A cross-sectional study to assess medical student’s opinions regarding child sexual abuse in an Eastern state of India

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a heinous crime against growing children, which may victimize both genders. It is a pervasive issue that affects societies worldwide. Present study was conducted to gain insights into the opinion and understanding regarding CSA among undergraduate medical students at a premier institution in Bihar, an Eastern state of India. Objectives were to study the distribution of medical students according to opinions regarding CSA and to study the distribution of medical students according to information regarding CSA obtained from parents. Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical committee (IEC) clearance, a pre-designed structured questionnaire was administered online to undergraduate medical students of the institution who gave consent for study. Collected information was entered in Microsoft excel, and categorical variables were expressed as percentages and proportions. Results: The present study included 312 boys (62.4%) and 186 girls (37.6%). The majority (82.2%) of study participants agreed that boys are also victims of CSA, and the majority (68.3%) agreed with the statement regarding informing a caregiver following an incident. Most (64%) of the study participants had obtained information regarding CSA from parents. Conclusions: Awareness generation is an important measure to curb the growing menace of CSA. Parental education plays a vital role in creating necessary awareness.

Medical and forensic aspects of performing a remote interrogation of persons with disabilities / Aspectos médicos y forenses de la realización de un interrogatorio a distancia a personas con discapacidad / Aspectos médicos e forenses da realização de um interrogatório remoto de pessoas com deficiências

The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

Segunda victima: experiencia y medidas de apoyo percibidas por los profesionales sanitarios / Second victim experience and support from health prof fessionals

Resumen Introducción : Las segundas víctimas son aquellos profesionales que, ante un error, quedan traumatizados, cuestionándose sus habilidades profesionales y perso nales. El conocimiento de su experiencia permite a las instituciones entender las consecuencias del error en los profesionales para realizar acciones de atención a los profesionales involucrados mejorando la seguridad de atención. El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el fenómeno de segundas víctimas y conocer las medidas de apoyo percibidas. Métodos : Estudio cuantitativo observacional descrip tivo transversal. Participaron profesionales de la salud de cinco instituciones de alta complejidad a través de un muestreo por conveniencia. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue el Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) validado en Argentina, compuesta por dimen siones de impacto (psicológico, físico y de habilidades profesionales) de apoyo recibido (colegas, supervisores, institucional y medidas no relacionadas al ámbito la boral) y dos dimensiones de resultado (abandono pro fesional y ausentismo). Resultados : Participaron 1134 profesionales. El 56% manifestó haber cometido un error y completó el SVEST. La media del SVEST fue de 2.5 predominando la dimen sión de impacto psicológico (x = 3.4). Como parte de las medidas de apoyo los profesionales percibieron mayor apoyo en familiares y amigos (x = 3.1). A mayor impacto menor percepción de las medidas de apoyo (Rho: -0.8, p = 0.047). Discusión : Más de la mitad de los profesionales re fieren ser segundas víctimas con un impacto psicológico importante, los cuales, a pesar de trabajar en institu ciones que cuentan con protocolos de seguridad del paciente, reciben el apoyo principalmente de entornos no relacionados al trabajo.

Abstract Introduction : The second victims are those profes sionals who, when faced with a mistake, are traumati zed, questioning their professional and personal skills. Knowledge of their experience allows institutions to understand the consequences of error in professionals to carry out care actions for the professionals involved, improving care security. The objective of this study is to characterize the phenomenon of second victims and to know the perceived support measures. Method : Cross-sectional descriptive observational quantitative study. Health professionals from five highly complex institutions participated through convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) validated in Argentina, composed of impact dimensions (psychologi cal, physical and professional skills) of support received (colleagues, supervisors, institutional and measures not related to the workplace) and two outcome dimensions (professional abandonment and absenteeism). Results : 1134 professionals participated and 56% said they had made a mistake. The mean STEVS was 2.5, with the psychological impact dimension predominating (x = 3.4). As part of the support measures, professionals perceived greater support from family and friends (not re lated to work) (x = 3.1). The greater the impact, the lower the perception of support measures (Rho: -0.8, p = 0.047). Discussion : More than half of the professionals refer to being second victim with a significant psychological impact, who, despite working in institutions that have patient safety protocols, received support from non-work-related environments.

Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Child Sexual Abuse Reported to an Urban Public Hospital in Southern India, 2019-22

Objective: To describe the profile of child sexual abuse (CSA) reported to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of CSA reported in children aged below 18 years from January, 2019 to June, 2022. Results: Out of the 231 cases of sexual abuse reported, 115 (49.8%) were children below 18 years. Most of the victims were children from 10 to 15 years (37.4%), and there were only two male victims. In 89.6%, the perpetrator was known to the victim. Revictimization was seen in 31%. The reported perpetrators were friends (27%), neighbors (34.8%), strangers (10.4%), or fathers (7.8%). Penetrative abuse was seen in 58.3% of reports. External injuries were seen in 6.96%. Eight victims were pregnant and HIV screening was positive in one victim. Conclusion: Early identification of CSA is important to prevent revictimization. Children from all age groups can be victims of CSA. Perpetrators can hail from all walks of life of the children.

Effect of Malocclusion on Bully Victim School Students

Background: Bullying or peer victimization in schools is a specific sort of aggressive behavior and can be described as a circumstance in which a student is subjected, frequently and over time, to unpleasant acts on the part of one or more classmates. The study’s objective was to evaluate Malocclusion’s effect on bully-victim school students, specifically self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life. Material & Methods: This study was a prospective cross-sectional investigation carried out at the Baridhara Scholar’s International School & College. The study was carried out between October 2021 and October 2022 which included 310 students between the ages of 10 and 14 years. Results: Most of the students, 91(29.4%), were aged 13 years. whereas 143(46.1%) were boys and 167(53.9%) were girls. The majority of the participants, 177(57.1%), were bullied, and 133(42.9%) were not bullied. Those who had experienced bullying were significantly more likely to have a Class II Division 1 incisor relationship (P value, 0.034), an increased overjet >4 mm (P value, 0.002), and an increased overbite (P value, 0.041). A negative impact on total Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) (P value, 0.001) is caused by bullied participants reporting higher degrees of oral symptoms (P value, 0.042), functional limits (P value, 0.001), emotional impact (P value, 0.001), and social impact (P value, 0.001) from their oral condition. In comparison to non-bullied participants, those who had experienced bullying reported lower levels of social competence (P-value, 0.001), athletic competence (P-value, 0.001), physical appearance-related self-esteem (P-value, 0.001), and general self-esteem (P-value, 0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, bullying in schools is the most prevalent offense children commit. Significant associations exist between the self-esteem of bullying victims, the existence of malocclusion, and their OHRQoL. Orthodontic characteristics such as a Class II Div1, Div2, class III incisor relationship, enhanced overjet, and overbite are linked to bullying.

A qualitative study on the psychological recovery pathway and support needs of the second victim of nurses / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the psychological recovery pathway and support needs of second victims of nurses who have experienced medical adverse events through qualitative research.Methods:From June to December 2022, a purposive sampling method was used to select 20 nurses who had experienced level Ⅲ or above adverse events and voluntarily participated in this study from 3 grade A tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province and 1 grade A tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the research subjects and the data was analyze by using thematic analysis.Results:The psychological recovery path of nurses who had experienced medical adverse events included three stages, named as the plateau period, stress response period, and coping and growth period. The second victim of nurses hoped to receive support from the department′s environmental culture, organizational atmosphere, and non punitive culture, and nurses in the platform stage had a stronger need for the first two types of support; the nurses preferred emotional support from superiors, colleagues, family/friends during the stress response period, and preferred knowledge learning and training support during the coping and growth period.Conclusions:The psychological recovery of the second victim of nurses will go through a plateau period, a stress response period, and a coping and growth period. There are differences in support needs during each period, and more targeted intervention plans should be developed.

Psychological Attributes and Socio-Demographic Profile of Completed Suicidal Victims: A Single Center Study in Bangladesh

Background: Suicide is the self-inflicted human act of intentional cessation of one’s own life. Different psychological attributes like anxiety disorder, major depression, adjustment disorder, bipolar disorder, alcohol use disorder, and even schizophrenia are considered some major risk factors for suicide. It is said that previous history of suicidal attempts is associated with an increased risk for future suicide. Prior concepts regarding the psychological attributes and socio-demographic characteristics of completely suicidal victims may be helpful in preventing suicidal occurrences. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological attributes and socio-demographic characteristics of completely suicidal victims.Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barisal, Bangladesh during the period from July 2017 to June 2019. A total 87 completed suicidal cases were included as study subjects. Besides forensic investigation report related more data were collected from the concerned police departments. As per the exclusion criteria of this study, when refusal was encountered or the family of a suicide victim could not be traced, those cases were rejected. Data were analyzed regarding suicide and its relationship with various socio?demographic variables, significant family history, and mental illness.Results:In this study, among a total of 87 victims, 45% were male and 55% were female. The mean ±SD age of the victims was 23.56±11.51 years. The majority of the victims were married which was 48%. The majority of our victims (76%) had achieved a primary or above level of education and 79% lived with someone whereas only 21% lived lonely. The majority of the victims were unemployed (51%). In this study, 48%, 36%, and 16% of victims were from lower-, middle- and upper-class families respectively. The majority of the victims were with major depression which was in 59% an7% of victims were with alcohol use disorder which was also noticeable. Besides these adjustment disorder (13%), schizophrenia (10%), anxiety disorder (9%), and bipolar disorder (6%) were found in some cases. In total 7 cases were found without any psychological attribute.Conclusion:Females are dominating in number among completed suicidal victims. As per the findings of this study we can conclude that younger people are vulnerable to the suicidal incidence in Bangladesh. The frequency of suicidal incidence among married people is alarming. Government as well as socio-economic policymakers should take necessary steps to ensure proper treatment for depressive patients as well as to control alcohol addiction among the younger population.

