Possibility of using apple pomaces in the process of propionic-acetic fermentation

Background: In 2014, apple production in EU countries amounted to 11.8 million tonnes. A constant increase in the production of these fruits will lead to the accumulation of thousands of tonnes of apple pomace (production waste). The amount of industrial apples is the highest - their proportiononthe market is estimated at 50-60%, of which over 95% is processed into juice. The proportion of pomace in the traditional pressing method accounts for 20% offruits used. Results: Analysis of the growth dynamics of wild strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 in micro-cultures using different carbon sources showed that the highest bacterial growth occurs in an environment with fructose and the most intense biosynthesis of metabolites was found in medium containing only saccharose. It has been found that P. freudenreichii T82 used apple pomaces as a source of carbon. Propionic acid biosynthesis reached its maximum value in the 120th hour of cultivation (1.771 g/L). At this time, the content of the acetic acid produced reached the level of 7.049 g/L. Conclusions: Utilization of by-products is a significant challenge for manufacturing sites and the natural environment. The solution to this problem may involve the use of pomace as a medium component for microorganism cultivation, which is a source of industrially useful metabolites. This study examined the possibility of using apple pomace as a carbon source in the process of propionic-acetic fermentation via wild strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii T82 bacteria.

Propuestas para mejorar el manejo de sustancias peligrosas en los Laboratorios del Departamento de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad de Carabobo / Proposals for improving the handling of hazardous substances in laboratories at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Carabobo University

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad proponer el manejo adecuado de sustancias peligrosas en los laboratorios del Departamento de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Universidad de Carabobo, de acuerdo a la norma ambiental vigente. El tipo de investigación que se implementó fue documental y de campo. El tiempo de recolección de datos fue de cuatro meses y las herramientas utilizadas para la recolección de los mismos fueron la entrevista, la aplicación de encuesta y el muestreo; se trabajó con una muestra de 54 estudiantes y un técnico y un profesor para cada laboratorio. Se caracterizaron los efluentes una vez tomadas las muestras y también luego de la aplicación de los tratamientos fisicoquímicos (oxidación química para remover la DBO y la DQO) según el parámetro en estudio. Luego de la recolección de datos y el análisis de los resultados se determinó que los laboratorios no están tomando en cuenta un plan de manejo de las sustancias peligrosas que se deben manipular de acuerdo a lo establecido por la normativa legal vigente (Decreto 2635) y que algunos de los efluentes no cumple con los límites máximos permisibles para las descarga a redes cloacales según el Decreto 883. Finalmente se propone mejorar el plan de manejo de sustancias peligrosas mediante el acondicionamiento del depósito de desechos, la elaboración de hojas de seguridad y etiquetas para todos los reactivos, la señalización adecuada dentro de las instalaciones, la incineración de los desechos almacenados en el deposito destinado para ello y el reúso del formol y etanol.

The aim of this study was to propose ways to ensure the correct handling of hazardous substances in laboratories at the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Carabobo University. Both documentary and field data were collected. The survey was completed in four months and consisted of interviews, questionnaires and sampling. A total of 54 students, and one technician and one professor for each laboratory were surveyed. Samples were taken of all effluents and these were characterized before and after physiochemical treatments were implemented (chemical oxidation to remove BDO and CDO) when applicable. The laboratories surveyed did not follow pre-set procedures for the handling of hazardous substances, which should be manipulated according to the provisions of the current legislation (Decree No. 2635). In addition, the concentrations of some of the effluents were higher than the maximum permitted limits for discharge into the sewage system according to Decree No 883. The handling of hazardous substances could be greatly improved by: refurbishing the waste reservoir, drawing up safety data sheets, labelling chemical substances, the use of adequate signage within the facilities, incinerating waste materials stored in the designated warehouse and the reuse of formaldehyde and ethanol.

STUDY ON FERMENT CONDITIONS OF FEED COMPLEX ENZYMES PRODUCED BY A NEUROSPORA SP / 微生物学通报

A Neurospora sp was used to ferment organic waste materials such as sugarcane residue powder (bagasse), bran and cassava residue The feed complex enzymes including cellulase, saccharifying enzyme,neutral proteinase and other growth factors were produced The experimental results showed that suitable medium contained sugarcane residue powder 100 g ?bran 600 g, cassava residue 300 g, mixed nitrogen sucrose 20 g per kilogram solid materials and some content of phosphate, the water in medium was twice as weight as the solid materials;the suitable fermentation conditions were that the strain was cultured first for 2 days under 34℃ and then fermented for 2～3 days at 37℃, no light,keeping the watering medium and suppling enough oxygen during fermentation The cellulase (CMC+C1) was 1759mg/g/h, saccharifying enzyme to 3110 mg/g/h, neutral proteinase 297mg/g /h in ferment product On the other hand, light,enough air,lower temperature and less water content in medium were benefit to producing spores