Calidad nutricional e impacto en medio ambiente por los insumos de un comedor universitario en Uruguay / Nutritional quality and environmental impact by the inputs of a university canteen in Uruguay

El espacio de comedores son una forma de garantizar el acceso a alimentos seguros, saludables y medio ambientalmente responsables para los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los estándares del menú, a partir de la evaluación de la calidad nutricional y del impacto en el medio ambiente por los insumos utilizados para su elaboración por un Comedor Universitario (CU) en Uruguay. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio de caso retrospectivo, relativo al año 2021. Las variables evaluadas fueron a) cantidad total de alimento comprado en kilogramos (kg); b) cantidad en kilocalorías (kcal) e impactos ambientales por: c) generación de residuos; d) huella hídrica (HH); y e) gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). También se realizaron cálculos para evaluar la ecoeficiencia (EE). Resultados. El CU sirvió 33.740 comidas en 2021, de las cuales el 87,1% fueron almuerzos. De los 78 tipos de alimentos comprados, 41 de ellos representaron el 93,17% del total en kilogramos. En la calidad nutricional, menos del 10% se clasificaron como alimentos procesados o ultraprocesados. En la evaluación de aspectos nutricionales e impactos ambientales, los alimentos de origen animal representaron el 26,52% del total en kg y el 69,78% de los HH. Un alimento de origen vegetal tuvo el mayor impacto de GEI debido a su origen. En cuanto a la EE, la valoración general mostró un resultado de 0,0626 para los alimentos de origen animal y 0,3838 para los de origen vegetal. Conclusiones. Corresponde a los servicios de alimentación para colectividades considerar, en la planificación del menú, además de la calidad nutricional y sanitaria de la oferta alimentaria, los impactos ambientales que estas genera(AU)

The canteens are a way to guarantee access to safe, healthy and environmentally responsible food for university students. Objective. The purpose of this research was to characterize the menu standards, based on the evaluation of the nutritional quality and the environmental impact of the inputs used for its preparation by a university canteen in Uruguay. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective case study, relating to the year 2021. The variables evaluated were a) total amount of food purchased in kilograms (kg); b) quantity in kilocalories (kcal) and environmental impacts due to: c) waste generation; d) water footprint (WF); and e) greenhouse gases (GHG). Calculations were also performed to assess eco-efficiency (EE). Results. The university canteen served 33,740 meals in 2021, of which 87.1% were lunches. Of the 78 types of food purchased, 41 of them represented 93.17% of the total in kilograms. In nutritional quality, less than 10% are classified as processed or ultra-processed foods. In the evaluation of nutritional aspects and environmental impacts, foods of animal origin represented 26.52% of the total in kg and 69.78% of WF. A vegetal based food had the highest GHG impact due to its origin. Regarding the EE calculations, the general assessment showed a result of 0.626 for foods of animal origin and 0.3838 for those of vegetable origin. Conclusions. It corresponds to the food services for communities to consider, in the planning of the menu, in addition to the nutritional and sanitary quality of the food offer, the environmental impacts that it generates(AU)

An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey) / Uma avaliação da pegada hídrica urbana e da escassez de água azul: um estudo de caso para Van, Turquia

Today, most of the world’s population faces water scarcity, while global warming, urbanization, industrialization and population increases continue to increase the severity of the pressure on water resources. Management ofwater resources plays a key role in the sustainability of agricultural production. The water footprint (WF) is different in comparison to other water statistics because it takes direct and indirect water consumption into account, and helps in the management of water resources. Within this context, the WF of Van province, which is Turkey’s most easterly located arid region, was calculated from 2004 to 2019. The study area covers lake Van, which is Turkey's largest lake, and the Van basin with an area of 23.334km² and a population of 1.136.757 (2019). In the calculations, crop (WFcrop), livestock (WFlivestock), and domestic and industrial water footprints (WFdomestic+industrial) were evaluated separately, and blue and green water footprints (WFblue and WFgreen) were analyzed in detail. According to the results, the average WF of Van province was found to be 8.73 billionm3 year-¹. Throughout the province, 87.6% of the WF is composed of WFcrop, 4.9% is WFlivestock and 7.5% is WFdomestic+industrial. Of the WFcrop, 62.5% depends on WFblue, i.e., freshwater. Most of the WFlivestock consisted of dairy cattle (49%) and sheep (38%). The average WFdomestic+industrial for 2004 to 2019 was 0.64billion m³ year-¹. The average per capita water footprint of Van province was found to be 889.9m³ year-¹ capita-¹. In addition, the province is classified as severe water scarcity (257%). This study is one of the first province-based calculations of WF in Turkey and is the first study to bring a different aspect to published literature by including residual soil moisture from the winter months. As a result of this study, the WFblue of the [...].

