Investigation of preoperative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion in patients with duodenal papillarycarcinoma in a tertiary hospital / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the preoperative anemia and perioperative blood transfusion in patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma who underwent Whipple surgery. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 1 959 cases with duodenal papillary carcinoma, subjected to Whipple surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The rate of anemia in preoperative patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma was 54.87%(1 075/1 959). The incidence rate of anemia in the three age groups from low to high was 44.92% (≤50 years old, 190/423), 52.82% (51~64 years old, 506/958), and 65.57% (≥65 years old, 379/578) (P<0.05), and the highest rate of anemia occurred in patients aged above 65. There was a significant statistical difference among patients with different body mass index (BMI)(P<0.05). Patients with moderate or severe anemia received more red blood cells than patients with mild anemia during the perioperative period (P<0.05). The average hospitalization time of the blood transfusion patients was 27.25 days, and that of non-transfusion patients was 22.22 days (P<0.05). The amount of blood loss and hospitalization time of patients underwent laparoscopic and robotic surgery were significantly lower than those underwent open surgery patients (P <0.05). There were only 24.09%(186/772) treated with drugs for anemia intervention and the majority of patients (75.91%, 586/772) were treated with blood transfusions to interfere with anemia during hospitalization. 【Conclusion】 There are significant differences in the incidence rate of preoperative anemia among patients with duodenal papillary carcinoma who undergone Whipple surgery. Low BMI, abnormal WBC, and perioperative blood transfusion are high-risk factors for prolonged hospital stay, whereas anemia is not associated with prolonged hospital stay.

Prediction of Late Postoperative Hemorrhage after Whipple Procedure Using Computed Tomography Performed During Early Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVE: Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) is an uncommon but serious complication of Whipple surgery. To evaluate the radiologic features associated with late PPH at the first postoperative follow up CT, before bleeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the radiological features associated with late PPH at the first follow-up CT, two radiologists retrospectively reviewed the initial postoperative follow-up CT images of 151 patients, who had undergone Whipple surgery. Twenty patients showed PPH due to vascular problem or anastomotic ulcer. The research compared CT and clinical findings of 20 patients with late PPH and 131 patients without late PPH, including presence of suggestive feature of pancreatic fistula (presence of air at fluid along pancreaticojejunostomy [PJ]), abscess (fluid collection with an enhancing rim or gas), fluid along hepaticojejunostomy or PJ, the density of ascites, and the size of visible gastroduodenal artery (GDA) stump. RESULTS: CT findings including pancreatic fistula, abscess, and large GDA stump were associated with PPH on univariate analysis (p ≤ 0.009). On multivariate analysis, radiological features suggestive of a pancreatic fistula, abscess, and a GDA stump > 4.45 mm were associated with PPH (p ≤ 0.031). CONCLUSION: Early postoperative CT findings including GDA stump size larger than 4.45 mm, fluid collection with an enhancing rim or gas, and air at fluid along PJ, could predict late PPH.

Recurrent Choledochal Cyst with Pancreatitis–A Rare Indication for Whipple’s Surgery – Case Report and Review of Literature.

A young man presented to us with a history of repeated episodes of epigastric pain, he was evaluated and diagnosed of recurrent pancreatitis. Imaging revealed a choledochal cyst arising from the infra duodenal portion of common bile duct and pancreatic duct opening into it. The choice of surgical intervention in choledochal cysts has always been debated, especially in cases with such anatomy. In the following case report we briefly describe the operative method and rationale for our choice.

Clinical effect of two kinds of infusion jejunum nutrition colostomy of patients after Whipple operation / 中国综合临床

Objective To compare the effect of enteral nutrition by jejunum colostomy nutrition infusion pump of patients after Whipple surgery as well as reduce adverse reactions in patients.Methods Sixty-five cases with the implementation of Whipple and jejunum of colostomy were selected as our subjects,who were hospitalized in the Affiliated hospital of Hebei United University from Feb.2009 to Nov.2013.All patients were divided into observation group (33 cases) and control group (32 cases) according to the methods of nutrient input.Patients in observation group were given nutrition infusion pump pumping (15 to 50 ml/h) ;and patients in control group were adopted disposable infusion connection infusion with the speed of 30 drops/min with the thermostat heating temperature and the water pipe.The blood glucose,serum albumin,blood electrolyte concentration of postoperative,and the adverse reactions during input nutrient solution including vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse circumstance were recorded.Results At 1st,3rd,5th day,there was no statistically significant difference in terms of the levels of glucose,blood albumin,blood C1,Na +,K + between two groups(blood glucose:F inner grouP =3.01,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =2.90,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.87,P ＞ 0.05 ; serum albumin:F inner group =2.94,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =2.89,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.76,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood Cl:F inner group =1.78,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =1.96,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =1.88,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood Na +:F inner group =1.06,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =1.35,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =1.27,P ＞ 0.05 ; blood K +:F inner group =3.12,P ＞ 0.05 ; F between group =3.04,P ＞ 0.05 ; F cross group =2.93,P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences regarding of the rate of vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse conditions compared with the infusion enteral nutrition has good clinical effect,postoperative blood (x2 =4.029,4.381,4.905 respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The methods of colostomy enteral nutrition with infusion pump after Whipple surgery is proved to be with the better clinical effect in reducing postoperative vomiting,abdominal distention,diarrhea and other adverse conditions compared with the infusion enteral nutrition,and there are no significant difference in the terms of the levels of glucose,blood albumin,blood Cl,Na +,K +.