La memoria como práctica mediática discursiva frente a la reparación simbólica y la ley de víctimas / Memory as a Discursive Media Practice Vis-A-Vis Symbolic Reparation and the Victims' Law

Resumen El artículo aborda las diferentes perspectivas de opinión que se difunden en la Web entorno a la memoria, la reparación simbólica de las víctimas y frente a la Ley 1448. Tiene por objetivo analizar los núcleos conceptuales y de significado presentes en los diferentes documentos seleccionados.

Abstract The article addresses the different perspectives of opinion, which are dissemi nated on the Web around memory, symbolic reparation of victims and vis-a-vis Law 1448. It aims to analyze the conceptual and meaning cores present in the different selected documents.

She deserved it: Analysis of variables that influence the accountability of victims of sexual violence / Ella se lo merecía: Análisis de variables que influyen en la rendición de cuentas de las víctimas de violencia sexual

Abstract This article aims to analyze the effect of the combination of the variables - victim characteristics (skin color and normativity), observer sex, Belief in a Just World, and ambivalent sexism - on sexual violence victim blaming. Three studies were conducted with university students (Study 1, N=288; Study 2, N=226; Study 3, N=307), who were asked to answer some items on victim blaming, Belief in a Just World, and Ambivalent Sexism. The ANOVA and ANCOVA analyses have shown that the combination of these variables resulted in higher black and counter-normative victim blaming. The results confirmed that victim skin color, victim normativity, and the observer sex influence victim blaming for sexual violence (study 1); that BJW predicts the attribution of the victim's accountability for sexual violence (study 2), and that only benevolent sexism, together with BJW, was responsible for predicting victim blaming for sexual violence (study 3).

Abstract La mayoría de los estudios que investigan la culpabilización de las mujeres que son víctimas de violencia sexual indican que algunas características de la víctima y del observador están estrechamente relacionadas con este fenómeno. Este artículo propone analizar el efecto de la combinación de las variables características de la víctima (color de la piel y normatividad), el sexo del observador, la Creencia en un Mundo Justo y el sexismo ambivalente, en la culpabilización de la víctima de la violencia sexual. Desarrollamos tres estudios realizados con estudiantes universitarios (Estudio 1, N = 288; Estudio 2, N = 226; Estudio 3, N = 307), que fueron instruidos para responder algunos ítems sobre culpar a la víctima, creer en un mundo justo y sexismo ambivalente. Los análisis, ANOVA y ANCOVA, mostraron que la combinación de estas variables dio como resultado una mayor culpa atribuida a la víctima negra y la contranormativa. Los resultados confirmaron que el color de la piel de la víctima, la normatividad de la víctima y el sexo del observador influencian en la responsabilización de la víctima de violencia sexual (estudio 1), que la CMJ predice la responsabilización de la víctima de violencia sexual (estudio 2) y que solamente el sexismo benevolente, junto con la CMJ, fue responsable por prever la culpabilización de la víctima de violencia sexual (estudio 3).

Programas de suporte às segundas vítimas e seus impactos: revisão integrativa / Programas de apoyo a segundas víctimas y sus impactos: revisión integradora / Second victim support programs and their impacts: integrative review

OBJETIVO: identificar e avaliar evidências científicas disponíveis na literatura sobre os programas de acolhimento e seus impactos em profissionais de saúde na condição de segunda vítima. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa baseada na estratégia PICO, realizada com 8 artigos gerados através das bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CINAHL e PsycINFO entre janeiro e junho de 2021. RESULTADOS: observando-se a existência de um suporte formal de acolhimento, as publicações abordam gestores de risco e segurança, profissionais acolhidos por programas de suporte, profissionais de assistência direta ao paciente e que poderiam ou não estar na condição de segunda vítima e seus impactos. CONCLUSÃO: apesar da presença de estudos que evidenciam a efetividade de alguns programas de suporte às segundas vítimas, ainda há uma lacuna acerca do tipo adequado de atendimento oferecido e os impactos dessas intervenções.(AU)

