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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yangxue-Qingnao granule combined with ligustrazine injection in the treatment of wind-phlegm entering collaterals syndrome of cerebral infarction. Methods:A total of 96 patients with cerebral infarction and wind-phlegm entering collaterals syndrome to Suixi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected and randomly divided into two groups by random number table method, with 48 in each group. The control group was given intravenous ligustrazine injection, and the observation group was given Yangxue-Qingnao granule on the basis of the treatment of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 2 weeks. TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the degree of neurological impairment, and the Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) was evaluated. To evaluate the patient's quality of life, to detect the high-shear viscosity, low-shear viscosity and plasma viscosity of whole blood with an automatic hemorheology instrument. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.8% (46/48) and that of the control group was 70.8% (34/48). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( χ2=9.08, P<0.01). After treatment, the TCM syndrome score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=3.51, P<0.01), the NIHSS score was significantly lower than that of the control group ( t=34.41, P<0.001), and the ADL score was significantly higher than that of the control group ( t=57.88, P<0.01). After treatment, the observation group's whole blood high shear viscosity [(5.04 ± 0.93)mPa?s vs. (5.64 ± 1.13)mPa?s, t=2.84], whole blood low shear viscosity [(11.32 ± 1.74)mPa?s vs. (13.39 ± 2.23)mPa?s, t=5.07] and plasma viscosity [(1.51 ± 0.33)mPa?s vs. (1.73 ± 0.47)mPa?s, t=2.65] of the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Yangxue-Qingnao granule combined with ligustrazine injection can improve the neurological status and quality of life of patients with cerebral infarction syndrome of wind-phlegm entering the collaterals, and improve the clinical efficacy.
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ObjectiveTo observe the variation in content of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD） and to investigate efficacy of Yangxue Qingnao granule on AD and the effect on VEGF. MethodA total of 60 patients with cognitive impairment ［30 of AD and 30 of amnestic mild cognitive impairment （aMCI）］ were selected， and another 30 healthy people with Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）≥26 and age， gender， and complications insignificantly different from the patients were included as healthy control. The venous blood of aMCI group， AD group， and the healthy control group was collected at the enrollment to measure the level of serum VEGF. Then， the aMCI and AD patients were randomized into the observation group and the control group， with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given Donepezil Hydrochloride （5 mg·d-1）， while the observation group received Donepezil Hydrochloride （5 mg·d-1） and Yangxue Qingnao granule. MoCA was used to evaluate the severity of cognitive impairment. After the treatment for 6 months， the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared， and the serum VEGF levels were detected again by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultThe serum content of VEGF in AD patients was significantly lower than that in aMCI patients and healthy people （P<0.05）. Serum VEGF levels in aMCI patients were significantly decreased compared with those in healthy people （P<0.05）. After treatment for 6 months， the serum VEGF level in the observation group was significantly higher than that before treatment， and was higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）. MoCA scores in the observation group were higher than those in control group （P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was insignificantly different between both groups. ConclusionThe serum levels of VEGF significantly decreased in aMCI and AD patients， suggesting that angiogenesis might be involved in the pathophysiological process of AD and correlated with the early stage of AD. Yangxue Qingnao granule， as a safe adjuvant therapy， showed ideal effect on aMCI and AD， as manifested by the improvement of cognitive function. The mechanism is the likelihood that it can elevate the expression of angiogenic factors such as VEGF， promote angiogenesis， and then improve the microcirculation of cortex.
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In order to clarify the chemical constituents in Yangxue Qingnao granule, we established a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLCQ- TOF/MSE) method. According to the high resolution MS spectra data, fragmentation ion information and retention time, 142 peaks were identified or tentatively presumed by comparison with reference standards data and literature reports. The herbal sources of these peaks were assigned. The results implied that phenolic acids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, phthalides, monoterpene glycosides were included in the main components of Yangxue Qingnao granule. The method is rapid for systematically elucidation of the constituents of Yangxue Qingnao granule and the results would facilitate the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao granule for safe and efficacious use.
