Novel Mutations in a Patient with Triple A Syndrome.

Background: Triple A syndrome (Allgrove syndrome), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, achalasia cardia and alacrimia. It is caused by mutations in AAAS gene which encodes a protein called ALADIN. Case characteristics: 8-year-old boy who presented with hypoglycemic seizures, dysphagia, dry eyes and hyperpigmentation. Investigations confirmed achalasia cardia and adrenal insufficiency. Sequencing of AAAS gene revealed two novel mutations in compound heterozygous state (c.1101delG/ c.1310_1311delCT). Outcome: Patient was managed with hydrocortisone and artificial tears. Message: Sequencing analysis should be done to confirm the diagnosis of clinically suspected Triple A syndrome.

Allgrove (Triple A) Syndrome: A Case Report from the Kashmir Valley

Allgrove (Triple A) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cardinal features of adrenal insufficiency due to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) resistance, achalasia, and alacrimia. It is frequently associated with neurological manifestations like polyneuropathy. Since its first description by Allgrove in 1978, approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report an 18-year-old boy diagnosed as having Allgrove syndrome, with ACTH resistant adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrimia, and severe motor polyneuropathy. Alacrimia was the earliest feature evident at the age of 8 years. He presented with achalasia and adrenal insufficiency at 12 and 18 years respectively and developed neurological symptoms in the form of severe muscle wasting at the age of 15 years. Patients with Allgrove syndrome usually manifest adrenal insufficiency and achalasia during first decade of life. Our patient manifested adrenal insufficiency and achalasia in the second decade and manifested neurological dysfunction before adrenal dysfunction.

Allgrove (AAA) Syndrome.

This is the first reported case of Allgrove Syndrome in Paediatric Department, S. C. B. MCH in a six years old male child who presented with convulsion and altered sensorium. He had no tears since birth, dysphagia with regurgitation of food and later developed skin hyperpigmentation. Allgrove syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by progressive loss of cholinergic function resulting in alacrimia, achalasia cardia, addison’s disease and autonomic neuropathy. Early diagnosis will lead to significant reduction of morbidity and mortality which is usually due to unrecognized adrenal crisis.

Síndrome de Allgrove: informe de casos / Allgrove syndrome: cases report

El síndrome de Allgrove fue descrito en 1978 por Allgrove et al. como una entidad familiar de origen desconocido caracterizada por deficiencia aislada de glucorticoides, acalasia esofágica y producción defectuosa de lágrimas, por lo que ha sido denominado síndrome triple AAA (adrenal insufficiency, achalasia, alacrima); por lo general aparece durante la primera década de la vida con disfagia o con crisis suprarrenal severa; son pocos los casos diagnosticados de novo en los adultos en quienes predominan síntomas autonómicos y manifestaciones neurológicas como retardo mental, hiperreflexia, voz nasal, anisocoria, ataxia, hipotensión postural y disfunción sexual. En la consulta de Endocrinología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín se han identificado 5 pacientes con las características clínicas propias del síndrome. Todos mostraron alacrimia e insuficiencia suprarrenal y sólo en uno de los pacientes la acalasia aún no se ha diagnosticado pero la sintomatología que presenta es muy sugestiva de la misma; la alteración neurológica más común en esta serie es el retraso mental. La edad media de aparición de la alacrimia es 3.8 años, de la insuficiencia suprarrena 4.7 años y de la acalasia 7.2 años. Un hallazgo interesante y poco informado es el hipotiroidismo, que es subclínico en tres pacientes, permanente en uno y transitorio en otro.

The Allgrove syndrome (also known as Triple A syndromes), was described by Allgrove et al. in 1978 as a familiar clinical entity of unknown etiology whose characteristic features are adrenal insufficiency, achalasia and alacrima. The usual presentation is during the first 10 years of life with dysphagia or severe adrenal insufficiency, few new cases have been discovered in adults, whose autonomic symptoms and neurological manifestations such as mental retardation, hyperreflexia, nasal speech, anisocoria, ataxia, postural hypotension and sexual dysfunction are predominant. At the Pediatric Endocrinology Service of Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl, Medellín, Colombia, 5 patients have been identified with the clinical features of Allgrove syndrome. All patients have showed both alacrima and adrenal insufficiency. Achalasia has not been diagnosed in one patient, whose symptomatology is highly suggestive to the syndrome. Mental retardation is the most frequent neurological alteration seen. The mean age of presentation for alacrima was 3.8 years, for adrenal insufficiency was 4.7 years and for achalasia was 7.2 years. An interesting finding and occasionally reported is the presence of hypothyroidism, which is subclinic in three patients, transient hypothyroidism in one patient and clinical hypothyroidism in the other one.