RESUMEN
Extrauterine growth restriction is a major clinical problem for very low and extremely low birth weight infants.They need the rapid accumulation of protein and energy after born;otherwise it will lead to an increase in nutritional deficiencies,malnutrition and neurological problems.The ideal nutritional strategies is to provide parenteral nutrition after birth,amino acids and lipids are initially provided at a minimum of 2.0 g/(kg · d) and 1.0 g/(kg — d),which advance to 3.5-4.0 g/(kg · d) and 3.0 g/(kg · d),keep the appropriate protein/energy ratio.The appropriate vitamin,minerals and elements should be provided.Enteral feeding should be initiated immediately about 24 h after birth,minimal feeding [10-20 mL/(kg · d)] should last 3-5 days.Human milk should gradually increase to 75-120 mL/(kg · d) and add human milk fortifier.Parenteral nutrition is stopped when human milk fed to 120 mL/(kg · d).