A pesar de esto, se obtuvieron tres factores independientes presentes en esta muestra: trastorno ansioso-depresivo, con elementos de estrés postraumático; trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, con elementos de ansiedad, y quejas somáticas. Al momento de finalizar este estudio, se puede concluir que el PAI, sin su validación previa en esta población, no muestra una idoneidad suficiente para evaluar mujeres víctimas de VPI en el Ecuador. Se recomiendan nuevas investigaciones en otras muestras, en las que se utilicen diversos esquemas empíricos que incluyan varios instrumentos y medios cualitativos.
Abstract Various studies have noticed that women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) also report having various types of health-related problems. However, health systems do not appear to have established procedures to recognize these problems (i. e., psychophysiological) in women. This study assessed somatic symptoms, anxiety, and depressive characteristics in women who have been victims of IPV. These symptoms were assessed using the scales of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The sample consisted of 50 women victims of IPV from the Ecuadorian sierra. Group participants came from two different cities: the first group included 28 women victims of IPV from Riobamba. Their ages ranged from 15 to 58. These women were receiving psychological services from a not-for-profit organization in the city. The second group included 22 women with similar characteristics between the ages of 27-63. This group of women came from the southern regions of Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. Women in this group were receiving services from two different places offering help to women experiencing IPV. Sixteen percent of women reported having a medium level of "anxiety" (some level of stress), and 14 % reported having a high level of tension and stress. Thirty-four percent of women reported medium levels of "anxiety-related disorders". These women reported having specific fears, little confidence in themselves and negative perspectives of their future. Sixteen percent of the women reported high levels of anxiety. They reported imitations in daily life (i. e., specific fears and feelings of insecurity in social situations). Thirty percent of women reported having medium levels of "depression" (sensitivity, pessimism, and feeling unhappy part of the time). Eighteen percent of women reported having high levels of "depression" (notable unhappiness and dysphoria). Forty-four percent of women in this study reported having some type of physical problem. These findings suggest that women who are victims of IPV could benefit from receiving mental health services aimed at managing their tension, stress, specific fears, and symptoms of depression. They also suggest that women victims of IPV could benefit from receiving training to increase their social competency and medical assistance to address their somatic complaints. Findings in this study are somewhat divergent from the results observed in previous investigations. Previous studies identified that most women who experienced IPV report symptoms of depression and anxiety. However, in this study, only a relatively low percentage of women reported having these symptoms. The sole utilization of the PAI as a method of evaluation may not have been sufficient to identify these symptoms. These results suggest the importance of using qualitative methods (i. e., clinical interview) or more holistic methodologies (i. e., clinical interview and tests) to better assess mental health symptoms in this group of women. It is also possible that the PAI might not be the most adequate tool to assess these symptoms in this population. The results of this investigation do reveal the importance of evaluating other mental health symptoms in women victims of IPV: post-traumatic stress, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Future studies should focus on assessing these symptoms using other assessment methodologies (e. g. instruments designed to assess post-traumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder). The efficiency of health systems evaluations and interventions depends on the methodologies used to assess problems. The sole use of one instrument such as the PAI may not provide sufficient information about symptoms experienced by women experiencing IPV. Health systems should use batteries of instruments in conjunction with the clinical interviewing processes to readily assess symptoms. However, such an alternative may not be entirely feasible taking into account that such methodology requires more time and likely financial support to acquire tests.
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Ante el riesgo real de ocurrencia de brotes de parálisis fláccida aguda en la región debidos a poliovirus derivado de la vacuna Sabin o a la importación de poliovirus salvaje, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica comisionó a un grupo ad hoc de expertos integrantes del Comité de Vacunas y Biológicos de la institución, para redactar un documento oficial de posición sobre la necesidad imperiosa de incrementar los niveles de inmunización contra la enfermedad en la región e incorporar definitivamente en forma exclusiva la vacuna de polio inactivada en todos los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. La presente publicación discute las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones generadas como resultado de esta actividad.
