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Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the active fractions of Tongfeng granules on rats with arthritis induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. Methods 56 SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups, blank group, model group, total flavonoids group, total organic acid group, total alkaloid group, Tongfeng granule group and positive control group. Except for the blank group, the remaining 6 groups established joints pathological model of inflammation. 15 days after the successful modeling, intragastric drug administration was continued for 30 days. The swelling of ankle joint, WBC, N%, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and the histopathology of joint were measured. Results Comparing with the model group, each effective fraction group of Tongfeng granules, Gout granules and positive control group decreased the ankle joint swelling rate significantly (P<0.01) and reduced fibrous tissue proliferation. There was no significant difference in WBC and N% of neutrophils. They significantly reduce the level of serum IL-6 and TNF-α, and increase the level of IL-10 (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion This study clarifies the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of active fractions of Tongfeng granules and provides a basis for further clinical medication and preparation development.
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Objective To compare the hepatoprotective effects of different extracts in root of Gardenia jasminoides including ethanol extract, petroleum ether fraction, ethyl acetate, chloroform extract, n-butanol extract, and surplus water extract on the jaundice hepatitis mice by the partial least squares (PLS) method and multi index comprehensive evaluation method. Methods Setting up two groups of high and low doses (9 and 3 g/kg) in different extraction sites in root of G. jasminoides respectively, and administered to the stomach for 7 d. Copying a icteric hepatitis model of mice by alpha naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in 5th d. Then, the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartic transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonic dialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) activity were determinated in serum and liver, and pathological changes were observed in mouse liver by HE stain, total hepatoprotective effect of the different extracts in root of G. jasminoides was compared by PLS and multi index comprehensive evaluation method. Results In addition to the high dose group of petroleum ether and low dose group of chloroform, the different extracts in root of G. jasminoides were improved on some indexes or multiple indicators to an extent and compared with the model group, the pathological damage of liver tissue was alleviated obviously, multi index comprehensive evaluation showed that the high dose group of ethyl acetatein root of G. jasminoides had the best hepatoprotective effect. Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract in root of G. jasminoides have better inhibitory effect on icteric hepatitis, and the high dose group of ethyl acetate has the best effect, which may be the active site of liver protection, and mechanism may be related to improving the ability of eliminating oxygen free radical, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and enhancing bile bilirubin metabolism and secretion.
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Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effective fractions from Cayratia japonica. Methods: The acute inflammatory models, such as xylene-induced ear edema, egg white-induced paw edema, and the chronic inflammatory model granuloma induced by cotton pellet implantation, were used in researching the inflammatory effects of the different fractions from C. japonica by ig administration. Meanwhile, the analgesic effects of the different fractions from C. japonica were observed by hot plate and acetic acid writhing test. Results: Compared with the model group, high-and low-dose water fraction and water extract could significantly inhibit ear edema in mice (P<0.05, 0.01) and paw edema in rats (P<0.05, 0.01). Also, water fraction and water extract decreased the granuloma of rats (P<0.01). Moreover, after the treatment with high-and low-dose petroleum ether fraction and water extract, the pain threshold with hot plate method was significantly prolonged (P<0.05, 0.01) compared with the model group and the data before the drugs administration. The writhing number was reduced after administration (P<0.01) compared to the model group. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory effect of C. japonica mainly locates in the water fraction, and the analgesic effect is mainly the petroleum ether fraction.
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Objective:To screen the active fractions from purple sweet potatoes containing flavonoids with insulin resistance impro -ving ability.Methods:L6 cell model with insulin resistance was established .The extracting solutions with different polarity of purple sweet potato flavonoids were used to affect the model .The residual glucose concentration in insulin resistant L 6 cells was observed and compared before and after the intervention .Results:The residual glucose concentration of total flavonoids extracting solution , butanol extracting solution at middle and high dose , and chloroform extracting solution at all doses of purple sweet potato were lower than that of IR group (P<0.05).Conclusion:The total flavonoids extract, chloroform extracting solution and butanol extracting solution of purple sweet potato can improve insulin resistance in L 6 cells.
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This study was aimed to evaluate the effects ofYao-Tong-Ning Capsule (YTNC) whole formula, dissembled YTNC formulas, and their active fractions on cell proliferation, immunity, anti-inflammation and osteocytes repair. According to the formulating principle of YTNC and combinatorial chemistry concepts, six samples were prepared by combining different active fractions. Half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) or half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were applied to evaluate the effects of samples on promoting the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophage (Ana-1) cells, on inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 in Ana-1 cells, on promoting the cell proliferation induced by IL-1β and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis, on influencing synoviocytes proliferation induced by IL-1β, and on promoting the secretion of IL-6, respectively. The interactions among the active fractions in these samples were investigated by comparing the additive EC50 (or IC50) values with their experimental EC50 (or IC50). The results showed that pharmacological activities of the six samples were different in the same cell model. Some pharmacological activities of a few dissembled YTNC formulas were superior or significantly superior to the YTNC whole formula. However, the YTNC whole formula was good at promoting cell immunity, anti-inflammation and osteocytes repair. The YTNC’s vehicle Chinese rice wine played an important role on strengthening the activity of YTNC. It was concluded that the synergistic effects between active fractions in YTNC were the material foundation that YTNC had comprehensive efficacy of strengthening immunity, anti-inflammation and promoting osteocytes repair.