OBJECTIVE: Identify and evaluate scientific evidence available in the literature about programs and their impacts on health professionals in the condition of the second victim. METHOD: is an integrative review based on the PICO strategy, carried out with 8 articles generated through the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases between January and June 2021. RESULTS: observing the existence of formal reception support, the publications address risk and safety managers, professionals assisted by support programs, direct patient care professionals and who may or may not be in the condition of a second victim and their impacts. CONCLUSION: despite the presence of studies that show the effectiveness of some support programs for second victims, there is still a gap regarding the appropriate type of care offered and the impacts of these interventions.(AU)

OBJETIVO: Identificar y evaluar la evidencia científica disponible en la literatura sobre los programas y sus impactos en los profesionales de la salud en la condición de segunda víctima. MÉTODO: es una revisión integradora basada en la estrategia PICO, realizada con 8 artículos generados a través de las bases de datos PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, CINAHL y PsycINFO entre enero y junio de 2021. RESULTADOS: al observar la existencia de apoyo formal de recepción, el las publicaciones se dirigen a gestores de riesgos y seguridad, profesionales asistidos por programas de apoyo, profesionales de atención directa al paciente y que pueden o no estar en condición de segunda víctima y sus impactos. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar de la presencia de estudios que muestran la efectividad de algunos programas de apoyo a las segundas víctimas, aún existe una brecha en cuanto al tipo de atención adecuada ofrecida y los impactos de estas intervenciones.(AU)

Handling The Identification of Burn Victims in A Traffic Accident: A DVI Case Report

@#The role of the forensic pathologist in a mass disaster is to identify the victims. The procedure refers to Interpol’s Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) guidelines. DVI consists of 4 stages namely Scene Examination, Post-Mortem Examination, Ante-Mortem Examination, and Reconciliation. Post-Mortem (PM) and Ante-Mortem (AM) data collected include fingerprints, dental records, DNA as Primary Identifiers, medical records, and property as Secondary Identifiers. At the reconciliation stage, at least there must be a match between one Primary Identifier or two Secondary Identifiers. Theoretically, 4-phase DVI should be performed according to the DVI standard in every disaster case. In fact, the implementation of DVI encountered many obstacles in the field. This article discusses the various obstacles and problems faced when conducting DVI in the case of a car accident with a truck on the Madiun-Ngawi toll road at KM 631 A to the Madiun – Nganjuk toll road. The chronology of this incident began when the elf’s vehicle hit a truck and a concrete barrier and then caught fire. Three victims were found in a burned condition leaving only the skeleton, thigh and psoas muscle. This of course does not allow fingerprints to be checked. The identification process is carried out only by comparing primary and secondary data as an identification guide given the condition of the bodies that are only slightly left. Then DNA examination was not carried out in this identification process. Tests for CO levels showed that the three victims indicated CO poisoning before they died.

"But she was drunk": Sexual violence and Blaming the victim

Abstract: Various studies have been demonstrating the importance of patriarchal values in the structuring of society, especially with regard to sexual violence against women, pointing out that women themselves are still blamed for the violence that they suffer. The work presented here falls within this context and analyzes how the social representations of university students about women victims of sexual violence are structured (Study 1; N = 288) and how information about the victim's skin color can affect the judgment that is made about women victims of sexual violence (study 2; N = 99). Together, the results indicate that the woman was blamed for the violence she suffered and this becomes more evident in the situation in which the woman was Black.

Resumo: Vários estudos têm demonstrado a importância dos valores patriarcais na estruturação da sociedade, principalmente no que se refere à violência sexual contra mulheres, apontando que ela ainda é culpabilizada pela violência por ela própria sofrida. O trabalho aqui apresentado insere-se nesse contexto e analisa como são estruturadas as representações sociais de estudantes universitários sobre mulheres vítimas de violência sexual (Estudo 1; N=288) e como a informação sobre a cor da pele da vítima pode afetar o julgamento que se faz de mulheres vítimas de violência sexual (estudo 2; N=99). Em conjunto, os resultados indicam que a mulher foi culpabilizada pela violência por ela sofrida e isso fica mais evidente na situação na qual a mulher era negra.

Resumen: Varios estudios han demostrado la importancia de los valores patriarcales en la estructuración de la sociedad, especialmente en lo que respecta a la violencia sexual contra la mujer, señalando que aún se le culpa por la violencia que ha sufrido. El trabajo que aquí se presenta se enmarca en este contexto y analiza cómo se estructuran las representaciones sociales de los estudiantes universitarios sobre las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual (Estudio 1; N = 288) y cómo la información sobre el color de piel de la víctima puede afectar el juicio que se hace sobre las mujeres víctimas de violencia sexual (estudio 2; N = 99). En conjunto, los resultados indican que se culpó a la mujer por la violencia que sufrió y esto es más evidente en la situación en la que la mujer era negra.

