Aloin inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and migration by suppressing the STAT3/HMGB1 signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of aloin on the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells.@*METHODS@#Human gastric cancer MGC-803 cells treated with 100, 200 and 300 μg/mL aloin were examined for changes in cell viability, proliferation and migration abilities using CCK-8, EdU and Transwell assays. HMGB1 mRNA level in the cells was detected with RT-qPCR, and the protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3 were determined using Western blotting. JASPAR database was used to predict the binding of STAT3 to HMGB1 promoter. In a BALB/c-Nu mouse model bearing subcutaneous MGC-803 cell xenograft, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of aloin (50 mg/kg) on tumor growth was observed. The protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3 in the tumor tissue was examined using Western blotting, and tumor metastasis in the liver and lung tissues was detected using HE staining.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with aloin concentration-dependently inhibited the viability of MGC-803 cells (P < 0.05), significantly reduced the number of EdU-positive cells (P < 0.01), and attenuated the migration ability of the cells (P < 0.01). Aloin treatment dose-dependently down-regulated HMGB1 mRNA expression (P < 0.01), lowered the protein expressions of HMGB1, cyclin B1, cyclin E1, MMP-2, MMP-9 and p-STAT3, and up-regulated E-cadherin expression in MGC-803 cells. Prediction based on JASPAR database suggested that STAT3 could bind to the promoter region of HMGB1. In the tumor-bearing mice, aloin treatment significantly reduced the tumor size and weight (P < 0.01), lowered the protein expressions of cyclin B1, cyclin E1, MMP-2, MMP-9, HMGB1 and p-STAT3 and increased the expression of E-cadherin in the tumor tissue (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Aloin attenuates the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3/HMGB1 signaling pathway.

Aloin improves TGF-β induced renal tubular epithelial cell fibrosis by activating Nrf2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of aloin, an aloe extract,on fibrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) induced by TGF-β and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods The experiment included a control group,TGF-β induced group,TGF-β + Aloin 50 or 100 μmol • L

Aloin attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress

Objective: To investigate the effect of aloin against chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: Group Ⅰ (normal control), Group Ⅱ (sham-operated), Group Ⅲ (CCI control) and Group Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, and Ⅶ, which underwent CCI surgery and then were administered with aloin (5 mg/kg, p.o.; 25 mg/kg, p.o.; 125 mg/kg, p.o.) and gabapentin (50 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively for 14 days. Peripheral neuropathy was induced by silk ligatures (4-0) loosely placed around the sciatic nerve. Nociceptive thresholds against mechanical stimuli (Von-Frey filaments) and thermal stimuli (12 ℃ and 40 ℃) were measured at mid-plantar paw region ipsilateral to the compressed nerve on day-3, 7, 11, and 14. The concentration of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β was estimated at day-7. At day 14, motor nerve conduction velocity was determined under urethane anesthesia (1.25 g/kg). Oxidative stress parameters (malondiadehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were estimated in sciatic nerve homogenates at day 14. Representative nerve samples were processed for histological investigations. Results: Aloin significantly reduced CCI-induced mechanical and thermal allodynia. It also improved motor nerve conduction velocity and decreased oxidative stress in nerve tissues. In addition, it decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and restored the histoarchitecture of compressed sciatic nerve. Conclusions: Aloin mitigates CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the afflicted sciatic nerve.

Aloin attenuates chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress

Objective: To investigate the effect of aloin against chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (sham-operated), Group III (CCI control) and Group IV, V, VI, and VII, which underwent CCI surgery and then were administered with aloin (5 mg/kg, p.o.; 25 mg/kg, p.o.; 125 mg/kg, p.o.) and gabapentin (50 mg/kg, p.o.), respectively for 14 days. Peripheral neuropathy was induced by silk ligatures (4-0) loosely placed around the sciatic nerve. Nociceptive thresholds against mechanical stimuli (Von-Frey filaments) and thermal stimuli (12 °C and 40 °C) were measured at mid-plantar paw region ipsilateral to the compressed nerve on day-3, 7, 11, and 14. The concentration of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β was estimated at day-7. At day 14, motor nerve conduction velocity was determined under urethane anesthesia (1.25 g/kg). Oxidative stress parameters (malondiadehyde, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) were estimated in sciatic nerve homogenates at day 14. Representative nerve samples were processed for histological investigations. Results: Aloin significantly reduced CCI-induced mechanical and thermal allodynia. It also improved motor nerve conduction velocity and decreased oxidative stress in nerve tissues. In addition, it decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and restored the histoarchitecture of compressed sciatic nerve. Conclusions: Aloin mitigates CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the afflicted sciatic nerve.

