Clinical effect of total hip arthroplasty via Watson-Jone approach in treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of total hip arthroplasty via Watson-Jone approach in treatment of hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease.Methods:Forty six patients with hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease who were admitted to Department of Orthopedics of 541 General Hospital from January 2018 to June 2019 were selected as observation subjects, of which 23 patients received the conventional posterolateral approach as the control group, and the other 23 patients received the Watson-Jone approach as the study group. The Harris scores of the hip joints, the degree of pain (visual analogue scale), and complication rate of postoperative follow-up were compared between the patients of two groups before and after operation at different time periods (3, 6, 12, 24 months).Results:The preoperative Harris scores of the study group and the control group were (36.28 ± 6.57) and (37.51 ± 6.29) points, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t = 0.65, P = 0.520); at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, the scores were (86.65 ± 5.26), (80.91 ± 5.39), (88.59 ± 5.08), (83.33 ± 5.26), (90.37 ± 4.55), (85.05 ± 4.61), (92.06 ± 4.37), and (88.72 ± 4.56) points, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The preoperative hip pain scores of the study group and the control group were (8.08 ± 0.45) and (7.96 ± 0.49) points, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t = 0.87, P = 0.392) ; at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after operation, the scores were (2.08 ± 0.51), (2.55 ± 0.55), (1.68 ± 0.46), (2.07 ± 0.41), (1.32 ± 0.38), (1.71 ± 0.41), (1.01 ± 0.22), and (1.18 ± 0.28) points, the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). The complication rate of postoperative in the study group was 0 (0/23), which was significantly lower than that [17.39% (4/23)] of the control group (χ 2 = 4.38, P = 0.036). Conclusion:Watson-Jone approach is adopted in total hip arthroplasty for patients with hip osteoarthritis caused by advanced Kashin-Beck disease, which can significantly reduce the pain of the hip joint and improve the function of the hip joint, with fewer postoperative complications, and is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation.

Predictibilidad en el diagnóstico utilizando Watson de IBM / Predictability in diagnostics using IBM Watson / Previsibilidade em diagnósticos usando IBM Watson

El presente estudio trata sobre una revisión documental relacionada con la predictibilidad en el diagnóstico utilizando Watson de IBM, el cual tiene como objetivo principal conocer el nivel de predictibilidad en el diagnóstico con Watson de IMB se ha utilizado un diseño no experimental de corte cualitativo donde las técnicas de recolección de datos han sido la revisión documental y el análisis de datos provenientes de estudios realizados por expertos que validan el uso de este tipo de tecnología, de acuerdo a los documentos consultados y en función de la opinión de los expertos se puede referir que la hipótesis planteada "el conocer el nivel de predictibilidad en el diagnóstico utilizando Watson de IMB contribuye a su implementación en el diagnóstico de enfermedades de orden oncológico" se cumple y como parte de algunas de las conclusiones las cuales refiere que el uso de este tipo de tecnología aporta a la prontitud en la generación de diagnósticos más certeros y con un nivel de predictibilidad media ­ alta, al igual que es una oportunidad para el trabajo colaborativo entre profesionales de la salud y representa la necesidad imperante de actualizar sus conocimientos para proporcionar datos de calidad que faciliten una mayor predictibilidad del diagnóstico

The present study deals with a documentary review related to the predictability in the diagnosis using IBM Watson, which has as its main objective to know the level of predictability in the diagnosis with IBM Watson. a qualitative non-experimental design has been used where the data collection techniques have been the documentary review and the analysis of data from studies conducted by experts who validate the use of this type of technology, according to the documents consulted and based on the opinion of the experts, it can be stated that the hypothesis knowing the level of predictability in the diagnosis with Watson IMB contributes to its implementation in the diagnosis of oncological diseases is fulfilled and as part of some of the conclusions it is stated that the use of this type of technology contributes to the promptness in the generation of more accurate diagnoses and with a medium-high level of predictability, It is also an opportunity for collaborative work among health professionals and represents the imperative need to update their knowledge in order to provide quality data that facilitate greater diagnostic predictability

O presente estudo trata de uma revisão documental relacionada à previsibilidade no diagnóstico com o Watson da IBM, cujo objetivo principal é conhecer o nível de previsibilidade no diagnóstico com o Watson do IMB. Utilizou-se um desenho qualitativo não experimental onde foi utilizado. as técnicas de coleta de dados foram a revisão documental e a análise de dados de estudos realizados por especialistas que validam o uso desse tipo de tecnologia, de acordo com os documentos consultados e com base na opinião dos especialistas, pode-se referir que o hipótese levantada conhecer o nível de previsibilidade no diagnóstico com o Watson do IMB contribui para sua implementação no diagnóstico de doenças oncológicas é atendida e faz parte de algumas das conclusões que referem que o uso deste tipo de tecnologia contribui para a prontidão na geração de diagnósticos mais precisos e com um nível de pré ditabilidade média-alta, pois é uma oportunidade de trabalho colaborativo entre os profissionais de saúde e representa a necessidade predominante de atualização de conhecimentos para fornecer dados de qualidade que possibilitem maior previsibilidade do diagnóstico.

