A study of depth of acetabulum from adult human hip bones - a cross sectional study

Background: Most of the studies described anatomical parameters on X-ray. Here the measurements were carried out on adult human cadavers. This study will essentially help orthopedicians to make suitable hip joint prosthesis, also help forensic expert in disputed sex and help to understand biomechanics of hip joint. These parameters help us to understand etiopathogenesis of disease like osteo-arthritis of hip joint. Methodology: A total 60 hip joints were studied in 20 male and 10 female cadavers. Measurements taken with soft tissue in situ for depth of acetabulum. These measurements were taken using vernier caliper and a steel scale. Mean values of measurements were recorded and compared between males and females. The mean values also compared with right and left side for males and females. Results: The mean depth of acetabulum was found to be 31.78 mm in males and 29.70 mm in females. The mean values of parameter were found to be greater in males than in females.The mean values of parameters was found to be greater on right side in both males and females. Conclusions: The mean values of depth of acetabulum were found to be significantly greater in males than in females. The parameters of hip joint are immense importance to orthopaedicians, radiologists, and prosthetists. These values are useful to identify the fragment of bone for sex determination sent to forensic expert.The acetabulum was relatively deeper in this study compared to other similar study. This explains why congenital subluxation is rare in Indians. These parameters will help the orthopaedicians, prosthetist to design suitable hip prosthesis.

Corrected and Republished Applicability of Boston University approach for prediction of mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru An in vivo study

Introduction: Boston University (BU) approach is a method for early prediction of unerupted permanent mandibular teeth widths based on the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of primary mandibular canines and first molars. The present study was conducted to test the validity of BU approach by comparing it with Tanaka–Johnston (T/J) approach in the contemporary population. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of BU approach for prediction of the MDWs of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 healthy schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru aged between 7 and 11 years. The MDWs of canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and the considered BU approaches for all the children and were compared. Results: The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation between the predicted tooth size from the two predicted methods in the upper and lower arches (P < 0.001), with Pearson's correlation coefficient showing the very strong positive relationship (r = 0.7). Significant differences were seen between the mean predicted width of canines and premolars by both the approaches (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In spite of the limitations, we recommend the use of BU approach to predict arch length-tooth material discrepancy at an early age and to get at least an approximate estimation of the required space. We also advocate the necessity of further research on this approach prospectively.

Applicability of Boston University approach for prediction of mesiodistal width of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru An in vivo study

Introduction: Boston University (BU) approach is a method for early prediction of unerupted permanent mandibular teeth widths based on the mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of primary mandibular canines and first molars. The present study was conducted to test the validity of BU approach by comparing it with Tanaka–Johnston (T/J) approach in the contemporary population. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the applicability of BU approach for prediction of the MDWs of canines and premolars in the primary schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 healthy schoolchildren of rural Bengaluru aged between 7 and 11 years. The MDWs of canines and premolars were predicted using both T/J and the considered BU approaches for all the children and were compared. Results: The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant correlation between the predicted tooth size from the two predicted methods in the upper and lower arches (P < 0.001), with Pearson's correlation coefficient showing the very strong positive relationship (r = 0.7). Significant differences were seen between the mean predicted width of canines and premolars by both the approaches (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In spite of the limitations, we recommend the use of BU approach to predict arch length-tooth material discrepancy at an early age and to get at least an approximate estimation of the required space. We also advocate the necessity of further research on this approach prospectively.

Comparison of Bolton s Ratio for Evaluation of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Maxillary and Mandibular Arches in Vidarbha Population

Bolton’s ratio is an indispensable parameter used in orthodontic diagnosis to evaluate the tooth size discrepancy. However, these norms have been established for Caucasian population and population variations necessitate the evaluation of these ratios for Vidarbha population. The objectives of the present study were to determine Bolton’s ratio for Vidarbha population, compare them with original Bolton’s ratios and determine the clinical significance of these differences.METHODSThe study sample consisted of study casts of 300 subjects in the age range of 18-30 years, all belonging to Vidarbha population, having a full complement of teeth. Tooth dimensions were measured using digital vernier caliper and Bolton’s overall ratio and anterior were calculated. The data calculated was statistically analysed for range, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation. Unpaired t-test was applied to draw a difference between the results of this study and the results from Bolton’s study.RESULTSBolton’s overall and anterior ratio norms for Vidarbha population sample were found to be 88.15 and 78.50, respectively, with standard deviation of 3.27 and 3.19, respectively. The range of overall ratio noted was 80.36–98.44, and the range of anterior ratio was 67.74–89.70.CONCLUSIONSIn general, the values obtained from this study for the Vidarbha population differ from the data of Caucasian population. So, it can be inferred that the established Bolton’s values for Caucasians cannot be used for the Vidarbha population. Hence, population specific standards are necessary for clinical assessment.

Evaluation Of The Co-Relation Between The Vertical Dimension Of Occlusion And The Length Of The Right-Hand Palm- An Anthropometric Study

CONTEXT: The accurate determination of vertical jaw relation is extremely important for successfully achieving comfort, function and esthetics for an edentulous patient.AIM:The aim of this study was to find a correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and length of right hand palm.METHODS AND MATERIAL:The study was conducted on 60 dentate subjects (30 Males and 30 Females) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric measurements of vertical dimension of occlusion and length of right hand palm were recorded. Correlation between VDO and length of right hand palm was studied using Pearson's correlation test and unpaired t test used to find correlation among males and females VDO & right palm.RESULTS:Pearson's correlation test showed that VDO in both males (r=0.8001, p value=000) and females (r= 0.9556, p value=000) has strong coefficient correlation with the length of right hand palm. The study also suggested by unpaired t test that there is no statistical correlation between the males and females VDO (t= -0.3366, p value=0.7377) and length of right palm (t= -0.1046, p value=0.9170)CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that for males and female subjects VDO and length of right hand palm was highly correlated and this anthropometric measurement can be used to determine VDO in edentulous patient.