Hoje, a maior parte da população mundial enfrenta a escassez de água, enquanto o aquecimento global, a urbanização, a industrialização e o crescimento da população continuam a aumentar a gravidade da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos. A gestão dos recursos hídricos desempenha papel fundamental na sustentabilidade da produção agrícola. A pegada hídrica (WF) é diferente em comparação com outras estatísticas hídricas porque leva em consideração o consumo direto e indireto de água e auxilia na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Nesse contexto, o WF da província de Van, que é a região árida localizada mais a leste da Turquia, foi calculado de 2004 a 2019. A área de estudo cobre o lago Van, que é o maior lago da Turquia, e a bacia de Van, com uma área de 23,334 km² e uma população de 1.136.757 (2019). Nos cálculos, as pegadas hídricas de safra (WFcrop), pecuária (WFlivestock) e doméstica e industrial (WFdomestic+industrial) foram avaliadas separadamente, e as pegadas hídricas azul e verde (WFblue e WFgreen) foram analisadas em detalhes. De acordo com os resultados, o WF médio da província de Van foi encontrado em 8,73 bilhões de m³ ano-¹. Em toda a província, 87,6% do WF são compostos por WFcrop, 4,9% são WFlivestock e 7,5% são WFdomestic+industrial. Do WFcrop, 62,5% dependem do WFblue, ou seja, de água doce. A maior parte do gado WFlivestock era composto por gado leiteiro (49%) e ovelhas (38%). O WFdomestic+industrial médio de 2004 a 2019 foi de 0,64 bilhão de m³ ano-¹. A pegada hídrica per capita média da província de Van foi encontrada em 889,9 m³ ano-¹ capita-¹. Além disso, a região é classificada como grave escassez de água (257%). Este estudo é um dos primeiros cálculos de WF baseados em províncias na Turquia e é o primeiro estudo a trazer um aspecto diferente para a literatura publicada, incluindo a umidade residual do solo dos meses de inverno. Como resultado deste estudo, o WFblue do WFcrop está [...].

An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey)

Abstract Today, most of the worlds population faces water scarcity, while global warming, urbanization, industrialization and population increases continue to increase the severity of the pressure on water resources. Management of water resources plays a key role in the sustainability of agricultural production. The water footprint (WF) is different in comparison to other water statistics because it takes direct and indirect water consumption into account, and helps in the management of water resources. Within this context, the WF of Van province, which is Turkeys most easterly located arid region, was calculated from 2004 to 2019. The study area covers lake Van, which is Turkey's largest lake, and the Van basin with an area of 23.334 km2 and a population of 1.136.757 (2019). In the calculations, crop (WFcrop), livestock (WFlivestock), and domestic and industrial water footprints (WFdomestic+industrial) were evaluated separately, and blue and green water footprints (WFblue and WFgreen) were analyzed in detail. According to the results, the average WF of Van province was found to be 8.73 billion m3 year-1. Throughout the province, 87.6% of the WF is composed of WFcrop, 4.9% is WFlivestock and 7.5% is WFdomestic+industrial. Of the WFcrop, 62.5% depends on WFblue, i.e., freshwater. Most of the WFlivestock consisted of dairy cattle (49%) and sheep (38%). The average WFdomestic+industrial for 2004 to 2019 was 0.64 billion m3 year-1. The average per capita water footprint of Van province was found to be 889.9 m3 year-1 capita-1. In addition, the province is classified as severe water scarcity (257%). This study is one of the first province-based calculations of WF in Turkey and is the first study to bring a different aspect to published literature by including residual soil moisture from the winter months. As a result of this study, the WFblue of the WFcrop is above the worldwide average and should be reduced by changing the crop pattern or synchronizing the planting and harvest dates of the crops to a period that benefits from precipitation. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to new studies for calculating the provincial scale WF and will have positive effects on agricultural planning, water allocation and the sustainability of water resources.