A preliminary study of the significance of artificial intelligence in the clinical practice of breast cancer postoperation / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the guiding significance of artificial intelligence for clinical practice of breast cancer after operation,and to evaluate the concordance of the Watson for oncology(WFO)with the breast cancer treatment guidelines of NCCN and Chinese Anti-Cancer Association.METHODS: A total of 100 patients who were diagnosed as breast cancer after accepting surgical operations from January 2016 to December 2017 in China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were enrolled.The expressions of ER,PR,Her-2 and Ki-67 protein in cancer tissues after operation were detected by using immunohistochemitry,and inputed the clinical cases information of these 100 patients into the WFO system.Finally,the treatment recommendations were compared with the breast cancer treatment guidelinesof NCCN and the China Anticancer Association.The Kappa test was used to determine the concordance.RESULTS: There were 64 cases(64%)of all 100 patients with the same treatment plans,the clinical stage Ⅱ(42/44 cases,95.5%)to Ⅲ(15/16 cases,93.6%)and triple negative breast cancer(7/8 cases,87.5%)treatment showed a higher concordance(Kappa value ≥ 0.75);The age≥ 41 years old,Luminal A of the immunophenotype and pathological grade Ⅲ also had a certain concordance,and the concordance of 41-55 years old were average,but it is not ideal of the cases that older than 55 years old or the pathological grade Ⅲ;On the contrary,the treatment recommendations of clinical stage Ⅰ(7/40 cases,17.5%),especially for both the lymph node metastasis negative were very inconsistency(Kappa value <0).But there was no statistical significance in the cases of the age ≤ 41 years old,pathological gradeⅠto Ⅱ,Luminal B and HER-2 type of immunophenotype.CONCLUSION: WFO in the patients of clinical stageⅡ to Ⅲ and triple negative breast cancer(P<0.05)has a certain reference value in the afore-mentioned situations;And WFO could be considering in the cases of age ≥ 41 years of age or older,Luminal A of immunophenotype and pathological grade Ⅲ;In contrast,for clinical stage Ⅰ of early breast cancer patients,WFO is not recommended.WFO could offer some reasonable treatment recommendations in partial patients with artificial intelligent computer system,and it may provide clinical decisionsupport for clinicians,and it has some guiding significance in breast cancer postoperative clinical practice,clinical learning and research.

A comparative study of Watson for Oncology and tumor boards in breast cancer treatment

PURPOSE: Watson for Oncology (WFO) is a computing system for considering treatment option with patients. The aim of this study is to determine the concordance rate of WFO and tumor board in treatment options of breast cancer.METHODS: One hundred and seventy breast cancer patients who were treated at Gachon University Gil Medical Center (GMC) from December 2016 to March 2018 were investigated. “Concordance” is defined that treatment provided by GMC tumor board and WFO-provided treatments (Recommend or For Consideration) were coincide. “Discordance” is defined that treatment provided by GMC tumor board and WFO-provided treatments (Not Recommended or Not Available) were coincide.RESULTS: In chemotherapy, of the total 170 patients, 23 patients were excluded, and the concordance rate was compared in 147 patients. Concordance rate was 93% (136/147). In the 11 patients who were discordant, seven patients complied with the treatment proposed by GMC tumor board due to insurance problems and age, and two patients did not follow the treatment proposed by WFO due to pregnancy and patient's choice, and one patient chose a treatment determined by WFO, last one patient was not treated with chemotherapy because it was not considered to be clinically necessary. In radiotherapy, the overall agreement rate was as high as 99% (147/148).CONCLUSION: Through this study, we found that many of the treatment proposals provided by WFO are highly reliable. Although the overall agreement is high in the radiotherapy regimen, the indication for radiotherapy by WFO is more aggressive and hypofractionated high dose intensity radiotherapy is growing trend by WFO.