La escritura del duelo en narrativas de mujeres víctimas del conflicto colombiano / The writing of grief in narratives of women victims of the colombian conflict

El objetivo de la investigación fue comprender los efectos de la escritura autobiográfica en la elaboración de los duelos, la transformación subjetiva y la construcción de la memoria de mujeres víctimas del conflicto armado. Este artículo se concentra en lo relativo a los procesos de duelo. Método: la investigación tuvo un enfoque cualitativo y el método utilizado fue el interaccionismo simbólico; se hizo un estudio de caso con un grupo de mujeres participantes en procesos de escritura autobiográfica; la información se recolectó con entrevistas semiestructuradas, talleres de escritura y selección de textos. Resultados: la escritura auto-biográfica cumple una función positiva en el duelo de las mujeres al contribuir a procesos como: ordenar narrativamente el caos provocado por la violencia, nombrar y trabajar las pérdidas, dotar de sentidos íntimos y sociales al dolor y reconstruir las relaciones con lo perdido, con el mundo y consigo mismas. Conclusión: la escritura es un recurso valioso para avanzar en el duelo, a la manera de un ritual de despedida, ayuda a situar lo perdido en el ámbito de la memoria y a reconstruir la vida contando con la ausencia

The objective of the research was to understand the effects of autobiographical writing on the elaboration of grief, the subjective transformation and the construction of the memory of women victims of the armed conflict. This article focuses on the grief processes. Method: the approach was qualitative, the method was symbolic interactionism; a case study was made with a group of women participating in autobiographical writing processes; information was collected through semi-structured interviews, writing workshops and text selection. Results: Autobiographical writing plays a positive role in women's grief by contributing to processes such as: narrative order of chaos caused by violence, naming and working through losses, giving intimate and social meaning to pain, and reconstruction relationships with what was lost, with the world and with themselves. It is concluded that this kind of writing is a valuable resource to advance in mourning elaboration; in the manner of a farewell ritual it helps to situate the lost in the sphere of memory and to reconstruct life counting on absence

Significados y experiencias personales de perdón y reconciliación en mujeres víctimas y mujeres excombatientes de las FARC / Meanings and personal experiences of forgiveness and reconciliation in women who are victims and ex-combatents of the FARC

Este trabajo pretende comprender la experiencia subjetiva de mujeres víctimas y excombatientes de las FARC en torno al perdón y la reconciliación. Para ello, se realizó una investigación de corte cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico-hermenéutico, basada en postulados de la psicología social crítica latinoamericana. Las técnicas para recolectar información fueron la observación participante, la entrevista en profundidad y los grupos de conversación, en donde participaron 8 víctimas y 4 excombatientes. Se realizó un análisis hermenéutico de contenido, identificando concepciones que las participantes tienen sobre perdón y reconciliación, identificando experiencias vividas. Uno de los principales hallazgos es que en el proceso para perdonar y reconciliarse, las participantes transforman su subjetividad, asumiendo reivindicar sus derechos ante el Estado y redescubriendo su humanidad después de la guerra; finalmente, las excombatientes cam-bian las armas por palabras

This work aims to understand the subjective experience of women victims and women ex-combatants of the FARC, around forgiveness and reconciliation. For this purpose, a qualitative research was conducted with a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach, based on postulates of Latin American critical social psychology. The techniques to collect information were participant observation, in-depth interview and conversation groups, in which 8 victims and 4 ex-combatants participated. a hermeneutical analysis of content was carried out, identifying conceptions that the participants have about forgiveness and reconciliation, identifying lived experiences. One of the main findings is that, in the process of forgiving and reconciling, the participants transform their subjectivity, assuming to restore their rights before the State and rediscovering their humanity after the war. Finally, ex-combatants change weapons for words

Análise do perfil e fluxo de atendimento de crianças vítimas de violência sexual em um serviço de referência / Profile and follow-up analysis of sexual abused children in a reference service