Resumo Hoje, a maior parte da população mundial enfrenta a escassez de água, enquanto o aquecimento global, a urbanização, a industrialização e o crescimento da população continuam a aumentar a gravidade da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos. A gestão dos recursos hídricos desempenha papel fundamental na sustentabilidade da produção agrícola. A pegada hídrica (WF) é diferente em comparação com outras estatísticas hídricas porque leva em consideração o consumo direto e indireto de água e auxilia na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Nesse contexto, o WF da província de Van, que é a região árida localizada mais a leste da Turquia, foi calculado de 2004 a 2019. A área de estudo cobre o lago Van, que é o maior lago da Turquia, e a bacia de Van, com uma área de 23,334 km2 e uma população de 1.136.757 (2019). Nos cálculos, as pegadas hídricas de safra (WFcrop), pecuária (WFlivestock) e doméstica e industrial (WFdomestic+industrial) foram avaliadas separadamente, e as pegadas hídricas azul e verde (WFblue e WFgreen) foram analisadas em detalhes. De acordo com os resultados, o WF médio da província de Van foi encontrado em 8,73 bilhões de m3 ano-1. Em toda a província, 87,6% do WF são compostos por WFcrop, 4,9% são WFlivestock e 7,5% são WFdomestic+industrial. Do WFcrop, 62,5% dependem do WFblue, ou seja, de água doce. A maior parte do gado WFlivestock era composto por gado leiteiro (49%) e ovelhas (38%). O WFdomestic+industrial médio de 2004 a 2019 foi de 0,64 bilhão de m3 ano-1. A pegada hídrica per capita média da província de Van foi encontrada em 889,9 m3 ano-1 capita-1. Além disso, a região é classificada como grave escassez de água (257%). Este estudo é um dos primeiros cálculos de WF baseados em províncias na Turquia e é o primeiro estudo a trazer um aspecto diferente para a literatura publicada, incluindo a umidade residual do solo dos meses de inverno. Como resultado deste estudo, o WFblue do WFcrop está acima da média mundial e deve ser reduzido alterando o padrão de cultivo ou sincronizando as datas de plantio e colheita das safras para um período que se beneficie da precipitação. Além disso, espera-se que este estudo contribua para novos estudos para o cálculo da escala provincial WF e terá efeitos positivos no planejamento agrícola, alocação de água e a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos.

Ultra-processed food intake and diet carbon and water footprints: a national study in Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To study the association between ultra-processed food consumption and carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis on data collected in 2008-2009 on a probabilistic sample of the Brazilian population aged ≥ 10 years (n = 32,886). Individual food intake was assessed using two 24-hour food records, on non-consecutive days. The environmental impact of individual diets was calculated by multiplying the amount of each food by coefficients that quantify the atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases in grams of carbon dioxide equivalent (carbon footprint) and freshwater use in liters (water footprint), both per gram or milliliter of food. The two coefficients consider the food life cycle 'from farm to fork.' Crude and adjusted linear regression models and tests for linear trends assessed the association between the ultra-processed food contribution to total energy intake (quintiles) and the diet carbon and water footprints. Potential confounders included age, sex, education, income, and region. Total energy intake was assessed as a potential mediation variable. RESULTS In the crude models, the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods was linearly associated with the carbon and water footprints of the Brazilian diet. After adjustment for potential confounders, the association remained significant only regarding the diet water footprint, which increased by 10.1% between the lowest and highest quintile of the contribution of ultra-processed foods. Additional adjustment for total energy intake eliminated this association indicating that the dietary contribution of ultra-processed foods increases the diet water footprint by increasing energy intake. CONCLUSIONS The negative impact of ultra-processed foods on the diet water footprint, shown for the first time in this study, adds to the negative impacts of these foods, already demonstrated regarding dietary nutrient profiles and the risk for several chronic non-communicable diseases. This reinforces the recommendation to avoid ultra-processed foods made in the official Brazilian Dietary Guidelines and increasingly in dietary guidelines of other countries.

An assessment of the urban water footprint and blue water scarcity: A case study for Van (Turkey) / Uma avaliação da pegada hídrica urbana e da escassez de água azul: um estudo de caso para Van, Turquia