Treatment of benign bone lesions of proximal femur using dynamic hip screw and intralesional curettage via Watson-Jones approach / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of dynamic hip screw (DHS) and intralesional curettage via Watson-Jones approach in treatment of benign bone lesions of the proximal femur.

Treatment of proximal femoral benign lesions by proximal femoral nail anti-rotation combined with curettage and bone graft through the Watson-Jones approach / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) combined with curettage and bone graft through Watson-Jones approach in the treatment of proximal femur benign tumors and tumor like lesions. Methods: The clinical data of 38 patients with benign tumors and tumor like lesions in the proximal femur who were treated through the Watson-Jones approach with PFNA combined with curettage and bone graft between January 2008 and January 2015 were retrospective analysed. There were 24 males and 14 females with an average age of 28 years (range, 15-57 years). Pathological types included 20 cases of fibrous dysplasia, 7 cases of bone cyst, 5 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst, 3 cases of giant cell tumor of bone, 2 cases of enchondroma, and 1 case of non-ossifying fibroma. Before operation, hip pain occurred in 19 patients, pathological fracture occurred in 12 patients, limb shortening and coxa varus deformity was found in 4 patients, and 3 patients received surgery for the local recurrence. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and full-weight bearing time after operation were recorded. Patients were followed up to observe union of bone graft and the position of internal fixator on X-ray films and CT images. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score was used to evaluate the level of pain. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS93) score was used to evaluate lower limb function. Harris hip score was used to evaluate hip joint function. Results: The operation time was 130-280 minutes (mean, 182 minutes) and the intraoperative blood loss was 300-1 500 mL (mean, 764 mL). After operation, 3 cases of fat liquefaction of incision healed successfully by carefully dressing, and the rest incisions healed by first intention. All patients started partially weight-bearing exercise at 2-4 weeks after operation. The total weight-bearing time was 3-6 months (mean, 4.2 months). All the patients were followed up 24-108 months (median, 60 months). Imaging examination showed that the bone graft fused and the fusion time was 8-18 months (mean, 11.4 months). During the follow-up period, there was no complication such as pathological fracture, femoral head ischemic necrosis, hip joint dislocation, internal fixation loosening and fracture, and no tumor recurrence or distant metastasis occurred. At last follow-up, the VAS score, MSTS93 score, and Harris score were significantly improved when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of proximal femoral benign lesions by PFNA combined with curettage and bone graft through the Watson-Jones approach is safe and effective, with advantages of better mechanical stability, less residual tumor, and less postoperative complications.

Application of Watson Humanistic Care in Outpatient Nursing / 中国医学伦理学

Selecting outpatient long - term nurses, we conducted the training of Watson humanistic care thoughts and skills to them,created humanistic care facilities,created a humanistic working environment,attached importance to the skills of communicating with patients,paid attention to the details of humanistic care in daily work,strengthened the cultivation of humanistic care consciousness and methods,and constantly improved nurse's ability of humanistic care and service quality of outpatient nursing.

O impacto da obra de J. B. Watson na psicologia norte-americana: Alguns parâmetros de comparação / The impact of J. B. Watson's work on American Psychology: Some comparison parameters / El impacto de la obra de J. B. Watson en la psicología norteamericana: Algunos parámetros de comparación

O impacto da obra de J. B. Watson tem sido explorado na historiografia da psicologia. Neste âmbito, destacam-se estudos que utilizam como método a análise bibliométrica. Tais pesquisas, no entanto, não utilizam parâmetros comparativos que possam indicar de forma mais precisa o grau de impacto daquela obra. O presente estudo busca preencher tal lacuna por meio de uma análise bibliométrica comparativa das referências às obras de Watson e outros três relevantes psicólogos do período: Edward B. Titchener, Edward L. Thorndike e William James. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco importantes periódicos norte-americanos da área, entre os anos 1903 e 1923 ­ uma década antes e uma década após a publicação do Manifesto Behaviorista. Os resultados permitem concluir que, embora não possa ser tomada propriamente como um marco revolucionário, a obra de Watson teve, na década posterior à publicação do Manifesto Behaviorista (1914-1923), um impacto próximo ao de Titchener e maior do que o de Thorndike, ainda que distante da influência exercida por James. (AU)

