RESUMEN
A field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru during kharif 2022 to studies on influence of lipo-chito oligosaccharides, nano and water-soluble fertilizer on growth and growth parameters of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of NP + 100 % K along with soil application of lipo-chito oligosaccharide (LCO) fortified bio-fertilizer @ 10 kg ha-1 + foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 2 % spray at flowering and pod filling stages recorded significantly higher leaf area, leaf area index at 60 DAS (1772 cm2 plant-1 and 4.91 respectively), leaf area duration (57.59 and 81.07 cm2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), no. of nodules plant at 35 DAS (31.12), total dry matter accumulation (12.74 and 20.05 g plant-1 at 60 DAS and harvest, respectively), absolute growth rate (0.24 and 0.30 g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively), crop growth rate (8.15 and 9.21 g cm-2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, respectively) and relative growth rate (0.031 and 0.040 g g day-1 at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-at harvest, respectively).
RESUMEN
Gafrarium divaricatum were exposed to xylene (4.25 and 8.50 mg l-1), benzene (4.35 and 8.70 mg l-1) and gear oil-WSF (1 and 2%) for 30 days. Chronic exposure of clams to the pollutants resulted in loss of bubbling epithelium, reduction in cytoplasm volume and density, fusion of cell membranes and nuclei forming darkly stained area at basal part of the cells. Disintegration of basement membrane due to damaged epithelial cells, disruption of inner lining of tubule, formation of necrotic spaces, separation of epithelial cells from basement membrane, increase in internal luminar area, complete necrosis of epithelial cells as well as occurrence of cell debris in between the tissue were also observed in the clams due to chronic exposure of the toxicants.