Today, most of the world's population faces water scarcity, while global warming, urbanization, industrialization and population increases continue to increase the severity of the pressure on water resources. Management of water resources plays a key role in the sustainability of agricultural production. The water footprint (WF) is different in comparison to other water statistics because it takes direct and indirect water consumption into account, and helps in the management of water resources. Within this context, the WF of Van province, which is Turkey's most easterly located arid region, was calculated from 2004 to 2019. The study area covers lake Van, which is Turkey's largest lake, and the Van basin with an area of 23.334km2 and a population of 1.136.757 (2019). In the calculations, crop (WFcrop), livestock (WFlivestock), and domestic and industrial water footprints (WFdomestic+industrial) were evaluated separately, and blue and green water footprints (WFblue and WFgreen) were analyzed in detail. According to the results, the average WF of Van province was found to be 8.73 billionm3 year-1. Throughout the province, 87.6% of the WF is composed of WFcrop, 4.9% is WFlivestock and 7.5% is WFdomestic+industrial. Of the WFcrop, 62.5% depends on WFblue, i.e., freshwater. Most of the WFlivestock consisted of dairy cattle (49%) and sheep (38%). The average WFdomestic+industrial for 2004 to 2019 was 0.64billion m3 year-1. The average per capita water footprint of Van province was found to be 889.9m3 year-1 capita-1. In addition, the province is classified as severe water scarcity (257%). This study is one of the first province-based calculations of WF in Turkey and is the first study to bring a different aspect to published literature by including residual soil moisture from the winter months. As a result of this study, the WFblue of the WFcrop is above the worldwide average and should be reduced by changing the crop pattern or synchronizing the planting and harvest dates of the crops to a period that benefits from precipitation. In addition, this study is expected to contribute to new studies for calculating the provincial scale WF and will have positive effects on agricultural planning, water allocation and the sustainability of water resources.

Hoje, a maior parte da população mundial enfrenta a escassez de água, enquanto o aquecimento global, a urbanização, a industrialização e o crescimento da população continuam a aumentar a gravidade da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos. A gestão dos recursos hídricos desempenha papel fundamental na sustentabilidade da produção agrícola. A pegada hídrica (WF) é diferente em comparação com outras estatísticas hídricas porque leva em consideração o consumo direto e indireto de água e auxilia na gestão dos recursos hídricos. Nesse contexto, o WF da província de Van, que é a região árida localizada mais a leste da Turquia, foi calculado de 2004 a 2019. A área de estudo cobre o lago Van, que é o maior lago da Turquia, e a bacia de Van, com uma área de 23,334 km2 e uma população de 1.136.757 (2019). Nos cálculos, as pegadas hídricas de safra (WFcrop), pecuária (WFlivestock) e doméstica e industrial (WFdomestic+industrial) foram avaliadas separadamente, e as pegadas hídricas azul e verde (WFblue e WFgreen) foram analisadas em detalhes. De acordo com os resultados, o WF médio da província de Van foi encontrado em 8,73 bilhões de m3 ano-1. Em toda a província, 87,6% do WF são compostos por WFcrop, 4,9% são WFlivestock e 7,5% são WFdomestic+industrial. Do WFcrop, 62,5% dependem do WFblue, ou seja, de água doce. A maior parte do gado WFlivestock era composto por gado leiteiro (49%) e ovelhas (38%). O WFdomestic+industrial médio de 2004 a 2019 foi de 0,64 bilhão de m3 ano-1. A pegada hídrica per capita média da província de Van foi encontrada em 889,9 m3 ano-1 capita-1. Além disso, a região é classificada como grave escassez de água (257%). Este estudo é um dos primeiros cálculos de WF baseados em províncias na Turquia e é o primeiro estudo a trazer um aspecto diferente para a literatura publicada, incluindo a umidade residual do solo dos meses de inverno. Como resultado deste estudo, o WFblue do WFcrop está acima da média mundial e deve ser reduzido alterando o padrão de cultivo ou sincronizando as datas de plantio e colheita das safras para um período que se beneficie da precipitação. Além disso, espera-se que este estudo contribua para novos estudos para o cálculo da escala provincial WF e terá efeitos positivos no planejamento agrícola, alocação de água e a sustentabilidade dos recursos hídricos.

Estimativa do dispêndio de água virtual nas exportações brasileiras no período de 2003 a 2014 / Estimation of virtual water use in Brazilian exports from 2003 to 2014

RESUMO O conceito de água virtual tem sido muito utilizado como importante indicador de consumo, sendo cada vez mais aceito na literatura, constituindo-se da água incorporada à produção de um bem ou serviço. Visando a estimar o volume de água virtual presente nos 25 principais produtos da pauta de exportação brasileira no período 2003-2014, utilizou-se o método de pesquisa exploratória a partir dos principais produtos que representavam aproximadamente 60% do montante arrecadado. Os resultados indicaram inflexão entre a relevância dos produtos manufaturados e dos produtos básicos (principalmente minério de ferro e soja) no período de 2009-2010, com apenas quatro produtos respondendo, em 2014, por 32% da receita auferida pelo País. Como consequência, a estimativa do dispêndio de água virtual realizada para os produtos avaliados indicou que o Brasil despendeu, em média, 191 Gm3.ano-1 (6.025 m3.s-1), com os produtos básicos respondendo por 95% desse volume. Considerando-se apenas 2014, essa vazão elevou-se para 7.836 m3.s-1, aproximadamente 14 vezes superior à demanda para abastecimento da população urbana brasileira.