The impact of J. B. Watson's work has been explored in the historiography of psychology. In this context, bibliometric analysis has been often used as a methodological strategy. However, such studies do not present comparative parameters that may indicate more precisely its degree of impact. The goal of this paper is to fill this gap, by making a comparative bibliometric analysis of citations to Watson and three other representative psychologists at that time: Edward B. Titchener, Edward L. Thorndike and William James. Five important American journals were scrutinized for the period between 1903 and 1923, a decade before and a decade after the publication of Watson's Behaviorist Manifesto. The results suggest that, even if it cannot be taken as a revolutionary milestone, Watson's work had, in the first decade after the publication of the Behaviorist Manifesto (1914-1923), an impact similar to Titchener's and higher than Thorndike's, although still distant from James's influence. (AU)

El impacto de la obra de J. B. Watson ha sido investigado en la historiografía de la psicología. En este contexto, se destacan los estudios que utilizan el análisis bibliométrico como método. Sin embargo, estos estudios no utilizan parámetros comparativos que pueden indicar con mejor precisión el grado de impacto del autor. El objetivo de este estudio es llenar este vacío por medio de un análisis bibliométrico comparativo de las citas de las obras de Watson y de otros tres sicólogos importantes en este período: Edward B. Titchener, Edward Thorndike y William James. La búsqueda se realizó en cinco periódicos norteamericanos importantes entre los años 1903 y 1923, una década antes y una década después de la publicación del Manifiesto Conductista de Watson. Los resultados permiten concluir que, aún que no pueda ser tomada propiamente como un hito revolucionario, la obra de Watson tuvo, en la década después de la publicación del Manifiesto Conductista (1914-1923), un impacto próximo al de Titchener y más alto que el de Thorndike, aún que muy distante de la influencia ejercida por James. (AU)

Enfermería: Teoría de Jean Watson y la inteligencia emocional, una visión humana / Nursing: Jean Watson's theory and emotional intelligence, a human vision

Introducción: a lo largo de su evolución como ciencia, uno de los problemas de la enfermería ha radicado en comprender los fundamentos ontológicos del cuidado y sus componentes teóricos para darle un sentido coherente y consistente como una ciencia humana. Objetivo: describir los elementos cualitativos que se presentan entre la teoría de Jean Watson: Filosofía y Ciencia de la asistencia y la inteligencia emocional. Métodos: partiendo del principio de que los conjuntos conceptuales son racionales y, por tanto, analizables desde el pensamiento lógico, por lo que el objetivo se logró por métodos teóricos, inductivo-deductivos específicamente histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis y sistémico-estructural-funcional. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: Medline ­ Lilacs ­ DARE y Biblioteca Cochrane. Se analizaron 10 factores que componen la teoría de Jean Watson y su vinculación con la inteligencia emocional; o sea, cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados. Conclusión: cada uno de los elementos que se relacionan, en la Teoría de Jean Watson y la inteligencia emocional al ser contextualizado, implica la presencia de un proceso reflexivo, sistemático, controlado y crítico de su objeto, basado en el método científico que responda siempre a la búsqueda, planteamiento y solución de los problemas surgidos en la vida de los hombres. Cada uno de estos factores tiene un componente fenomenológico dinámico relacionado con las personas a las que se les brindan los cuidados(AU)

Introduction: along their evolution like science, one of the problems of the nurse has resided in understanding the ontological foundations of the care and their theoretical components to give a coherent and consistent sense to the nurse like a human science. Objective: describe the qualitative elements that are presented among Jean's Watson theory: Philosophy and Science of the attendance and the emotional intelligence. Methods: for the making of this article the theoretical method was used, of the principle that the conceptual groups that occupy us are rational and, therefore, analyzable from the logical thought, for what the achievement of the proposed objective was consummated specifically by theoretical, inductive-deductive methods the historical-logical one, of analysis-synthesis and systemic-structural-functional. The search for the making of this article was carried out in the following databases: Medline - Lilacs - Library of the Collaboration Cochrane. The 10 factors are analyzed that compose Jean's Watson theory and their linking with the emotional intelligence. In summary, each one of these factors has a component dynamic phenomenological related with people to those that are offered the cares. Conclusions: each of the items listed in the Theory of Jean Watson and emotional intelligence to be contextualized, implies the presence of a thoughtful, systematic, controlled and critical process of the object, based on the scientific method that always respond to search, analyze and solve the problems in the lives of men. Each of these factors has a phenomenological dynamic component related to the people who are providing care(AU)

Obituario

Hace 100 años, en 1913, J.B. Watson publicó un artículo titulado "Psychology as the behaviorist views it" que tuvo gran influencia en la comunidad psicológica de comienzos del siglo XX. El sistema psicológico propuesto por Watson buscaba ser el fundamento de una psicología basada en las ciencias naturales, la experimentación y el estudio objetivo del comportamiento. Se indican sus orígenes, el contexto en el cual se desarrolló, su autor, y la forma como el conductismo evolucionó y se diversificó. Se señala el legado de Watson, las críticas recibidas y su evaluación histórica.

