Cephalometric comparison of dentofacial parameters between Yemeni and Caucasian adults / Comparação cefalométrica de parâmetros dentofaciais entre adultos iemenitas e caucasianos

Objective: The purposes of our research were to establish cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults and to compare them with those of the Caucasians. Material and Methods: 100 Yemeni students (fifty males, mean age of 23.6 ± 2.1 years, and fifty female, mean age of 21.5 ± 3.1 years) with normal occlusions and well-balanced faces were involved in the study. Inclusion criteria were a class I occlusion with minor or no crowding, the whole teeth is present except third molars and no previous orthodontic, orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery treatment. Five angular and eighteen linear measurements were used for the skeletal, dental and soft tissue analysis. All participant's Lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. The average values and standard deviations for all the angles and linear measurements were determined. The differences for each measurement between the Yemeni and Caucasian participants were calculated using unpaired t­tests. Results: Yemeni subjects had a more retrognathic mandibular positions (P< 0.05), protrusive mandibular incisors (P< 0.01), more protruded lip positions (P < 0.01), deeper mentolabial sulci (P< 0.01) and a steeper mandibular planes (P< 0.001) compared to the Caucasians. Yemeni females had a larger lower face height than Caucasian females (P< 0.001). Conclusions The study provides specific standards for Yemeni adults and shows that the Yemenis had different skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric standards in comparison with Caucasians (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo de nossa pesquisa foi estabelecer padrões cefalométricos para adultos iemenitas e compará-los com os caucasianos. Material e Métodos: Cem estudantes iemenitas (cinquenta homens, idade média de 23,6 ± 2,1 anos, e cinquenta mulheres, idade média de 21,5 ± 3,1 anos) com oclusões normais e faces bem equilibradas foram envolvidos no estudo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: oclusão de classe I com pouco ou nenhum apinhamento, todos os dentes presentes, exceto terceiros molares e sem histórico de tratamento ortodôntico, ortopédico ou cirurgia maxilo-facial prévio. Cinco medidas angulares e dezoito lineares foram utilizadas para a análise esquelética, dentária e de tecidos moles. Todas as radiografias cefalométricas laterais dos participantes foram avaliadas. Foram determinados os valores médios e desvios padrão para todos os ângulos e medidas lineares. As diferenças para cada medição entre os participantes iemenitas e caucasianos foram calculadas usando testes t não pareados. Resultados: Os indivíduos iemenitas tinham posições mandibulares mais retrognáticas (P <0,05), incisivos inferiores protrusivos (P <0,01), posições dos lábios mais protuberantes (P <0,01), sulcos mentolabiais mais profundos (P <0,01) e planos mandibulares mais inclinados (P <0,001) em comparação com os caucasianos. As mulheres iemenitas tinham uma altura facial inferior maior do que as mulheres brancas (P <0,001). Conclusão:O estudo fornece padrões específicos para adultos iemenitas e mostra que os iemenitas apresentaram padrões cefalométricos esqueléticos e dentoalveolares diferentes em comparação com os caucasianos. (AU)

Frequency of Gallbladder Stones Among Patients Underwent Abdominal Ultrasound in a Tertiary Hospital in Sana’a City, Yemen

@#Introduction: The Gallbladder stone (GBS) disease is most commonly asymptomatic that may lead to several complications such as ascending cholangitis and obstructive jaundice. In this study the frequency of gallbladder stones among patients referred for abdominal ultrasound at the University of Science and Technology hospital (USTH), Sana’a – Yemen, have been estimated during the period between January and June 2013. Methods: This study is a record-based and conducted at the radiology department in USTH, on cases underwent abdominal ultrasound during the period from January – June 2013. Information were collected from abdominal ultrasonography reports. Results: In this study 4935 patients’ records are included. Of them, 2541 were males and 2394 were females. The frequency of patients with GBS was 5.53%. Multiple stones were observed in 3.57% of patients and 4.34% patients had large stones with size ≥ 5 mm. Females had significantly higher frequency of GBS (8.0%: 191/2394) than males (3.2%: 82/2541) (P < 0.001). It was found that, no significant difference between males and females in harboring small stones (< 5mm) (P = 0.251). However, significantly higher frequency of large GBS (≥ 5 mm) was found among females compared to males (P < 0.001). The frequencies of GBS, small size of GBS and large size of GBS have significantly increased with increasing age (P < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study it was found that females had significantly higher frequency of GBS than males. No significant difference between males and females in harboring small stones. There was a significantly higher frequency of large GBS was found among females compared to males. The frequencies of GBS, small size of GBS and large size of GBS have significantly increased with increasing age.

Associations of Sociodemographic Factors and Body Image With Body Weight Status Among Yemeni Adolescents in Selangor and Putrajaya, Malaysia

@#Introduction: Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition in Yemen, little is known on malnourished Yemeni adolescents in Malaysia. This study aimed to assess the body weight status among Yemeni adolescents in Malaysia and its association with sociodemographic factors and body image. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 364 Yemeni adolescents aged between 12 to 18 years were recruited from four schools in Selangor and Putrajaya, Malaysia. Sociodemographic factors and body image data were collected through face to face interview. Height and body weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.6%, with 5.2% of thinness. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that a family income greater than RM5,001 (OR = 3.77, p = 0.004), body shape dissatisfaction (OR = 3.54, p = 0.001) and perception of overweight/obesity (OR = 5.75, p = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of being overweight and obese. Whereas a positive perception of underweight (OR = 0.23, p = 0.009) was found to be a significant protective factor against overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity are prevalent among Yemeni adolescents in Malaysia. These findings highlight the need for regular weight status assessments amongst adolescents. Additionally, an obesity intervention program that incorporates body image perception may improve the children’s body weight status.