ABSTRACT The Virtual Water concept has long been used as an important indicator of water consumption, increasingly being accepted in the literature, becoming the embedded water in the production of a good or service. In order to estimate the volume of virtual water present in the top 25 products of Brazilian exports in the period 2003-2014, we used the exploratory method from the main products that represented approximately 60% of the collected amount. Results indicated a shift between the relevance of manufactured products and commodities (mainly iron ore and soybeans) in the 2009-2010 period, with only four products accounting in 2014 for 32% of the revenue earned by the country. As a result, the estimated virtual water expenditure for the products evaluated indicated that Brazil spent, on average, 191 Gm3.year-1 (about 6,025 m3.s-1), with commodities accounting for 95% of this volume. Considering only 2014, this flow increased to about 7,836 m3.s-1, 14 times higher than the supply demand of the Brazilian urban population.

Estimación de la huella hídrica asociada al proceso de beneficio bovino de la cadena cárnica en los frigoríficos Vijagual y Jongovito (Colombia) / Estimation of the water footprint associated with the bovine benefit process of the network of meat in the Vijagual and Jongovito meat plant (Colombia)

RESUMEN La huella hídrica es un indicador de la apropiación de los recursos de agua dulce y aporta una valiosa información sobre el impacto ambiental que ocasiona un bien o servicio. Por ello, es interesante conocer el consumo de agua y los niveles de contaminación detrás de todo proceso productivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue dar una primera aproximación a la estimación de la huella hídrica en el proceso de beneficio bovino en el Frigorífico Vijagual S.A.S. de la ciudad de Bucaramanga y en el Frigorífico Jongovito S.A de la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto. Para el cálculo de la huella hídrica azul se hizo necesario conocer el volumen de agua empleada en el proceso y el del agua que retorna a la fuente hídrica después de su tratamiento. Para el cálculo de la huella hídrica gris se tomó como indicador la carga contaminante de materia orgánica expresada en DQO, por ser el parámetro de mayor concentración. La huella hídrica verde no se determinó por no tratarse de un proceso agroforestal. Para el Frigorífico Vijagual se obtuvo como resultado una huella hídrica total de 2.583l/res, mientras que para el Frigorífico Jongovito se obtuvo una huella hídrica de 1.358 l/res. Si bien es cierto estos valores son inferiores a datos nacionales e internacionales, en términos de sostenibilidad es muy importante disminuir el consumo de agua, mejorar cada vez más los sistemas de tratamiento y realizar un esfuerzo en concienciar respecto al uso responsable del agua a sus operarios, en beneficio de las generaciones presentes y futuras.

ABSTRACT The water footprint is an indicator of the appropriation of freshwater resources that contributes a valuable information on the environmental impact caused by a good and/or service. Therefore, it is interesting to know the water consumption and the pollution behind all productive processes. The objective of this study was to give a first approximation to the accounting of the water footprint in the process of bovine benefit in the Vijagual S.A.S. meat procesing plant in Bucaramanga city and the Jongovito S.A. meat plant in San Juan de Pasto City. To calculate the blue water footprint it was necessary to know the volume of water used in the process and the water that returns to the water source after its treatment. For the calculation of the gray water footprint, the pollutant load of organic matter expressed in DQO was taken as indicator, since it is the parameter with the highest concentration. The green water footprint was not determined because it was not an agroforestry process. As a result, the Vijagual meat plant the water footprint is 2.583 l/bovine, while the Jongovito meat plant the water footprint of 1.358 l/bovine was obteined. Altough it is true that these values are lower than national and international data, in terms of sustainability, it is very important to reduce water consumption, improve treatment systems more and more, and make an effort to raise awareness about the responsible use of water by its operators, for the benefit of present and future generations.