Given the actual risk of poliomyelitis outbreaks in the region due to poliovirus derived from the Sabin vaccine or the importation of wild poliovirus, the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases commissioned an ad hoc group of experts from the institution's Vaccines and Biologicals Committee, to draft an official position paper on the urgent need to increase immunization levels against the disease in the region and incorporate inactivated polio vaccine exclusive schedules in all national immunization programs. This publication discusses the main conclusions and recommendations generated as a result of such activity.
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Given the actual risk of poliomyelitis outbreaks in the region due to poliovirus derived from the Sabin vaccine or the importation of wild poliovirus, the Latin American Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases commissioned an ad hoc group of experts from the institution's Vaccines and Biologicals Committee, to draft an official position paper on the urgent need to increase immunization levels against the disease in the region and incorporate inactivated polio vaccine exclusive schedules in all national immunization programs. This publication discusses the main conclusions and recommendations generated as a result of such activity.
Ante el riesgo real de ocurrencia de brotes de parálisis fláccida aguda en la región debidos a poliovirus derivado de la vacuna Sabin o a la importación de poliovirus salvaje, la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Infectología Pediátrica comisionó a un grupo ad hoc de expertos integrantes del Comité de Vacunas y Biológicos de la institución, para redactar un documento oficial de posición sobre la necesidad imperiosa de incrementar los niveles de inmunización contra la enfermedad en la región e incorporar definitivamente en forma exclusiva la vacuna de polio inactivada en todos los esquemas nacionales de vacunación. La presente publicación discute las principales conclusiones y recomendaciones generadas como resultado de esta actividad.
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Velopharyngeal dysfunction in cleft palate patients following the primary palate repair may result in nasal air emission, hypernasality, articulation disorder and poor intelligibility of speech. Among conservative treatment methods, speech aid prosthesis combined with speech therapy is widely used method. However because of its long time of treatment more than a year and low predictability, some clinicians prefer a surgical intervention. Thus, the purpose of this report was to increase an attention on the effectiveness of speech aid prosthesis by introducing a case that was successfully treated. In this clinical report, speech bulb reduction program with intensive speech therapy was applied for a patient with velopharyngeal dysfunction and it was rapidly treated by 5months which was unusually short period for speech aid therapy. Furthermore, advantages of pre-operative speech aid therapy were discussed.
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Humanos , Trastornos de la Articulación , Fisura del Paladar , Métodos , Hueso Paladar , Prótesis e Implantes , Logopedia , Insuficiencia VelofaríngeaRESUMEN
Introducción: Insuficiencia velofaríngea (IVF) es una posible complicación asociada a cirugía adenoamigdalina, cuya incidencia real es difícil de establecer, según la literatura, su frecuencia estimada es de 1 en 1.500-10.000 adenoidectomías. Sin embargo, no hay registro en la literatura de IVF transitoria posoperatoria. Nuestra hipótesis del trabajo: la IVF posoperatoria, tanto transitoria como definitiva, está subdiagnosticada o subregistrada. Objetivo: Evaluar la frecuencia y estudiar los factores predisponentes de IVF transitoria y definitiva posoperatoria en una población del Área Occidente de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, 2004-2007. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, Revisión de fichas clínicas y registros de la Unidad de Fonoaudiología de pacientes <15 años, operados de patología adenoamigdalina en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital San Juan de Dios, 2004-2007. Resultados: Se registraron 18 casos de IVF transitoria posoperatoria que corresponde a 1,2% (n =1.458). La frecuencia de IVF definitiva posoperatoria fue cero. Conclusión: No se logró analizar los posibles factores predisponentes de IVF posoperatoria. El porcentaje de IVF transitoria encontrado constituye una estadística de referencia para la elaboración del consentimiento informado. Es posible que la frecuencia encontrada pueda ser menor a la real debido al inadecuado registro y control posoperatorio. Creemos que es necesario un protocolo de estudio y de seguimiento de IVF posoperatoria en todos los pacientes intervenidos de cirugía adenoamigdalina.
