Comportamiento epidemiológico de SARS-CoV-2 en población trabajadora afiliada al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social / SARS-CoV-2 epidemic behavior in worker population affiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 entre los trabajadores afiliados al Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Material y métodos: Se analizaron las incapacidades temporales para el trabajo por enfermedades respiratorias (ITT-ER), las hospitalizaciones y defunciones asociadas durante el periodo del 1 marzo al 31 diciembre 2020. Se estimó la tasa de ataque (TA) por SARS-CoV-2, así como los riesgos relativos (RR) de ITT-ER, hospitalización y defunción. Resultados: De los trabajadores afiliados al IMSS, 8.8% (n=1 730 334) recibió al menos una ITT-ER. La TA fue mayor en mujeres y en ambos sexos fue menor en el grupo de >60 años. Los RR de hospitalización y defunción fueron mayores en hombres y aumentaron con la edad. Comparado con las ITT-ER de 2015-2019, Durango, Tamaulipas y Nuevo León tuvieron un RR mayor de ITT-ER que el resto del país. Conclusiones: La epidemia de SARS-CoV-2 tuvo repercusiones importantes en los trabajadores afiliados al IMSS; se observó un exceso de ITT-ER de 4.6 veces respecto a la frecuencia esperada y cerca de un millón de casos de SARS-CoV-2. Los datos sugieren que el sistema de ITT-ER puede ser utilizado como elemento adicional para la vigilancia epidemiológica de enfermedades emergentes.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic among workers affiliated to the Mexican Social Security Institute. Materials and methods: We analyzed Short Term Disability Claims due to Respiratory Diseases (RD-STDC), associated hospitalizations and deaths (March 1 - December 31, 2020). We estimated the attack rate (AR) for SARS-CoV-2, and relative risks (RR) of TWD-RD, hospitalization and deaths. Results: 1 730 334 workers received at least one RD-STDC. AR was higher in women and in both sexes it was lower in >60 years old. RR of hospitalization and death were higher in men and increased with age. Compared with RD-STDC of 2015-2019, the states of Durango, Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon had a higher RR of RD-STDC than the rest of the country. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic impacted IMSS-affiliated workers significantly. We observed a 4.6 fold excess in RD-STDC compared to the expected frequency and nearly 1 million SARS-CoV-2 cases in this population. Our data suggest that the RD-STDC system can be used as an additional resource for epidemiological surveillance of emerging diseases.

Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Lost-time Injury in Registered Nurses: A Literature Review

Time-loss injuries are still a major occurrence in Canada, injuring thousands of Canadian workers each year. With obesity rates on the rise across the country, as well as around the world, it is important that the possible effects of obesity in the workplace be fully understood, especially those effects linked to lost-time injuries. The aim of this paper was to evaluate predictors of workplace lost-time injuries and how they may be related to obesity or high body mass index by examining factors associated with lost-time injuries in the health care sector, a well-studied industry with the highest number of reported time loss injuries in Canada. A literature review focusing on lost-time injuries in Registered Nurses (RNs) was conducted using the keywords and terms: lost time injury, workers' compensation, occupational injury, workplace injury, injury, injuries, work, workplace, occupational, nurse, registered nurse, RN, health care, predictors, risk factors, risk, risks, cause, causes, obese, obesity, and body mass index. Data on predictors or factors associated with lost-time injuries in RNs were gathered and organized using Loisel's Work Disability Prevention Management Model and extrapolated upon using existing literature surrounding obesity in the Canadian workplace.

Prevalência de benefícios auxílio-doença entre trabalhadores da Construção no Brasil em 2009 / Prevalence of sickness benefits among construction workers in Brazil in 2009

Objetivo estimar a prevalência de Benefícios Auxílio-Doença (BAD) entre trabalhadores do ramo da Construção e a potencial influência do sexo, idade e ramo de atividade no quadro de incapacidade para o trabalho, no Brasil, em 2009. Método estudo transversal de base populacional baseado nos BAD concedidos pela Previdência Social. Do Sistema Único de Benefícios e do Cadastro Nacional de Informações Sociais extraíram-se informações sobre ramo de atividade, sexo, idade, causa clínica e espécie de benefício. A população de estudo correspondeu à média mensal dos vínculos empregatícios declarados em 2009 (1.784.772). Resultados foram concedidos 81.235 BAD, resultando em prevalência de 455,2/10.000 vínculos, com predomínio da espécie BAD previdenciária (Razão de Prevalência [RP] 3,1), do sexo masculino (RP 1,3) e dos ramos de atividade Obras de acabamento, Construção de obras de arte e Obras de terraplenagem. Homens caracterizaram 76,7% mais BAD acidentários que mulheres. As principais causas diagnósticas foram Lesões, Doenças osteomusculares e Doenças digestivas. As categorias clínicas mais prevalentes foram Dorsalgia, Fratura ao nível do punho e da mão, Fratura da perna e Hérnia inguinal. A prevalência aumentou com a idade. Conclusão a prevalência mostrou-se influenciada pela espécie de benefício, ramo de atividade, sexo e idade. Os resultados sugerem potenciais mecanismos de subnotificação/demanda previdenciária. .