Ethnicity and Gender Determination by Means of Intercanine and Intermolar Width in Uttarakhand Population

Teeth are an excellent material in living and non-living populations for anthropological and forensic investigations as they are the hardest and chemically most stable tissues of the body. The dentition used in gender determination has been explored, as they exhibit the least turnover of natural structure and are readily accessible for examination as they are resistant to various insults. Our aim was to determine and evaluate the usefulness of Intercanine, Intermolar arch width for gender determination and for ethnicity difference of the people living in Uttrakhand and to validate its use as a forensic tool. Methods: 100 subjects were selected and impressions were made for maxillary arch with alginate. Study models were made and analysed with digital Vernier calliper. Results: The mean Inter canine width and the mean intermolar width were higher in males than females and the differnces were highly significant statistically [P < 0.008].On comparing between Punjabi and native population of Uttarakhand ,the ICD & IMD values were higher in Punjabi population [P < 0.001]. Conclusion: Therefore , we can conclude that the Intercanine and intermolar widths are useful in determining the gender/ ethnicity of the population.

Assessment of ROOT Dentin Translucency For age Estimation: The First Comparative Study of Conventional, Stereomicroscopic & Digital Methods

Introduction: Age estimation has always been a crucial concern in permissible and scandalous investigations for establishing one’s identity. Assessment of chronological age of an individual by dental hard tissues is an important specialty in the turf of forensics especially in enigmatic conditions including mass disasters and festering postmortem residues. Teeth bestowing the properties of hardness, resilience prove to be the reliable material for age estimation in the identification of the unknown. Translucency in root dentin is considered to be one of the best criteria for estimation or assessment of dental age. Objectives: The present investigation evaluates and compares the effectiveness of conventional, stereomicroscopic and digital methods for age estimation by measuring root dentin translucency & concluding the best method among them. Methods: A total of 30 permanent teeth of the age group 21- 80 years were sectionioned longitudinally of thickness 250µm & translucency in root dentin was calculated using conventional, stereomicroscopic & digital methods and was compared. Results: There was no statistically considerable difference (p=0.584) observed in translucency length obtained by the three methods. Linear regression equations derived from the three methods revealed most accurate method as digital followed by conventional and stereomicroscopic to assess age. The digital method is statistically significant with highest accuracy allowing better visualization, easy to use and less time consuming. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the benefits, the present study recommends the use of digital method to assess translucency for age estimation.

Evaluación geométrica de meniscos frescos y conservados en glicerina al 98%: Estudio en conejos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Geometric Evaluation of Fresh Menisci and Menisci Preserved in 98% Glycerin: Study in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / Avaliação geométrica de meniscos frescos e conservados em glicerina em 98%: Estudo em coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Los aloimplantes de meniscos se han utilizado como fuente de tejido a la hora de sustituirlos por roturas o daños irreparables. Para determinar posibles cambios o no por conservación se planteó como objetivo evaluar geométricamente meniscos frescos y conservados en glicerina al 98%. Se utilizaron 15 meniscos mediales, provenientes de ocho conejos de raza nueva zelanda albina, separados en tres grupos: cinco meniscos frescos (GI), cinco meniscos conservados por ocho meses en glicerina al 98% (GII) y cinco meniscos conservados por ocho meses en glicerina al 98% y rehidratados en solución salina 0,9%, por 24 horas (GIII). Todos los meniscos se midieron con pie de rey en siete puntos de su estructura geométrica. El estudio estableció que no hubo diferencias estadísticas en las medidas estudiadas de GII y GIII con relación a GI y al comparar las medidas de GIII con GII tampoco las hubo, por lo que se podría considerar innecesaria a la rehidratación por 24 horas en solución salina antibiótica.

Meniscus alloimplants have been used as a source of tissue for replacement in case of breakage or irreparable damage. To determine possible changes by conservation, the study proposed to geometrically evaluate fresh menisci and menisci preserved in 98% glycerin. 15 medial menisci from eight albino rabbits of New Zealand breed were used, divided into three groups: five fresh menisci (GI); five menisci preserved in 98% glycerin for eight months (GII), and five menisci preserved in 98% glycerin for eight months and then rehydrated in 0.9% saline solution for 24 hours (GIII). All menisci were measured with vernier caliper at seven points of their geometric structure. The study established that there were no statistical differences in the measurements of GII and GIII when compared to GI; there was no difference either in the measurements of GIII when compared to GII, thus rehydration in antibiotic saline solution for 24 hours can be considered unnecessary.

Os alo implantes de meniscos se utilizaram como fonte de tecido na hora de substituí-los por rupturas ou danos irreparáveis. Para determinar possíveis mudanças ou não por conservação se propôs como objetivo avaliar geometricamente meniscos frescos e conservados em glicerina a 98%. Utilizaram-se 15 meniscos mediais, provenientes de oito coelhos de raça Nova Zelândia albina, separados em três grupos: cinco meniscos frescos (GI), cinco meniscos conservados por oito meses em glicerina a 98% (GII) e cinco meniscos conservados por oito meses em glicerina em 98% e reidratados em solução salina 0,9%, por 24 horas (GIII). Todos os meniscos se mediram com paquímetro em sete pontos de sua estrutura geométrica. O estudo estabeleceu que não houvesse diferenças estatísticas nas medidas estudadas de GII e GIII com relação a GI e ao comparar as medidas de GIII com GII tampouco as houve, razão pela que se poderia considerar desnecessária na reidratação por 24 horas em solução salina antibiótica.