Introduction: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a possible complication associated with adenotonsillar surgery, whose real incidence is difficult to establish, according to the literature, the estimated frequency is 1 in 1500-10000 adenoidectomies. However, there is no record in the literature of transient postoperative VPI. Hypothesis: The postoperative VPI, both transient and permanent, is underdiagnosed and underreported. Aim: To evaluate the frequency and predisposing factors study transient and permanent postoperative VPI in a population of the West Area of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, 2004-2007. Material and method: A retrospective study, clinical records and records from the Audiology Unit of patients <15 years, operated as adenotonsillar pathology in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital San Juan de Dios, from 2004 to 2007. Results: There were 18 cases of transient postoperative VPI which corresponds to 1.2% (n =1458). The frequency of permanent postoperative VPI was zero. Conclusion: It was not possible to analyze the possible predisposing factors for postoperative VPI. The percentage of transient found VPI is a statistical reference for the development of informed consent. It is possible that the frequency found to be lower than actual due to inadequate recording and postoperative control. We believe that we need a study protocol and postoperative monitoring in all VPI patients undergoing adenotonsillar surgery.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos , Insuficiencia Velofaríngea/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Adenoidectomía , Chile/epidemiología , Epidemiología DescriptivaRESUMEN
Objective To study Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract on cell cycle and apoptosis marker AnnexinV/PI of U266 in vitro..Methods U266 cells were cultured together with Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.Cell cycle and apoptosis marker AnnexinV/PI were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Results After exposure of U266 cells to Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.the cell cycle distribution was changed.There Was a decrease of cells in the G0/G1 phase with an increase of cells in the S phase and G2/M phase and apoptosis.FCM with staining of Annexix V FITC/PI showed a dependence of apoptotic cells with the dosage of Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez.Houlub extract.Conclusion Tephroseris Kirilowii Turez extract has strong cell apoptosis effect on U266 cells.
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En este caso clínico presentamos un paciente con diagnóstico de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica internado en paro respiratorio secundario a neumotórax derecho espontáneo hipertensivo. Ante hipoxemia refractaria por persistencia de neumotórax derecho, con fístula broncopleural, eventos repetidos de atelectasia izquierda con dificultades para resolver mediante ventilación convencional, fibroncoscopia y kinesioterapia, se decide aplicar ventilación pulmonar diferencial (VPD). La VPD fue aplicada con dos ventiladores no sincronizados y PEEP diferencial. El destete fue progresivo, volviendo a modos convencionales con tubo un lumen y traqueostomia. Se realizó extubación exitosa, egresando de la Terapia Intensiva al día 33 del ingreso y del hospital al día 48. En el seguimiento a 7 meses recuperó su capacidad funcional previa y se reintegró a sus tareas laborales habituales. La VPD puede ser útil en pacientes seleccionados cuando la ventilación convencional no obtiene una respuesta adecuada en el adecuado sostenimiento de la ventilación pulmonar.(AU)
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Humanos , Anciano , Respiración Artificial , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Neumotórax , Fístula BronquialRESUMEN
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Adulto , Humanos , Acústica , Presión del Aire , Trastornos de la Articulación , Fisura del PaladarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The functional velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is rare and difficult to diagnose, and the treatment results are often not favorable. Authors evaluated the efficacy of fat injection on posterior pharyngeal wall as the supportive treatment of the functional VPI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The preoperative assessment included history of patients, the perceptual analysis of voice, nasopharyngoscopic findings of velopharyngeal movements, nasometer, findings of soft palate movement during phonation, and swallowing. Fat was taken from the umbilical area and was injected in 5 patients with functional VPI. RESULTS: All 5 patients had relatively good results in voice quality after fat injection. CONCLUSIONS: Fat injection may serve as a good supportive treatment method in functional VPI.