Objective to estimate the prevalence of sickness benefits among workers in the construction industry and the potential influence of sex, age and branch of activity within the framework of incapacity for work in Brazil in 2009. Methods a cross-sectional population study based on sickness benefits provided by the Brazilian Social Security. Information about the branch of activity, sex, age, cause and type of clinical benefit of workers was extracted from the Unified Benefits and the National Registry of Social Information. The study population corresponded to the average monthly employment relations declared in 2009 (1,784,772). Results the study population was granted 81,235 sickness benefits, resulting in a prevalence of 455.2/10,000 bonds, predominantly non-work related benefits (Prevalence Ratio [PR] 3,1), male (PR 1,3), and branches of activity: Finishing works, Construction works of art and Earthwork. Men were granted 76.7% more sickness benefits related to work than women. The main causes were Injuries, Musculoskeletal Diseases, and Digestive Diseases. The most prevalent clinical categories were Back pain, Fracture at the wrist and hand, Fracture of the leg and Inguinal hernia. Prevalence increased with age. Conclusion the prevalence of sickness benefits was influenced by the type of benefit, type of activity, age and sex. The results of this study suggest potential mechanisms of underreporting/social security demand. .

Trayectoria de vida de profesionales universitarios con déficit auditivo: estudio exploratorio de aspectos significativos para inclusión laboral / Life trajectories of university graduates with hearing impairments: exploratory study of meaningful aspects to labor inclusion

El presente estudio ha tenido como propósito conocer los aspectos significativos en el proceso de inclusión laboral de dos profesionales universitarios con hipoacusia severa de la Región Metropolitana, por medio de la realización de entrevistas focalizadas en el desempeño laboral, de manera de avanzar en el conocimiento de estrategias que permitan mejorar las oportunidades de empleo para esta población. Es un estudio de tipo exploratorio, retrospectivo y transversal. Para la recolección de datos se diseñó una entrevista semiestructurada, solicitando previamente el consentimiento informado. La entrevista abarca sus trayectorias de vida focalizándola en el desempeño laboral. Se identifican como aspectos significativos las siguientes categorías: familia nuclear, familia de origen, déficit auditivo, desempeño educativo, desempeño laboral y redes de apoyo. En base a éstas se observa la importancia del capital cultural y económico, las estrategias personales para acceder a la información oral, el origen del déficit, el grado de interacción requerido en sus puestos de trabajo actuales, entre otros aspectos.

This study aims to know the meaningful aspects to the process of labor inclusion to two college graduates with several hypoacusis in the Metropolitan Region, through interviews focused on job performance to advance the understanding of strategies to improve employment opportunities for this population. It is an exploratory, retrospective and transversal study. It has designed a semistructured interview, previously requesting informed consent, for to collect the data. The interview covers their life trajectories focuses on job performance. They are identified as respects the following categories: nuclear family, family of origin, hearing loss, educational performance, work performance and their social support network. As a result of the former to emerge the importance of cultural and economic capital, personal strategies to access oral information, the source of the deficit, the degree of interaction required in their current jobs, among others.

Acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: prevalência, duração e despesa previdenciária dos auxílios-doença / Work-related injury and illness in Brazil: prevalence, duration, and incapacity benefit expenditure