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Objective To observe dynamic variation of neural precursor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus and effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule on it in vascular dementia rats. Methods 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=24), vascular dementia group (model group, n=24) and Yangxue Qingnao Granule group (treatment group, n=24). The vascular dementia model was estab-lished with modified Pulsineli's four-vessel occlusion. The expression of Nestin was detected with Western blotting, the expression of 5-bro-modeoxyuridine (BrdU) and BrdU/Nestin were detected with immunofluorescence in dentate gyrus of hippocampus 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks af-ter modeling. Results The expression of Nestin, BrdU and BrdU/Nestin increased in the model and treatment groups with time, peaked at 4 weeks after modeling, and it was more than that of the sham group on all the time points (P<0.01). However, it was more in the treatment group than in the model group on all the time points (P<0.01). Conclusion Yangxue Qingnao Granule promotes the proliferation of neural precursor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus in vascular dementia rats.
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@#Objective To investigate the effect of Yangxue Qingnao granule on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in CA1 area of hippocampus in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Methods 144 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham opera-tion group (n=48), VD group (model group, n=48) and Yangxue Qingnao granule treatment group (treatment group, n=48). The VD model was prepared by modified Pulsineli's four-vessel occlusion. The sham operation group and the model group were given normal saline 10 ml/(kg?d) by gavage, and the treatment group was given Yangxue Qingnao granule 3.2 g/(kg?d) by gavage. The expression of GFAP in CA1 ar-ea of hippocampus was detected with immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting method 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after modeling. Re-sults The expression of GFAP in CA1 area of hippocampus was significantly higher in the model group than in the sham operation group (P<0.01), and was lower in the treatment group than in the model group (P<0.05) at every time point. Conclusion Yanxue Qingnao granule could inhibit the activation and proliferation of astrocytes in rats.
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@#Objective To observe dynamic variation of neural precursor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus and effect of Yangxue Qingnao Granule on it in vascular dementia rats. Methods 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=24), vascular dementia group (model group, n=24) and Yangxue Qingnao Granule group (treatment group, n=24). The vascular dementia model was established with modified Pulsineli's four-vessel occlusion. The expression of Nestin was detected with Western blotting, the expression of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and BrdU/Nestin were detected with immunofluorescence in dentate gyrus of hippocampus 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after modeling. Results The expression of Nestin, BrdU and BrdU/Nestin increased in the model and treatment groups with time, peaked at 4 weeks after modeling, and it was more than that of the sham group on all the time points (P<0.01). However, it was more in the treatment group than in the model group on all the time points (P<0.01). Conclusion Yangxue Qingnao Granule promotes the proliferation of neural precursor cells in dentate gyrus of hippocampus in vascular dementia rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Yangxueqingnao Granule on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells and their neuroprotective mechanism after brain ischemia. Methods Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion. Ischemic animals received Yangxue Qingnao Granule at high and low doses at days 3,7, 14,and 21 after MCAO. Neurological score and TTC staining were used to assess the neurological deficits and the volume of cerebral infarction, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Brdu and Nestin expression in the subventricular zone(SVZ)and hippocampal dentate gyrus subgranular zone(SGZ)region. Results The rats in MCAO control group, low dose group and high dose group showed varying degrees of neurological def-icits and the volume of cerebral infarctions. The neurological defect scores and volume of cerebral infarction were signifi-cantly different at different time points in each group ( P<0.01). 2. The mean fluorescence intensity values of Brdu posi-tive cells or the Nestin positive cells in SVZ and SGZ regions were significantly different ( P< 0.01) at different time points after treatment for 3,7,14 or 21 days. The mean fluorescence intensity values of Brdu positive cells or the Nestin positive cells in SVZ and SGZ regions were significant different among low dose group, high dose group and MCAO con-trol group. The mean fluorescence intensity values of Brdu positive cells or the Nestin positive cells in SVZ and SGZ re-gions were significantly different among low dose group, High dose group and control group. High dose group significantly increased the mean fluorescence intensity values of Brdu positive cells or the Nestin positive cells in SVZ and SGZ re-gions. Conculsions Yangxue Qingnao Granule is able to promote the functional recovery and reduce the volume of cere-bral infarction in ischemic rats. Yangxue Qingnao Granule can enhance the proliferation and differentiation of endoge-nous neural stem cells in ischemic rats.