Objetivos: Levantar dados sobre o perfil do agressor e da vítima de abuso sexual na infância atendida no pronto-socorro e ambulatório de violência sexual. O estudo visa também avaliar a efetividade do fluxo de encaminhamentos que possibilitam a longitudinalidade do cuidado. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal retrospectivo, em hospital de referência no atendimento a esses pacientes na cidade estudada, no qual foram avaliados 121 prontuários de possíveis vítimas menores de 13 anos em 2018. Foram coletados dados do perfil da vítima e agressor, além de informações sobre encaminhamentos e frequência nas consultas de seguimento. Resultados: Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados, nos quais entre os resultados encontrados destacam-se a predominância do gênero masculino entre os agressores e feminino entre as vítimas. A prevalência do gênero da vítima e do agressor foram semelhantes a outros estudos. A maioria dos abusos aconteceram em residência, o agressor era conhecido. Dentre as 121 crianças atendidas no pronto socorro, 90 foram encaminhadas ao ambulatório e apenas 33 compareceram à consulta. Notou-se uma falha no encaminhamento do paciente acolhido no pronto atendimento ao ambulatório, comprometendo o seguimento longitudinal. Houve uma dificuldade na coleta dos dados devido à inexistência de um prontuário eletrônico único. Conclusão: O perfil da vítima e do agressor nesse estudo foram similares a outros estudos publicados anteriormente sobre violência sexual. Foi percebida uma falha comunicativa entre os atendimentos em que a criança abusada permeia, com uma importante descontinuação do acompanhamento após agressão.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to raise data on the profile of sexual abused children attended at the emergency room and sexual violence outpatient clinic. It also aims to evaluate the effectiveness of referrals flow that enable care longitudinality. Methods: This was a retrospective crosssectional study in a referral hospital for sexual violence victims, in which 121 medical records of potential victims under 13 years were evaluated in 2018. Data was collected on the profile of victim and offender, along with referrals and attendance at follow-up appointments. Results: A descriptive analysis of data was performed, in which results highlight male predominance among aggressors and females amidst victims. Gender prevalence of victim and offender was similar to other studies. Most abuses took place in residences and the offender was known by the victim. Of the 121 children seen at the emergency room, 90 were referred to outpatient clinic and only 33 attended consultation. A failure in patient referral at the emergency room was pointed out, which compromises ambulatory follow-up. Data collection was difficult due to the lack of a single electronic medical record. Conclusion: The victim and perpetrator profile in this study was similar to other previously published studies on sexual violence. It was also noticed failure between hospital sectors in which the abused child permeates, with an important discontinuation of follow-up after the aggression.

Caracterización del delito de lesiones a mujeres víctimas de violencia doméstica / Characterization of the crime of injuries against female victims of domestic violence

RESUMEN Introducción: la violencia contra la mujer incluye todo acto violento por razón de género, que produce o puede causar daño físico, sexual, psicológico o algún tipo de sufrimiento mediante amenazas, coerción o privaciones arbitrarias de su libertad. Objetivo: determinar los factores que incidieron en los delitos de lesiones contra la mujer como forma de violencia doméstica en la provincia de Pinar del Río. Material y métodos: se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y longitudinal con 236 lesionadas que fueron entrevistadas en el Departamento Provincial de Medicina Legal, por existir una denuncia por delito de lesiones en el marco de la familia durante el período 2017-2018. La información se obtuvo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a las víctimas y la revisión de la base de datos estadística existente en el libro de control de la actividad pericial del mencionado departamento de Pinar del Río. Resultados: la mayoría de las víctimas tenían edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 35 años, y eran de la raza blanca y del municipio Pinar del Río. La relación con el victimario fue de pareja sexual, siendo el puñetazo el modus operandi y la conducta violenta el factor de riesgo más frecuente; se destacaron los celos como móvil del hecho. Predominaron el horario nocturno y las lesiones no graves sin necesidad de tratamiento médico. Conclusiones: la violencia doméstica constituye un problema de salud y social en la provincia pinareña, por lo que instituciones sociales, de salud y autoridades deben trabajar de conjunto para su prevención y reducción (AU).

Introduction: violence against women includes any violent act on the basis of gender, which causes or may cause physical, sexual, psychological or any other kind of suffering through threats, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of their freedom. Objective: to determine the factors that affected the crimes of injury against women as a form of domestic violence in the province of Pinar del Río. Materials and methods: an observational, descriptive and longitudinal investigation was conducted with 236 injured women that were interviewed in the Provincial Department of Legal Medicine, because there was a complaint for crime of injuries within the family during the period 2017-2018. The information was obtained through the application of a survey of the victims and the review of the existing statistical database in the control book of the expert activity of the aforementioned department of Pinar del Río. Results: most of the victims were between the ages of 16 and 35, of the white race and from the municipality of Pinar del Río. The relationship with the victim was sexual partner, with the punch being the modus operandi and violent behavior the most frequent risk factor; jealousy stood out as mobile of the fact. Night hours and non-serious injuries without the need for medical treatment predominated. Conclusions: domestic violence is a health and social problem in the province of Pinar del Rio, so social and health institutions, and the authorities must work together to prevent and reduce violence (AU).