Medición de Huella de Agua y Carbono de la Sesión de Kinesiología en Hospital Mutual de Seguridad CChC / Measurement of the Water and Carbon Footprint of the Kinesiology Session at Hospital Mutual de Safety CChC

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un sistema para tener una estimación de huella de agua y carbono de una sesión de kinesiología. Comienza con una revisión de la escasa literatura disponible que relacione cambio climático, considerado una amenaza para la salud, con terapia física. A continuación, se cruzan datos como cantidad de sesiones con el consumo de electricidad y agua del equipamiento de electro-medicina lo que permite estimar la huella de agua y carbono que deja en el ambiente el tratamiento a pacientes del Servicio de Kinesiología del Hospital Clínico Mutual de Seguridad C Ch C (HCMS). Finalmente se logra establecer una estimación de huella de agua y de carbono de cada prestación con resultados que muestran que la mayoría (83%), corresponde a acciones carbono neutral. Se espera que esta investigación nacional pionera sirva de base para mediciones, más precisas, del grado de impacto ambiental que tiene una sesión de kinesiterapia y tomar acciones de eventual corrección.

This study aims to introduce a system to have an estimation of the water and carbon footprint of a physical therapy session. It starts reviewing the scarce literature available linking climate change, considered a threat to human health, and physical therapy. Next, some data like number of sessions, water or electricity consumption of electromedicine devices are taken to, finally, have an output of the estimated water and carbon footprint laid on the environment by the treatment of patients at physical therapy Department of the Mutual Hospital. Finally, an estimation is set to establish the footprint of each therapeutic action, showing that the great majority (83%) correspond to carbon neutral actions. Hopefully, this pioneer investigation is expected to serve as a basis to more accurate measurements of the amount of environmental impact of Physical Therapy activities to, eventually, take corrective actions.

Huella de agua y carbono de una sesión de kinesiterapia / Carbon and water footprint in a physical therapy session

Un tema emergente en la actualidad es el que rodea al término Cambio Climático. Según los estudios de Stegman y McKibbin existe influencia de las actividades humanas en su gestación y control por lo que es posible asumir que nuestra labor como Kinesiologos también es parte de esta influencia. El propósito de este artículo es introducir una mirada que promueva la revisión de las actividades Profesionales del Kinesiólogo Clínico, desde su formación de pregrado hasta su desempeño laboral, a la luz del conocimiento de la huella de Carbono y Agua que estas dejan en el Planeta. Se hace una revisión de la escasa literatura disponible en Kinesiología abordando una observación diferente de nuestro actuar terapéutico.

A currently emerging, issue is what surrounds the term Climate Change. According to studies by Stegman and McKibbin there is influence of human activities in its gestation and control making it possible to assume that our Physical Therapists labor also work as part of this influence. The purpose of this article is to introduce a look that promotes the review of clinical Physical Therapist professional activities from their undergraduate training to job performance in the light of the knowledge of the carbon and water footprint that they leave on the planet. One presents a review of the limited literature available in Physical Therapy, addressing a different observation of our therapeutic act.

La huella hídrica como una estrategia de educación ambiental enfocada a la gestión del recurso hídrico: ejercicio con comunidades rurales de Villavicencio / The ater footpriint as an environmental education strategy focused on the management of water resources:: study conducted with rural communities from villavicencio

De acuerdo con Tréllez (2002), la educación ambiental comunitaria es un campo abierto al pensamiento y a la acción constructiva, en donde los resultados pueden convertirse gradualmente en propuestas creativas para un futuro diferente; de esta forma, la educación ambiental permite flexibilizar el pensamiento, crear escenarios y construir procesos orientadores para el cambio. Este estudio tiene el propósito de generar cambios en la percepción con respecto al consumo de agua indirecta en los hogares, por medio de la educación ambiental y a través de la metodología investigación-acción, con talleres participativos en donde se calculó la huella hídrica indirecta por consumo de alimentos. A partir de este cálculo, las comunidades mostraron un cambio sobre el consumo de agua, y de ahí generaron propuestas para mejorar su relación con el recurso. Esta estrategia de educación ambiental implementada a través de la huella hídrica, permitió generar el inicio de la apropiación por parte de las comunidades con respecto a la gestión del recurso hídrico, y generar en los líderes la responsabilidad de transmitir lo aprendido a los pobladores de su vereda.

According to Tréllez (2002), community-based environmental education is an open field to thought and to constructive action whose individual results can gradually become creative proposals for a different future; in this way, environmental education allows for the flexibility of thoughts, the creation of scenarios, and the development of processes oriented towards change. The purpose of this study is to produce a change in relation to the indirect consumption of water in homes, through environmental education, by means of Action research with participative workshops in which the indirect water footprint for food consumption was calculated. After this calculation, communities showed a noticeable change regarding their consumption of water, developing proposals to improve their relationship with this resource. This environmental education strategy, implemented through the water footprint, has allowed for the communities to begin to appropriate management of water resources and to develop responsibility in the leaders to communicate what has been learned to other members within their respective communities.