Effect of Multisensory Training on Visual Information Processing Ability for Children with Autism / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the effect of multisensory training on the visual processing capacity for children with autism. Methods:The multisensory training intervention was developed and implemented in perceptual abilities for four children with autism. The intervention experiment design for single subject with multiple baseline was adopted to the monitor the change of abilities for children to receive colorful food signals and adapt to the changes of living space during the multisensory training from June to September, 2017, four children finishied training. They were assessed with Perception Ability Assessment before and after training. Results:Four subjects improved in accepting colorful food signals and adapting to the changes of living space after intervention. The scores of the visual, auditory and feeling perception abilities significantly improved at the end of intervention compared to those at baseline. Conclusion:The multisensory training could improve the visual information processing ability for children with autism.

Clinical examination and evaluation of stereoacuity with multi-dimensional spacial perception model in children with strabismus and amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background There is multi-dimensional order of spatial stereopsis perception in human,however,current stereopsis examination is zero-order of position disparity.A multi-dimensional space perception model is very important for the detection of stereoacuity.Objective This study was to screen the deficit of zero-order,first-order,second-order multi-dimensional spatial stereopsis perception in amblyopia and strabismus children and to explore the association of zero-order,first-order,second-order spatial perception deficit.Methods Multidimensional spacial perception was examined in 79 children aged 4-14 years in Beijing Children' s Hospital.Nineteen normal children,19 children with ametropia amblyopia,12 children with anisometropic amblyopia,18 children with strabismus and 11 children with strabismus combined amblyopia were included this study.The random-dot and line spatial stereopsis perception in zero-order,first-order and second-order were examined with a new system of multidimensional space perception screening.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject or custodian before any ocular examination associated with this study.Results Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order random-dot channel was found in 24 children (24/79,30.4％),18 children (18/79,22.8％) and 24 children (24/79,30.4％) respectively,with an average percentage of 27.9％.Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order line channel was examined in 37 children (37/79,46.8％),37 children (37/79,46.8％),32 children (32/79,40.5％),with an average percentage of 44.7％.In the children with a deficiency of the zero-order spatial perception,the children who still remained the first-order or/and second-order spatial perception of random-dot accounted for 41.6％ and that of lines accounted for 43.2％.In children without deficiency of zero-order random-dot or lines spatial space perception,deficiency of first-order and/or second-order spatial perception was in 37.5％ children.Various order spatial perception deficiency was seen in children suffering from amblyopia or strabismus compared with normal group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exists spatial perception deficiency in children with amblyopia or strabismus.The patients with zero-order spatial perception absence partially remain a first-order or/and second-order spatial perception;while the patients with normal zero-order spatial perception might have first-order or second-order spatial perception deficiency.The multi-dimensional space perception model has a directive role for the training of visual information process and the treatment of spatial perceptual learning in children with amblyopia or strabismus.

Visual Evoked Potential in Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objectives: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is one of the childhood disorder characterized by lack of sustained attention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children with AD/HD have functional impairment occurring at multiple levels. Sensory neural processing of visual information can be one of the contributory factors. The present study was undertaken to examine the integrity and function of visual pathway by means of Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). Method: Twenty AD/HD children and twenty controls were taken for the study and Pattern reversal Visual Evoked Potential was recorded on computerized evoked potential recorder using 10-20 system of electrode placement. The statistical analysis for the comparison between controls and AD/HD children was done using unpaired Student’s t test. Results: The latencies of N75, P100 and N145 were increased but could not reach the level of significance. Conclusion: Our finding indicates that the sensory processing is not involved in children with AD/HD alone without any other disorders like Reading Disability, Learning disability etc.

Visual Information-Processing in Deficit and Nondeficit Schizophrenic Patients / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia suggest that negative syndrome can be characterized by specific impairments in visual information-processing. We examined the possibility of such cognitive impairments as a a trait marker of 'deficit' syndrome group characterized by persistent primary negative symptoms or schizophrenic patients as a whole. METHODS: The subjects were 35 schizophrenic patients in partial or full remission state and the controls were 25 volunteers screened for major mental illnesses in their 2nd degree relatives. The patients were divided into deficit & nondeficit groups based on Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome and they showed positive, depressive or extrapyramidal symptoms of minimal to mild degree. Performance on various cognitive tasks associated with visual information-processing was examined. RESULTS: Deficit and nondeficit groups showed no significant difference in age of onset, duration of illness, the severity of positive and depressive symptoms and dose of antipsychotics. Deficit group performed significantly less well than normal control group on Continuous Attention Test. Significant difference was found between the patients groups and normal control group on Vigilance Test, Signal-Detection Test, and in decision time of Reaction Unit Tests. There were no significant differences among three groups on the tasks of visual immediate memory, visual analysis, motor reaction, and fine motor control. No cognitive variable was correlated to duration of illness, the severity of positive and depressive symptoms, general psychopathology, and dose of antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that deficit syndrome might be characterized by the impairment of continuous attention to simple visual stimuli. Impaired vigilance to infrequent visual stimuli, selective auention to visual stimuli and delayed decision time in simple information-processing tasks which were not related to various clinical variables were suggested to be cognitive markers of schizophrenia.