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência, a duração e a despesa previdenciária dos benefícios de Auxílio-Doença por Acidente do Trabalho (ADAT) pagos pelo Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) aos segurados empregados no Brasil em 2008. Método: As variáveis ADAT foram estratificadas segundo sexo, idade e agravos categorizados em capítulos da CID-10. Resultado: foram concedidos 306.908 ADAT com prevalência de 94,2 por 10.000 vínculos. Os agravos mais prevalentes foram os do capítulo XIX ? Lesões, envenenamento e algumas outras consequências de causas externas, do XIII ? Doenças do sistema osteomuscular e do tecido conjuntivo, e do V ? Transtornos mentais e comportamentais. A prevalência dos benefíciosfoi maior no sexo masculino (111,2) e na faixa etária ? 40 anos (116,9). A duração média foi de 75 ± 64 dias e a despesa média de R$ 2.181,00 ± 2.769,00, sendo maior para o Capítulo II ? Neoplasias (R$ 5.083,00 ± 5.702,00). A despesa-dia média foi R$ 29,00 ± 18,00, sendo superior para o Capítulo V (R$ 39,00 ± 23,00). A idade ? 40 anos apresentou maior prevalência, duração e despesa entre todos os capítulos, à exceção do XIX, que foi o mais prevalente entre os mais jovens.Conclusão: os dados de ADAT são sugestivos de subcaracterização da relação com o trabalho. A alta prevalência de agravos do Capítulo XIX sugere precariedade das medidas de segurança no trabalho. Homens e mulheres apresentam diferentes perfis de acidentabilidade sem interferência na duração do benefício.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence, duration, and expenditure with workrelatedincapacity benefits (WRIB) of the Brazilian National Institute of SocialWelfare, in 2008. Method: WRIB variables were stratified according to gender, age,and diseases categorized into ICD-10 chapters. Results: There were 306,908 WRIBgranted in 2008, with the prevalence of 94.2 per 10,000 insured workers. The mostprevalent ICD-10 chapters were: XIX - Injury, poisoning and some other externalcause consequences, XIII - Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connectivetissue, and V-Mental and behavioral disorders. The prevalence was higher amongmen (111.2) and those ? 40 years of age (116.9). Benefit was received for 75 ±64 days independently of gender, and the average expenditure was R$ 2,181.00 ±2,769.00, being higher for Chapter II - Neoplasms (R$ 5,083.00 ± 5,702.00). Theaverage daily expenditure was R$ 29.00 ± 18.00, being higher for Chapter V (R$39.00 ± 23.00). Those ?40 years of age were the most prevalent, received benefitsfor the longest period and the highest expenses in all chapters, except in XIX, inwhich the highest prevalence was of younger workers. Conclusion: WRIB datasuggested underreporting of the work-relatedness of diseases. The prevalence ofchapter XIX suggested that work environment safety measures were inadequate.Men and women showed different profiles of work disability; however, there wasno gender difference in the length of benefit.

Evaluación económica de la incapacidad laboral temporal en una institución de salud / Economic assessment of temporary work disability in a health care institution

La seguridad social cubana garantiza una cobertura total a toda la población desde el triunfo de la Revolución. La incapacidad laboral temporal es un aspecto que el sistema actual de seguridad social contempla. El Anexo II de la Resolución Ministerial 176/89 regula la prescripción, por los médicos, de los días de reposo. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de valorar la repercusión económica, para el Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, del pago por los certificados médicos presentados por sus trabajadores en el año 2005. Se realizó una evaluación económica parcial del tipo descripción de costos. Fueron revisados los 224 certificados médicos recibidos en el centro en ese año. Se confrontó la incapacidad laboral temporal prescrita con lo establecido y se cuantificaron las diferencias. Los certificados médicos recibidos prescribieron 523 días màs que lo reglamentado, en términos económicos significó el pago de 4 286,03 pesos por encima de lo estipulado. Se indican màs días de reposo por certificados médicos que lo autorizado por la Resolución Ministerial 176/89. Se considera que el Anexo ll tiene 17 años de emitido y debe ser revisado y ampliado el espectro diagnóstico

Since the triumph of the revolution, Cuban social welfare assures overall coverage to the whole population. Temporary work disability is an issue that the present social welfare system takes into account. Annex 2 to the ministerial resolution no 176 of 1989 stipulates the prescription by physicians of the number of days that an individual under treatment should rest. Objectives To assess the economic impact of the payment of medical leaves submitted by sick workers at the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology in 2005. Partial cost description-type economic assessment was made in which all the 224 medical leaves submitted that year were checked. The prescribed temporary work disability was compared with that of the resolution, and then differences were estimated. Medical leaves prescribed 523 days more than the number set by the law, which economically accounted for the payment of 4 286,03 pesos in excess. The number of rest days prescribed in medical leaves was higher than the number stipulated by the ministerial resolution no 176 of 1989. It was considered that Annex 2 was issued 17 years ago; therefore, the diagnostic range should be reviewed and expanded

Survival Analysis for Prognostic Factors of Occupational Low Back Pain

PURPOSE: The goals of this research are to find out factors influencing the duration of work-related disability and to present implications for policies to prevent delayed recovery. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 238 workers who had been proved to be industrial disaster victims for occupational low back pain between January 1 2000 and December 31 2003. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the proportion of duration of disability associated with low back pain, and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify factors predicting it. The model distinguished main symptom variables affecting acute(90 days). RESULT: Fifty percent of the workers had not recovered in 408 days. The results of Cox regression show that delayed duration of disability was predicted by diagnosis, pain radiation (in chronic phase), sex, the size and labor union of the workplace, scheduled rest, compensation from the company, and operation. CONCLUSION: Duration of disability associated with compensated low back pain is influenced not only by factors related to the company and compensation system but also by individual factors. Thus, future efforts to reduce duration of disability may need to take into account all these factors.