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Objective To explore the effet of Yangxue Qingnao granule (YXQNG) on seizures and cognition function of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled chronic epileptic rats models, expression of Cav3.2 in the hippocampus and the temporal lobe of these rats, and EEG features of the rats. Methods Forty healthy adult male SD rats were equally divided into 4 groups at random: PTZ group, VPA treatment group, VPA+YXQNG treatment group, normal saline (NS)-control group (n=10). PTZ solution was intraperitoneally injected for 8 weeks to induce the kindling model in the above 3 groups except the NS-control group. VPA by intragastric administration was given to the rats in the VPA treatment group 1 h before PTZ injection; YXQNG and VPA by intragastric administration were given to the rats in the VPA+YXQNG treatment group 1.5 h before PTZ injection. Behavioral changes of the rats were observed 8 weeks after PTZ injection; accuracy rate of response of the rats were examined by electric maze test;EEG was performed; and the expression ofT-type Ca2+ channel protein (Cav3.2) in the temporal lobe and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Rats in the PTZ group appeared grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ seizures for 3 consecutive d, and rats in the VPA treatment group, VPA+YXQNG treatment group appeared grade 0-Ⅱ seizures. The accuracy rate of response of the rats in the VPA+YXQNG treatment group was significantly higher than that in the PTZ group (P＜0.05). EEG indicated that paradoxical discharge was noted in rats of PTZ group when seizures appeared, and the total power at the time was obviously higher than that before PTZ injection (P＜0.05). The D-value of total power of EEG in rats of the VPA treatment group and VPA+YXQNG treatment group before and after treatment was significantly higher than that in the PTZ group (P＜0.05). And the level of Cav3.2 in the temporal and hippocampus in rats of the VPA treatment group and VPA+YXQNG treatment group was significantly lower than that in the PTZ group (P＜0.05); as compared with that in the VPA treatment group, the expression of Cav3.2 in the temporal and hippocampus in rats of the VPA+YXQNG treatment group was significantly reduced (P＜0.05). Conclusion The combination use of YXQNG and VPA can decrease the seizure stage, the paradoxical discharge of the brain and the level of Cav3.2 in brain tissue,and improve the cognitive function of the PTZ-kindled rats, indicating that using VAP and YXQNG simultaneously can treat epileptic seizure and protect the neurons.
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Objective To compare the effects of Yangxue Qingnao Granule and Xueshuantong Capsule on abnormal coagulation system in migraine patients. Methods All patients were divided into group A and group B according to sex. Each group contained 60 patients. Yangxue Qingnao Granule and Xueshuantong Capsule was administrated in group A and group B respectively. The adjusting functions of abnormal coagulation system of migraine patients in the two groups were compared.Results Xueshuantong Capsule was better than Yangxue Qinguao Granule in adjusting blood coagulation system (P< 0.05). Conclusion The clinical usage of Xueshuantong capsule has better effect than Yangxue Qingnao Granule on regulating abnormal blood coagulation system.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect and clinical significance of Yangxue Qingnao granules(YQG) on MEP and SPECT of typical migraine patients METHODS:15 typical migraine patients took YQG for 20 days and received MEP before and after treatment,taking 15 healthy volunteers as control 5 patients in treatment group underwent SPECT before and after treatment RESULTS:The stimulating threshold value of MEP before treatment was lower than that after treatment and CMCT was longer than that after treatment The stimulating threshold values of the healthy volunteers had no changes and were higher than those of the typical migraine patients The qualitative analysis of the 5 SPECT showed that hypoperfusion areas occured at varying degrees and perfusion defect had got remarkable improvement after treatment CONCLUSION:YQG can effectively treat typical migraine and control it's attack