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Objective: To evaluate the in vitro effects of different combinations of the active fractions in Yaotongning Capsule (YTNC) on anti-inflammation, immunity, and activating blood circulation, and the interactions among these active fractions. Methods: Six samples were prepared by adding flavonoids, saponins, volatile oils/aqueous extracts, and polysaccharides, which were extracted from the material medicines in YTNC, to the alkaloids of Strychnos nux-vomica (Ma Qian Zi) and Ephedra sinica (Ma Huang) in turn according to the formulating principle of YTNC, combination chemistry concept, and their importance in the formula. The effects of the six samples on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in Ana-1 cells, concanavalin (ConA)- induced interleukin-2 (IL-2) in splenocyte, and nitrogen monoxide (NO) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were explored by detecting their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) or half-maximal effective concentration (EC50). An innovative method based on least square optimization was applied to calculate the additive IC50/EC50 value of each sample. The interactions of the active fractions in these samples were investigated by comparing the additive IC50/EC50 values with the corresponding experimental IC50/EC50 values. Results: All the six samples could inhibit the production of PGE2 and promote the secretion of IL-2 in the investigated concentration range. Only sample III consisting of the alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins from YTNC had the EC50 value of promoting NO production. Moreover, the sample also displayed excellent activities in the three models of LPS-induced PGE2 production, ConA-induced IL-2 production, and NO production, which could reflect the capability of anti-inflammation, enhancing the body's immunity, and activating blood circulation, respectively. Different combination of the active fractions from YTNC produced the different interaction types in the three models. And the active fractions in sample III, i.e., the alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins from YTNC, generated high synergistic effects in all the three models. Conclusion: All the six samples derived from the different combination of the active fractions from YTNC show the good activity of inhibiting PGE2 production and promoting IL-2 secretion. Therefore, the YTNC formula is reasonable and has good activity of anti-inflammation and immunity. However, the YTNC formula still could be improved by reducing the categories of its active fractions because the combination of the alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins exerted better activities than the other samples and the three kinds of active fractions produced an excellent synergistic effect in all the three models. Synthetically evaluating various activities of YTNC in the present work may lead to develop new Chinese materia medica for rheumatic arthralgia treatment, which is more effective and easily controllable in quality.
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Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of the various active fractions in Tongfeng Granule on gouty arthritis, gouty hyperuricemia with renal protection. Methods: The swelling models of ankle and voix pedis in rats were induced by microcrystal monosodium urate (MSU) and the hyperuricemia model in rats was induced by adenine and ethambutol. The swelling rate, blood uric acid (UA) level, creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, and kidney indexes of rats were measured to screen antigout active fractions in Tongfeng Granule. Results: Fraction A (mainly consisting of flavonoids, alkaloids, and organic acids) in Tongfeng Granule showed the significant effect on gouty arthritis, gouty hyperuricemia with certain renal protection; It could significantly reduce the foot swelling rate (P < 0.01) and the contents of UA, Cr, and BUN in rats (P < 0.01); But compared with the model group, there was no significant difference in kidney indexes. Conclusion: Of all the fractions, fraction A has the highest inhibitory effects on inflammation and UA.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the active fractions from Antipyretic analgesics powder.METHODS:The active fractions were extracted from Antipyretic analgesics powder by supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction technique,separated and purified by molecular distillation(MD) technique.The active fractions were selected with the analgesic effect as index.RESULTS: The active fractions obtained showed remarkable analgesic effect.CONCLUSION: The result serves as a theoretic basis for the development of the active fractions-based new drugs.
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Objective To explore the anticoagulating active components in water extraction, alcohol sedimentation and fraction separated by gelfiltration chromatography of Bombyx Batryticatus. Methods Anticoagulating active fractions were prepared by the methods of water extraction, 70% alcohol sedimentation and gelfiltration chromatography. Components (such as porteins or polypeptide, amino acids, oxalic acid ammonium) in each fraction were determined by chemical reaction indentification, Kjeldahl method, conductance, UV and HPLC. Results Polypeptide, amino acids and oxalic acid ammonium were the main components in anticoagulating active fractions, content of which reached more than 80%. The content of oxalic acid ammonium decreased about 52% processed by alcohol sedimentation, while the content of polypeptide and amino acids only decreased about 8%. The content of peptides and amino acids increased about 28% purified by gelfiltration chromatography compared with the one in water extraction and about 39% compared with the one in alcohol sedimentation. The content of oxalic acid ammonium was the same as the one in alcohol sedimentation, but decreased about 1 time compared with the one in water extraction. The content of 15 kinds of amino acids were 40%～50% in the solids of each fractions, which maked up to 60%～76% of the content of proteins determined by Kjeldahl method. Molecular weight range of peptides is 1.0～4.4 kDa. Conclusion This study provides a experimental basis for further separation and purification of anticoagulating active components from Bombyx Batryticatus.
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[Objective] To find the method of pharmacokinetics experiment about Huanglianjiedu Decoction.[Methods] According to references about pharmacokinetics experiments on Huanglianjiedu Decoction,the article summarized the achievements in quantitative analysis,the influence of distill techniques and pharmacokinetics on indict components in Huanglianjiedu Decoction.This article attached importance to applying the technologies of PK-PD modeling and Data Mining in research of Chinese traditional medicine compound.[Conclusion] The pharmacokinetics study on Huanglianjiedu Decoction is just in the first step; thereby further studies will be taken on this decoction in order to reveal the active fractions and effect mechanism.
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The basic information,including the number of applications,dosage forms,indications,structure types,purification processes,medicinal materials,period of clinical trials,and dealing conclusions for registration of active fractions in Chinese materia medica(CMM) during 2004-2007,was analyzed.The numbers of registration for clinical trials and applications for production during 2004-2007 were 202 and 23,respectively.It could be found that the numbers of registrations of active fractions in CMM declined obviously since 2005 and the dosage form,indication,and purification process of those applications showed a trend of the relative concentration.From aspect of the stage conclusions,the rate of "not to approve" of applications for clinical trials and production were 48.0% and 8.7%,respectively.So,it could be concluded that the studies on the selection of dosage form,indication,and purification process of active fractions in CMM should be further strengthened.