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Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect of Xiangdan injection （XDI） and Qingkailing injection （QKLI） in the treatment of inflammation and thrombosis animal model based on changes of thrombus， inflammatory indexes， organ function， and pathological changes. Method:A total of 100 male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group， a model group， XDI groups （2.5， 5 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， QKLI groups （5， 10 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>）， and XDI + QKLI groups ［（2.5+5） mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>，（2.5+10） mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>，（5+5） mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>，and （5+10） mL·kg<sup>-1</sup>］ according to the body weight， with 10 rats in each group. Rats were treated correspondingly by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 4 days. The normal control group and the model group received normal saline. On the second day of administration， the model was induced in rats except those in the normal control group. Specifically， 25 mg·kg<sup>-1 </sup>carrageenan was injected intraperitoneally into the rats， followed by an injection of 50 μg·kg<sup>-1</sup> lipopolysaccharide （LPS） through the tail vein 16 hours later. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection， the rats were detected for liver index， kidney index， the number of platelets （PLT）， thrombus length， and biochemical indicators such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， alkaline phosphatase （ALP）， creatinine， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6） and tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of heart， liver， lung， and kidney， as well as the grading of organ injury. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased PLT， lengthened thrombus in the tail， increased liver index， elevated content of ALT， ALP， BUN， IL-6， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， and damaged liver， lung， and kidney tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the conditions in the model group， XDI at 5 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup> reduced serum ALT and ALP in rats （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， QKLI at 5 and 10 mL·kg<sup>-1 </sup>reduced serum levels ALT and ALP， and TNF-<italic>α </italic>content<italic> </italic>（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. XDI at 5 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup> or QKLI at 10 mL·kg<sup>-1</sup> relieved the LPS-induced lung injury （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， the combination of XDI and QKLI decreased the levels of ALT， AST， ALP， and TNF-<italic>α， </italic>and the effect was predominant in the combination of XDI and QKLI at 5 and 10 mL·kg<sup>-1 </sup>（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Additionally， the length of the tail thrombus was significantly shortened （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the degree of lung injury was also reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. The serum levels of ALT and BUN， TNF-<italic>α</italic> content， and liver index of rats were reduced after the combination of XDI and QKLI as compared with those in the single drug groups at the same dose （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:XDI or QKLI can improve or inhibit organ function， organ injury， and inflammatory response in the rat model of inflammation and thrombosis. The combination of the two drugs shows a synergistic effect in reducing the length of venous thrombus， improving liver and kidney function， inhibiting inflammatory factors， and protecting lung， liver， kidney， and other organs.
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OBJECTIVE To construct a network of active components-effect target of xiangdan injection and the network of protein interaction,to analyze the functions and pathways involved in the targets,and to investigate its mechanism of multicomponent-multitarget-multipathway in the treatment of coronary heart disease. METHODS The main active components in xiangdan injection, such as danshensu, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid D, tanshinone ⅡA, protocatechuic aldehyde,rosmarinic acid,and oxidated nerolidol were used as the research object to predict targets of active components in xiangdan injection on the basis of reverse docking server (PharmMapper),to screen the targets for the treatment of coronary heart disease through the human genome annotation database (GeneCards), to construct active ingredients-target disease network using Cytoscape 3.5.1 software, to construct target protein protein interaction(PPI) network using STRING platform,and to analyze the target GO biological process and KEGG metabolic pathway using biological information annotation database (DAVID). RESULTS Eight pharmacodynamic components of xiangdan injection act on ACE, HSP90AA1, AKT1, NOS3, F2, F7 and other 257 potential targets for coronary heart disease,which mainly related to the 13 signaling pathways and 12 biological processes. CONCLUSION The main active ingredient of xiangdan injection could treat the coronary heart disease by PPAR, complement and coagulation cascades, HIF-1, estrogen signaling pathway, play a role of anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-hypoxia, anti-apoptosis and regulating hormones.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the cost of Xiangdan injection and Danshen chuanxiongqin injection in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease,and to provide reference for rational and economic drug selection. METHODS:42 inpatients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease were divided into Xiangdan injection group(group A,20 cas-es) and Danshen chuanxiongqin injection group (group B,22 cases). Two groups were given conventional symptomatic treatment according to the specific clinical situation;on this basis,group A was given Xiangdan injection 20 ml intravenously,qd;group B was given Danshen chuanxiongqin injection 10 ml intravenously,qd,for 14 d. Clinical efficacy and the occurrence of ADR were compared between 2 groups,and cost-minimization analysis was conducted. RESULTS:After treatment,total effective rate of group A and B was 95.00% and 95.45%,without statistical significance(P>0.05);there was also no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR (P>0.05). The costs of 2 groups were equal in addition to the cost of drugs. According to cost-minimization analysis,the drug cost of group A was 77.28 yuan and total cost was 705.88 yuan;the drug cost of group B was 1 310.40 yuan and total cost was 1 939.00 yuan;the drug cost and total cost of group A were far more less than that of group B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). The results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with it. CONCLUSIONS:The cost of Xiangdan injection is lower and more economical than that of Danshen chuanxiongqin injection in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease.