J. B. Watson, a psicologia experimental e o condutismo 100 anos depois / J. W. Watson, experimental psychology and behaviorism 100 years later

Apresenta-se neste artigo uma análise do trabalho publicado por Watson em1913, denominado “Manifesto Behaviorista”, que procurou ser o fundamento de uma psicologia baseada nas ciências naturais, na experimentação e no estudo objetivo do comportamento. Indicam-se suas origens, o contexto no qual se desenvolveu seu autor e a forma como o condutismo evoluiu e se diversificou. Destaca-se o legado de Watson, as críticas recebidas e sua avaliação histórica...

An analysis is presented of the paper “Psychology as the behaviorist viewsit” published by Watson in 1913 that has been called “The behavioristManifest”, that wanted to be the foundation of a psychology based onnatural sciences, experimentation and the objective study of behavior. Theorigin, context, the autor of the work and the way in which behaviorismdeveloped and diversified, are indicated. Watson´s legacy is presented, including criticisms and historical evaluation...

A caracterização de John B. Watson como behaviorista metodológico na literatura brasileira: possíveis fontes de controle / The characterization of John B. Watson as a methodological behaviorist in Brazilian literature: possible control sources

Vincular o nome de John B. Watson ao Behaviorismo Metodológico e ao dualismo tem sido uma prática frequente e indiscriminada na literatura brasileira de psicologia. Este trabalho pretende identificar possíveis fontes de controle para essa vinculação. Constatou-se que a disseminação da ideia de que Watson é dualista ou behaviorista metodológico pode estar relacionada (A) à relutância de Watson em definir seus compromissos ontológicos em seus primeiros textos, (B) ao estilo de escrita de B. F. Skinner que critica o Behaviorismo Metodológico sem explicitar quem seriam os behavioristas metodológicos e (C) à influência do texto de Matos (1997a). Sugere-se que um retorno aos textos originais de Watson é necessário para a adequada caracterização de sua obra e compreensão da história do movimento behaviorista.

Linking the name of John B. Watson to Methodological Behaviorism or to dualism has been a common and indiscriminate practice in the Brazilian literature of psychology. This paper aims to identify possible sources of control for this binding. It was found that the spread of the idea of Watson being a dualistic or a methodological behaviorist may be related to (A) Watson's reluctance to define his ontological commitments in his early writings, (B) the writing style of B. F. Skinner, who criticized the Methodological Behaviorism without specifying who are the methodological behaviorists, and (C) the influence of Matos' (1997a) text. It is suggested that a return to the original texts of Watson is necessary for the proper characterization of his work and an understanding of the history of the behaviorist movement.

Algunos aspectos esenciales del pensamiento de Jean Watson y su teoría de cuidados transpersonales / Some essential aspects of Jean Watson thought and her transpersonal caring theory

En este trabajo se realiza una síntesis del pensamiento de Jean Watson a partir de dos perspectivas fundamentales a saber: su filosofía de cuidados y su teoría de cuidados transpersonales. El análisis se centra, por una parte, en los fundamentos filosóficos del cuidado que derivan del existencialismo y de la teoría de la alteridad levin-asiana y, por otra, en los 10 factores de cuidado que caracterizan su teoría. El artículo además rescata aspectos de la utilización de su teoría de cuidados en diferentes contextos de enfermería. Las autoras del artículo valoran el significado y trascendencia de cada uno de ellos para la disciplina, y la oportunidad que supone aplicarlos en la praxis del trabajo cotidiano y en el desarrollo de una vida buena.

A display of Jean Watson's thoughts, based on the understanding of her philosophy and theory of transpersonal care is undertaken. On one hand, the analysis is centered in her philosophical assumptions which are based on Existentialism and Levinas theories. On the other hand, the analysis is centered on the ten factors of caring defined on her theory. Beside that this article described the benefits of applying her theory in different contextual nursing situations. The authors make reference to the meaning and transcendence of each one of her ten factors for nursing, and the improvement opportunities coming from their implementation on the way that nurses provide care today as well as on their own personal leaves.