Desintegración y recomposición de la unidad familiar de las víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia / Disintegration and recomposition of the family unit of the victims of the armed conflict in Colombia / Desintegração e recomposição do núcleo familiar das vítimas do conflito armado na Colômbia

RESUMEN El objetivo principal fue describir a la luz de dos historias de vida familiares, la influencia que ha ejercido el conflicto armado colombiano en los procesos de desintegración y recomposición de la unidad familiar; buscando comprender los retos, dificultades y alternativas que atañen a las familias víctimas que han experimentado esta tensión. Se utilizó un paradigma hermenêutico, un enfoque cualitativo, un método de estudio de caso por medio de historias de vida. Para la recuperación y recopilación de los datos se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada en donde, por medio de ejes conversacionales, se dialogó sobre el pasado, el presente y el futuro de la familia. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la hermenéutica y el análisis conversacional, lo que facilitó una codificación axial y abierta. Participaron dos familias víctimas del conflicto armado, una del Chocó y otra de Santander: Los principales hallazgos indican que el conflicto generó en sus integrantes sentimientos de tristeza, temor desconfianza y pérdida de identidad como grupo, provocando el debilitamiento de las relaciones familiares, un cambio de roles y como consecuencia, el distanciamiento entre los integrantes; asimismo, las mujeres se empoderaron en su función como cabeza de familia, dando soporte emocional y económico, mostrando su resiliencia, emprendimiento y generosidad, lo que permitió la posterior recomposición de la familia.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this research was to describe, in the light of two family life stories, the influence that the Colombian armed conflict has had on the processes of disintegration and recomposition of the family unit, with the intention of understanding the challenges, alternatives and difficulties presented to victim families who have experienced this stress. An hermeneutical paradigm, a qualitative approach, and a case study method through life stories lead the methodology For the recovery and gathering of data, a semi-structured interview was used, in which, through conversational axes, the past, present and future of the family were discussed. Hermeneutics and conversational analysis were used to analyze the data, which allowed for an axial and open coding. Two families who were victims of the armed conflict participated, one from Chocó and the other from Santander The main findings of this study indicated that the conflict generated in its members feelings °f sadness, fear mistrust and loss of identity as a group, causing the weakening of family relationships, a change in roles and, as a consequence, distance between the members. Likewise, women were empowered in their role as heads of the family giving emotional and economic support, showing their resilience, entrepreneurship and generosity, which allowed the recomposition of the family to take place.

RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever à luz de duas histórias de vida familiar a influência que o conflito armado colombiano teve nos processos de desintegração e recomposição do núcleo familiar com o intuito de compreender os desafios, alternativas e dificuldades apresentado às famílias das vítimas que passaram por esse estresse. Para tanto, foi utilizado um paradigma hermenêutico, uma abordagem qualitativa, um método de estudo de caso por meio de histórias de vida. Para a recuperação e compilação dos dados, foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, na qual, por meio de eixos conversacionais, foram discutidos o passado, o presente e o futuro da família. A hermenêutica e a análise conversacional foram utilizadas para a análise dos dados, o que facilitou uma codificação axial e aberta. Participaram duas famílias vítimas do conflito armado, uma de Chocó e outra de Santander Os principais achados deste estudo indicam que o conflito gerou em seus membros sentimentos de tristeza, medo, desconfiança e perda da identidade como grupo, ocasionando o enfraquecimento das relações familiares, mudança de papéis e, por consequência, distanciamento entre os membros. Da mesma forma, as mulheres foram empoderadas no papel de chefes de família, dando suporte emocional e econômico, mostrando sua resiliência, empreendedorismo e generosidade, o que permitiu a recomposição da família.

Creencias sobre la violencia y sus efectos en la prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo / Beliefs about violence and its effects on the prevalence of dating violence

Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo es un fenómeno multifactorial que requiere de estudios que profundicen respecto a los efectos que tienen las creencias culturales en el comportamiento tanto del agresor como de la víctima. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre las creencias acerca de la violencia y la prevalencia de la violencia en el noviazgo. Para ello, se contó con una muestra de 420 estudiantes de dos universidades públicas mexicanas que respondieron el Inventario de creencias acerca de la violencia hacia la esposa, el Inventario de conflictos en las relaciones de noviazgo, y un cuestionario de información sociodemográfica. Los datos recolectados fueron examinados por medio de un análisis de correlación canónica, y los resultados mostraron que el modelo en general fue estadísticamente significativo (Wilks X = .654, F(20, 677.54) = 4.626,p < .05); que el tamaño del efecto del modelo general fue de .346, lo que indica que este explicó el 34.6 % de la varianza compartida por los dos conjuntos de variables; y que, específicamente en la primera función, el coeficiente de mayor magnitud fue el de la variable de justificación de la violencia (r2 s = 76.2; h 2 = 90.0), seguido por la del apoyo que se le puede brindar a la víctima (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).