Efecto del drenaje biliar preoperatorio en la evolución posquirúrgica de la pancreatoduodenectomía / Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on surgical outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy

Background/Aim. There are theoretic arguments in favor and against biliary drainage before the pancreatoduodenectomy. Most of the studies failed to show any beneficial effect of this aproach whereas others even reported an increased postoperative morbidity related with biliary drainage. Therefore, the role of preoperative biliary drainage remains controversial. So, we decided to analyze our own results in a series of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy in order to determine the association between preoperative biliary drainage and postoperative outcome. Patients and Methods. We analyzed 109 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy between January 1990 and May 2003. Patients were classified in 3 groups: Group 1 (n = 64) patients without preoperative biliary drainage, Group 2 (n = 27) patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage with sphincterotomy and stent placement, and Group 3 (n = 18) only sphincterotomy. Demographic characteristics, surgical risk, comorbility, type of surgery, pathology and biochemical parameters were analyzed. We also, stratified patients with and without cholestasis (total bilirubin > 3mg/dL), and divided patients in two groups: with biliary drainage and without biliary drainage. Surgical and medical complications, the frequency of patients with at least one complication (global morbidity) and mortality were compared between groups. KruskaTWallis, Mann-Whitney U, x2 and Fisher tests were used for the analysis of categorical and dimensional variables. Results. The most frequent postoperative diagnoses were biliopancreatic tumors. Global postoperative morbidity and mortality were 40% (n = 44) and 10% (n = 11), respectively. The frequency of surgery and medical complications were no significantly different among the 3 groups. However, when only patients with cholestasis were analyzed (n = 65), there was a lower frequency of surgical complications and global postoperative morbidity in patients with preoperative biliary drainage (p = 0.02, OR 0.14, CI 95% 0.04-0.50 and p < 0.001, OR 0.18, CI 95% 0.05-0.65, respectively). There were not significant differences in the frequency of medical complications (p = 0.09) and mortality. Conclusions. Preoperative biliary drainage should not be considered as a routine procedure in candidates undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy; however, this maneuver decreased approximately seven times the risk of postoperative global morbidity in patients with cholestasis, mainly by reducing surgical complications reduction.

Antecedentes/Objetivo. Existen argumentos teóricos a favor y en contra para realizar un drenaje biliar previo a pancreatoduodenectomía. En la mayoría de los estudios no se ha podido establecer un efecto benéfico de esta conducta e incluso se ha informado un incremento en la morbilidad postoperatoria relacionada con el drenaje. Por lo tanto, la evidencia acerca de la utilidad de este procedimiento sigue siendo controversial, probablemente por la heterogeneidad en los estudios publicados. Con objeto de establecer una conducta basada en nuestra experiencia institucional analizamos una serie de pacientes sometidos a pancreatoduodenectomía para determinar la asociación entre el drenaje biliar preoperatorio y la evolución posquirúrgica. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron 109 pacientes consecutivos a quienes se les realizó pancreatoduodenectomía de enero de 1990 a mayo del 2003. Se dividieron en tres grupos: Grupo 1 (n = 64) sin drenaje biliar preoperatorio, Grupo 2 (n = 27) con esfinterotomía y colocación de endoprótesis y Grupo 3 (n = 18) sólo esfinterotomía. En todos los casos se analizaron las características demográficas, riesgo quirúrgico, comorbilidad, tipo de cirugía, estudio histopatológico y parámetros bioquímicos. Se estratificaron los pacientes de acuerdo a la presencia de colestasis, definida por bilirrubinas totales > 3 mg/dL y se agruparon en dos categorías: sin drenaje y con drenaje biliar. Se compararon las complicaciones postoperatorias quirúrgicas y médicas, así como el número de pacientes con al menos una complicación (morbilidad global) y la mortalidad. El análisis estadístico para la comparación entre los tres grupos se realizó con x2 y prueba exacta de Fisher para las variables categóricas y Kruskal-Wallis o U de Mann-Whitney para las variables dimensionales. Resultados. Los diagnósticos postoperatorios más frecuentes fueron tumores de la encrucijada biliopancreática. La morbilidad postoperatoria global fue de 40% (n = 44) y la mortalidad de 10% (n = 11). No hubo diferencias significativas en la frecuencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y médicas entre los tres grupos. Sin embargo, cuando se analizaron sólo pacientes con colestasis (n = 65), la frecuencia de complicaciones quirúrgicas y morbilidad global postoperatoria fue significativamente menor en los grupos con drenaje biliar preoperatorio (p = 0.02, RM 0.14, IC 95% 0.04-0.50 y p < 0.001, RM 0.18, IC 95% 0.05-0.65, respectivamente). No se presentaron diferencias significativas en relación con la frecuencia de complicaciones médicas (p = 0.09) y mortalidad. Conclusiones. El drenaje biliar preoperatorio no debe ser considerado un procedimiento de rutina en candidatos a pancreatoduodenectomia; sin embargo, en los pacientes con colestasis, esta maniobra disminuye casi siete veces el riesgo de morbilidad global postoperatoria, predominantemente al reducir las complicaciones quirúrgicas.