Identificação e modelagem da autocorrelação residual no ajuste do modelo de Wood às curvas de lactação de cabras / Identification and modeling of residual autocorrelation in the adjustments of Wood’s model to lactation curves of goats

Objetivou-se com este trabalho apresentar uma metodologia de identificação e modelagem da autocorrelação residual considerando ajustes individuais do modelo de Wood às lactações de cabras leiteiras e também avaliar a influência de tal modelagem na qualidade do ajuste. O modelo de Wood foi ajustado individualmente às lactações, considerando três estruturas residuais. Na primeira, assumiu-se independência dos erros (EI) para todas as lactações, na segunda, assumiu-se a estrutura de erros autoregressivos de primeira ordem (AR1) para todas as lactações e, na terceira, nomeada por EI-AR1, foi utilizada a estrutura de erros AR1 somente para as lactações que apresentaram autocorrelação residual, segundo o teste de Durbin-Watson, e de EI para as demais. As três situações de ajuste foram comparadas pelos percentuais de convergência e pelas médias dos quadrados médios dos erros (QME) e dos coeficientes de determinação ajustados (R²aj). As médias dos QME e dos R²aj apresentaram valores semelhantes nas três situações de estrutura residual. No entanto, o modelo com estrutura EI-AR1 apresentou maior convergência, o que consiste em uma vantagem, já que permite que um maior número de animais seja avaliado quanto à sua curva de lactação. Portanto, em função da maior convergência obtida, o ajuste do modelo de Wood com a estrutura EI-AR1 consiste na opção mais indicada para grandes conjuntos de dados.

The objective of this research was to present a methodology for identification and modeling of residual autocorrelation considering individual adjustments of the Wood's model to lactation dairy goats and evaluate the influence of such modeling in the quality of adjustment. The Wood's model was adjusted individually for lactations in three different ways, the first have assumed independence of errors (IE) for all lactations, the second have assumed autoregressives first order errors (AR1) for all lactations and the third, named (IE-AR1), was used the AR1 errors structure only for lactations that showed residual autocorrelation according to Durbin-Watson test, and the IE errors structure for the other lactations. The three ways of adjustment were compared by the percentage of convergence and the average of the mean square errors (MSE) and coefficients of determination adjusted (R²adj). The average of MSE and R²aj were very similar in the three cases of residual structure. However, the model with IE-AR1 residual structure showed a higher rate of convergence, which is an advantage, as it allows a greater number of animals are evaluated for their lactation curve. Therefore, due to the increasing convergence obtained, the fit of the Wood's model with IE-AR1 residual structure is the option most suitable for large data sets.

O pensamento em Watson: rompendo com o legado metafísico e buscando uma referência materializante / The thinking in Watson: breaking with the metaphysical legacy and searching for a materializing reference

O trabalho de Watson sobre o pensamento foi tratado inadequadamente por muitos intérpretes, gerando uma lacuna na interpretação histórica visto que Watson exerceu ampla influência sobre a Psicologia. Nosso objetivo é sanar parte deste problema esclarecendo as principais posições de Watson sobre pensamento. Nossa hipótese é que a teoria watsoniana sobre o pensamento como hábito é uma forma de referencialização materializante influenciada pela desmetafisicização do pensamento Ocidental proveniente do Iluminismo. Admitimos que a teoria de Watson reproduziu premissas do erro de categoria cartesiano. Assumimos também que a prioritária associação entre pensamento e linguagem watsoniana denuncia influências indiretas da tradição filosófica grega clássica.

The work of Watson about thinking was treated inadequately by many interpreters, generating a gap in the history of Psychology, since Watson exerted ample influence on Psychology. Our objective is to elucidate part of this problem by clarifying the main Watsonïs positions about the thought. Our hypothesis is that the Watson's theory about thinking as a habit is a form of materializing reference, influenced by the demetaphysization of the Western thought originating from the Iluminism. We admit that his theory reproduced premises of the Cartesian error of category. We also assume that the prioritary association between thinking and language in Watson denounces indirect influences of the classic greek philosophical tradition.

Mutagenic role of Watson–Crick protons in alkylated DNA bases: A theoretical study.

Loss of Watson–Crick protons following DNA base alkylation has been proposed as a key event which confers mutation-inducing properties on to alkylated DNA bases. In this theoretical study, the promutagenic O6-guanine and O4-thymine sites are clearly distinguished from the nonmutagenic N7-guanine site on the basis of calculated values of mechanistic indicators for Watson–Crick proton acidity following alkylation at these respective sites. The degree of acidity predicted for these protons for each type of alkylated base accords well with the presence or absence of mutagenicity observed experimentally in each case.

Three cases of Watson-Alagille syndrome

No abstract available.