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Objective To observe effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with Xiangdan injection in henoch schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN)and influence of the clotting mechanism,providing reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods 76 cases of children with allergic purpura nephritis were randomly divided into control group(n=38)and observation group(n=38)according to the random number table.Control group was given Xiangdan injection treatment.Observation group was given Xiangdan injection treatment combined with tripterygium glycoside.12 weeks was considered as a course of treatment. Results After treatment,the total efficiency rate in treatment group(94.74%)was significantly higher than control group(68.42%),which was statistically different(P <0.05).Before treatment,prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(FIB),activated partial thromboplastin time(APPT),platelet(PLT)levels were not significantly different between two groups;FIB and PLT levels in the control group were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05 ),PT and APPT had no statistically significant difference before and after treatment.After treatment in observation group,FIB and PLT levels were significantly lower than before treatment(P<0.05 ),PT level was significantly higher compared with before treatment(P<0.05 ),APTT level had no difference before and after treatment.After treatment,PT in treatment group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05 ),PLT in treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P <0.05 ),FIB and APTT had no statistical difference.There was no adverse reaction in two groups after treatment.Conclusion Tripterygium glycosides combined with Xiangdan injection treatment for HSPN has significant effect,which affect the children clotting mechanism to improve the PT,FIB,PLT levels.It is safe and valuable in clinical research.
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Objective To discuss the features and general patterns of adverse drug reaction (ADR) of Xiangdan injection, and provide reference for clinical safe medication. Methods The author retrieved 73 cases about ADR of Xiangdan injection in domestic medicine journals from 2002 to 2012, collected and analyzed the information about patients’ general conditions, medicine dosage and solvent, ADR happening time, clinical manifestations, and prognosis. Results The main clinical manifestation of ADR was anaphylactic shock, with the incidence rate of 46.58%(34/73), and the happening time was mainly within 30 minutes after the patients received Xiangdan injection (46/73, 63.01%). Conclusion TCM injection should be used properly. At the same time, clinical medication monitoring should be strengthened, with a purpose to reduce and avoid ADR of Xiangdan injection.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of reduced glutathioue plus Xiangdan injection for anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic lesion. METHODS:A total of 75 patients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatic lesion were randomly divided into two groups:38 cases (trial group) were assigned to receive reduced glutathioue (1.2 g) that was added into normal saline(250 mL) by iv gtt q.d plus Xiangdan injection (20 mL) that was added into 10% glucose injection (250 mL) q.d by iv gtt;37 cases(control group)received potassium magnesium injection (20 mL)which was added into 10% glucose injection(250 mL) q.d by iv gtt. After treatment for 4 weeks,the liver function parameters and the total effective rates in two groups were measured. RESULTS:Compared with control group,the liver function had a significantly better improvement in trial group (P
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Objective To explore the relationship between acute coronary syndrome(ACS) and inflammation , and to observe the short-term effect of Xiangdan Injection(XI) in treating ACS and on inflammatory markers.Methods One hundred and twenty cases of ACS were randomized into two groups: 90 cases in treatment group and 30 in control group. All of the patients received the routine treatment, and the treatment group treated with XI additionally. The therapeutic effect was observed and plasma contents of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?) were detected before and after treatment.Results The effect of treatment group was better than that of the control group(P
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Objective: To establish a determination of bacterial endotoxin in Xiangdan Injection by kinetic-turbidimetric technique. Methods: The sample diluted times without interference was found out by adding bacterial endotoxin into sample and determining recovery ratio. Results: When the sample was diluted 40-times, the interference of sample to limulus test was eliminated efficiently. Conclusion: The method can be applied to determine the bacterial endotoxin quantitatively in Xiangdan Injection.
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Objective:To study the fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Methods : HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the patterns of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Protocatechuic aldehyde was used as internal standard substance. Results : The fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection was set up and the fingerprint of them showed an excellent correlation. Conclusion : The study is helpful for the quality control of Xiangdan Injection.