Abstract Dating violence is a multifactorial phenomenon that requires in-depth studies regarding the effects that cultural beliefs have on the behavior of both the aggressor and the victim. With this in mind, the objective of this research was to determine the relationship between beliefs about violence and the prevalence of dating violence. To this end, a sample of 420 students from two Mexican public universities answered the Inventory of Beliefs about Wife Violence, the Inventory of Conflicts in Dating Relationships, and a sociodemographic information questionnaire. The data collected were examined through a canonical correlation analysis, and the results showed that the overall model was statistically significant (Wilks X = .654, F (20, 677.54) = 4.626, p < .05); that the effect size of the overall model was .346, indicating that it explained 34. 6 % of the variance shared by the two sets of variables; and that, specifically in the first function, the coefficient of greatest magnitude was that of the variable of justification of the violence (r2 s = 76.2; h2 = 90.0), followed by that of the support that can be given to the victim (r2 s = 57.1; h2 = 94.5).

Caracterización psicosocial y criminológica de adolescentes chilenos con prácticas abusivas sexuales / Psychosocial and criminological characterization of Chilean adolescents with sexually abusive behavior / Caracterização psicossocial e criminológica de adolescentes chilenos com comportamentos sexuais abusivos

Resumen (analítico) El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar las variables psicosociales y criminológicas asociadas a los adolescentes que desarrollan prácticas abusivas sexuales (PAS), en función de la edad de las víctimas. Mediante un diseño no experimental y transversal, con características descriptivas y correlacionales, se analizan antecedentes psicosociales y criminológicos de 232 adolescentes varones que han realizado PAS. Los resultados indican diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los adolescentes que cometen PAS contra víctimas menores, en contraste con quienes abusan de víctimas pares, tanto en las variables psicosociales (trayectoria escolar e historial de victimizaciones) como en las variables criminológicas (contexto de la práctica abusiva sexual y relación adolescente-víctima). Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en relación con la evidencia internacional y las implicaciones de la generación de conocimientos sobre la temática.

Abstract (analytical) The aim of this study is to characterize the psychosocial and criminological variables associated with adolescents who develop sexually abusive behavior, depending on the age of the victims. Psychosocial and criminological data were collected from 232 male adolescents who have demonstrated sexually abusive behavior. This data was analyzed using a non-experimental, cross-sectional design with descriptive and correlational characteristics. The results indicate statistically significant differences between adolescents who offended against a child victim versus adolescents who offended against a peer-aged victim, both in psychosocial variables (school history and history of victimization) and criminological variables (context of sexually abusive behavior and adolescent-victim relationship). The results are discussed in relation to international evidence and the implications of generating knowledge in this area.

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as variáveis psicossociais e criminológicas associadas a adolescentes que desenvolvem comportamentos sexuais abusivos, dependendo da idade das vítimas. A partir de um delineamento transversal não experimental com características descritivas e correlacionais, foi analisado o histórico psicossocial e criminológico de 232 adolescentes do sexo masculino que praticaram comportamento sexual abusivo. Os resultados indicam diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os adolescentes que cometem abuso sexual contra menores e os que cometem contra vítimas de idade semelhante, tanto em variáveis psicossociais (histórico escolar e histórico de vitimizações) quanto em variáveis criminológicas (contexto de comportamento sexual abusivo e relacionamento adolescente-vítima). Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em relação às evidências internacionais e as implicações da geração de conhecimentos na área.

Post-Flood Impact on the Quality of Life of Victims in East Coast Malaysia

@#Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life among flood victims exposed at three worst districts in Pahang, Malaysia Methods Semi-guided questionnaires were distributed randomly to a total of 602 flood victims. Quality of life (QOL) was measured using WHO Quality of LifeBREF (WHOQOL-BREF), which was assessed based on four domains, i.e. physical activity, psychological, social relationships and environment. Results Victims of the flood had a poorer quality of life in all the domains especially physical (59.0%) and psychological (53.3%) domain. The impact of the flood on QOL was higher among women, those who reside in the urban area, the elderlies and persons with high education and income. Conclusions Flood event has reduced the QOL of victims. The impact of flood has been found to be mitigated over the time and relief efforts. Interventions aimed to reduce these concerns in acute post-flood areas are essential to minimize poor QOL among the affected victims.