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Objective: Schisandra sphenanthera and S. chinensis are the two important medicinal plants that have long been used under the names of “Nan-Wuweizi” and “Wuweizi”, respectively. The misuse of “Nan-Wuweizi” and “Wuweizi” in herbal medical products calls for an accurate method to distinguish these herbs. Chloroplast (cp) genomes have been widely used in species delimitation and phylogeny due to their uniparental inheritance and lower substitution rates than that of the nuclear genomes. To develop more efficient DNA markers for distinguishing S. sphenanthera, S. chinensis, and the related species, we sequenced the cp genome of S. sphenanthera and compared it to that of S. chinensis. Methods: The cp genome of S. sphenanthera was sequenced at the Illumina HiSeq platform, and the reference-guided mapping of contigs was obtained with a de novo assembly procedure. Then, comparative analyses of the cp genomes of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis were carried out. Results: The cp genome of S. sphenanthera was 146 853 bp in length and consisted of a large single copy (LSC) region of 95 627 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 18 292 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 16 467 bp. GC content was 39.6%. A total of 126 functional genes were predicted, of which 113 genes were unique, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Five tRNA, four protein-coding genes, and all rRNA were duplicated in the IR regions. There were 18 intron-containing genes, including six tRNA genes and 12 protein-coding genes. In addition, 45 SSRs were detected. The whole cp genome of S. sphenanthera was 123 bp longer than that of S. chinensis. A total of 474 SNPs and 97 InDels were identified. Five genetic regions with high levels of variation (Pi > 0.015), trnS-trnG, ccsA-ndhD, psbI-trnS, trnT-psbD and ndhF-rpl32 were revealed. Conclusion: We reported the cp genome of S. sphenanthera and revealed the SNPs and InDels between the cp genomes of S. sphenanthera and S. chinensis. This study shed light on the species identification and further phylogenetic study within the genus of Schisandra.
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Nanwuweizi( Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus) and Wuweizi( Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) have long-term history of use as common traditional Chinese medicines since the Eastern Han Dynasty( AD.25-220 year).However their information are always confused in ancient literature because they were both used as " Wuweizi". Nanwuweizi and Wuweizi are faced with problems such as confused distribution of producing areas,unclear source plants and efficacy characteristics,which limit modern resource development and application. Based on ancient literatures of materia medica,this study conducted a systematic review from several aspects,i.e. the name,distribution of producing areas,source plants,efficacy characteristics and processing of the two medicines in ancient time. This study clarified five main aspects,as following,ancient production areas and corresponding modern distribution areas; source plants used for medicinal purposes in ancient time; application period and application scope; efficacy characteristics in clinical application;processing method. This study provides a reference for evaluating the quality and for their clinical application and reasonable development of Nanwuweizi and Wuweizi.
Asunto(s)
China , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/historia , Medicina de Hierbas/historia , Historia Antigua , Materia Medica , Medicina Tradicional China , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales , SchisandraRESUMEN
Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint and analyze the correlation of Schisandrae Fructus (SF), intermediate, and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup. Methods: The HPLC method was used with the condition that the column was ACE5-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm); The mobile phase was eluted with gradient by acetonitrile-water; The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; The column temperature was 30℃; The detection wavelength was set at 218 nm. Results: The content was determined and the fingerprint was established for SF from Changbai Mountain, intermediate, and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup; Eighteen common peaks of SF and 12 common peaks in intermediate and finished products of Wuweizi Syrup were marked. The chemical composition and content in ten batches of SF from Changbai Mountain were stability; The similarity from the same manufacturer, but different batches of the intermediate and finished product is greater; The correlation between medicinal materials and intermediates as well as finished products is better. Conclusion: The established fingerprints have better reproducibility, which can be used for the quality control of Wuweizi syrup with good precision, accuracy, and reproducibility.
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Objective To observe the effect of ShenQi Wuweizi Tablet (Tablet composed of pilose asiabell root, astragalus root, and schisandra fruit) on anxiety before college entrance examination.Methods Totally 227 patients were randomized into a treatment group (113 cases, treated with Shenqi Wuweizi Tablet, 3 tablets each time and 3 time a day), and a control group (114 cases, treated with alprazolam, 0.4 mg each time and 3 times a day). The treatment course was 6 weeks for both groups. Before treatment and at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th week of treatment, the clinical effect was assessed with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). And at the same time, the untoward reactions was also observed.Results At the end of the 1st week of treatment, the HAMA score was significantly decreased in the control group (P
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Objective: To establish a new method for the identification of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill. (Beiwuwei) and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. (Nanwuwei). Methods: Random amplified polymorphic DNA method was applied to screen random primers. Results:Screening from 80 primers,only S429, which can be used to identify Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill.(Beiwuwei) and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. (Nanwuwei) accurately and is of good reproducibility. Conclusion: S429 can be used to identify Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill. (Beiwuwei) and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. (Nanwuwei) accurately.