Prevalence of melanin pigmentation in a yemeni population and its relation to some risk factors / Prevalência de pigmentação da melanina em uma população iemenita e sua relação com fatores de risco

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of melanin pigmentation in a sample of Yemeni population and its relation to some possible risk factors. Material and Methods: This crosssectional study was performed on 440 patients attending a private clinic. Printed questionnaires were introduced to the patients and a clinical examination was performed for each patient. The questionnaire included questions regarding demographic data, and questions regarding some common habits such as smoking, khat chewing and consuming of hot drinks. Melanin pigmentation was assessed regarding its presence, most affected areas and the numbers of affected quadrants. The data were managed and analyzed using SPSS software program. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were performed and the associations of melanin with risk factors were evaluated at P value < 0.05. Results: Four hundred and forty patients with mean age 29 ± 8.21 years were included in the study. Of them, 67.5% were fair-skinned, 26.8% were smokers, 48.2% were khat chewers and 33.6% were hot drinks consumers. The prevalence of melanin pigmentation was 62.7%, with class I represented 56.5% of cases. Males showed more prevalence (67.9%) of melanin pigmentation than females (57.7%) with no significant difference. Results also showed more prevalence of melanin pigmentation in patients > 25 years, and darkskinned patients. Regarding habits, smoking, khat chewing and hot drink consumption habits showed significant associations with melanin pigmentation. Whereas the association of khat chewing and hot drinks alone with melanin pigmentation showed no significant relationship with melanin pigmentation while, the merge effects of khat chewing and smoking habits together with melanin pigmentation showed significant relationship with melanin pigmentation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Yemeni people had high prevalence of melanin pigmentation with more prevalence of CL I type. Males, patients > 25 years and dark-skinned patients showed more prevalence of melanin pigmentation. Smoking, khat chewing and hot drinks consuming habits had significant associations with melanin pigmentation.(AU)

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a prevalência de pigmentação da melanina em uma amostra da população iemenita e sua relação com alguns possíveis fatores de risco. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 440 pacientes atendidos em uma clínica particular. Cada paciente respondeu a um questionário impresso e passou por um exame clínico. O questionário incluía perguntas sobre dados demográficos e questões sobre alguns hábitos comuns, como fumar, mastigar khat e consumir bebidas quentes. A pigmentação da melanina foi avaliada quanto à presença, áreas mais afetadas e número de quadrantes afetados. Os dados foram gerenciados e analisados no programa SPSS. Foi realizada estatística descritiva e inferencial e as associações de melanina com fatores de risco foram avaliadas com valor de p 25 anos e pacientes de pele escura. Quanto aos hábitos, tabagismo, mascar khat e consumo de bebida quente apresentaram associação significativa com a pigmentação da melanina. Enquanto a associação de mascar khat e bebidas quentes isoladamente não mostrou relação significativa com a pigmentação de melanina, enquanto os efeitos da associação dos hábitos de mascar e fumar khat juntamente com pigmentação por melanina mostraram relação significativa com a pigmentação por melanina. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que o povo iemenita apresentou alta prevalência de pigmentação por melanina, com maior prevalência do tipo CL I. Homens, pacientes> 25 anos e pacientes de pele escura apresentaram maior prevalência de pigmentação da melanina. O hábito de fumar, mascar khat e consumir bebidas quentes teve associações significativas com a pigmentação da melanina. (AU)

Factors Associated With Fall Injury At Home Among Children Under 5 Years Old In Yemen

Falls are the most common injury causing death or long term disability particularly among children. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of the unintentional injuries due to falls in children aged less than five years in Yemen. This cross sectional study enrolled a total of 439 children under five years old from the emergency department of 6 hospitals in Sana'a city. Multistage sampling was used to select six hospitals from public and private sectors in Sana'a city. Face to face interviews were conducted by using a structured questionnaire. Simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were used in the analysis. The prevalence of falls among children under five years old was 21.2%. In the multivariate analysis, factors associated with falls among children were young mother (aOR= 0.9, 95% CI 0.81-0.91), working of mother (aOR= 4.5 95% CI 2.40-7.65), frequent family social gatherings (aOR= 2.7, 95% CI 1.54-4.61), number of children at home (aOR= 2.6, 95% CI 1.43-4.64), chewing khat by father (aOR= 2.4, 95% CI 1.38-4.10), presence of staircase in the house (aOR= 2.1, 95% CI 1.24-3.70), number of rooms at home (aOR= 2.2, 95% CI 1.17-3.99) and disabled children (aOR= 3.3, 95% CI 1.20-9.27). In the study, socio-economic and cultural factors such as family gathering and chewing khat were associated with home fall injury among children under 5 years old in Yemen. Health promotion program should take place to reduce the occurrence of fall injury.