Desarrollo de una bebida energizante con pulpa de maracuyá, cristales de aloe vera, panela y propiedades antioxidantes / Development of an energy drink with passion fruit pulp, aloe vera crystals, panela and antioxidant properties

RESUMEN En los últimos años, la demanda de productos saludables se ha venido incrementando, con lo cual, muchas investigaciones se han focalizado hacia la producción de alimentos y bebidas con potencial nutracéutico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una bebida energizante, a base de panela, jugo de maracuyá, cristales de aloe vera (AV), con propiedades antioxidantes. Se evaluó el contenido de compuestos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico y la capacidad antirradicalaria de las materias primas y las bebidas producidas. Se realizó un análisis sensorial, para verificar la aceptación del sabor, color, textura del AV y la aceptabilidad global de tres bebidas, seleccionadas de acuerdo con sus propiedades antioxidantes. Los resultados mostraron que la panela tenía el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos (59,4 ± 0,2mg AGE/g), mientras que el jugo de maracuyá, la mayor actividad antirradicalaria (657 ± 5µg eq AA/mL). Las bebidas analizadas dentro del diseño experimental variaron su actividad antioxidante, con la variación de los factores. De las tres bebidas seleccionadas, la bebida 2 presentó la mayor capacidad antirradicalaria (419 ± 1µg eq AA/mL) y contenido de vitamina C (15,75 ± 0,03µg/mL) y, además, un importante contenido de compuestos fenólicos (7,6 ± 2mg AGE/mL). Asimismo, los resultados del panel sensorial mostraron que la bebida 2 tenía una alta aceptabilidad global y una mayor aceptación del sabor, por lo cual, se puede concluir que esta bebida, es la que presenta mayor potencial antioxidante y comercial.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the demand for healthy products has been increasing, so much research has focused on the production of foods and beverages with nutraceutical potential. The aim of this work was to develop an energy drink, based on panela, passion fruit juice and aloe vera (AV) crystals with antioxidant properties. The content of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and the anti-radical capacity of the raw materials and beverages produced were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed, to verify the acceptance of taste, color, AV texture and overall acceptability of three beverages, selected according to their antioxidant properties. The results showed that panela had the highest content of phenolic compounds (59.4 ± 0.2mg AGE/g), while passion fruit juice had the highest anti-radical activity (657 ± 5µg eq AA/mL). The beverages analyzed within the experimental design varied in their antioxidant activity with varying factors. Of the three drinks selected, drink 2 had the highest anti-radical capacity (419 ± 1µg AA eq/mL) and vitamin C content (15,75 ± 0,03µg/mL) and also a significant content of phenolic compounds (7,6 ± 2mg AGE/mL). Likewise, the results of the sensory panel showed that beverage 2 had a high overall acceptability and a greater acceptance of the taste, so it can be concluded that this drink is the one with the greatest antioxidant and commercial potential.

Aloin Protects Against Blood-Brain Barrier Damage After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Aloin is a small-molecule drug well known for its protective actions in various models of damage. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced cerebral edema from secondary damage caused by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) often leads to an adverse prognosis. Since the role of aloin in maintaining the integrity of the BBB after TBI remains unclear, we explored the protective effects of aloin on the BBB using in vivo and in vitro TBI models. Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent controlled cortical impact injury, and mouse brain capillary endothelial bEnd.3 cells underwent biaxial stretch injury, then both received aloin treatment. In the animal experiments, we found 20 mg/kg aloin to be the optimum concentration to decrease cerebral edema, decrease disruption of the BBB, and improve neurobehavioral performance after cortical impact injury. In the cellular studies, the optimum concentration of 40 μg/mL aloin reduced apoptosis and reversed the loss of tight junctions by reducing the reactive oxygen species levels and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential after stretch injury. The mechanisms may be that aloin downregulates the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, the activation of p65 nuclear factor-kappa B, and the ratios of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-associated X protein/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3. We conclude that aloin exhibits these protective effects on the BBB after TBI through its anti-oxidative stress and anti-apoptotic properties in mouse brain capillary endothelial cells. Aloin may thus be a promising therapeutic drug for TBI.

Aloin induces apoptosis regulating the activation of MAPKs signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of aloin on apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells and explore the molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gastric cancer MKN-28 and HGC-27 cells were cultured routinely in 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% non-essential amino acids (for HGC-27 cells) and treated with different concentrations of aloin for different durations. The cell viability, cell nuclear morphology, and apoptotic rate of the cells were detected using CCK-8 assay, DAPI staining and AnnexinV-FITC/PI, respectively; Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of PARP, procaspase 3 and the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. The cells were treated with specific inhibitors of p38, ERK and JNK, and the inhibitory effects on these pathways were detected with Western blotting; DAPI staining was used to detect the effects of inhibitors on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Aloin dose-dependently inhibited the viability and induced apoptosis of HGC-27 and MKN-28 cells. Alion treatment obvious enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK but decreased ERK phosphorylation in the cells. Blocking ERK activation with the ERK inhibitor obviously enhanced aloin-induced cell apoptosis, where inhibiting p38 and JNK activation partly reversed alion-induced apoptosis in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Aloin induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells by activating p38 and JNK signaling pathways and inhibiting ERK signaling pathway.</p>

Content determination of aloin in Jiehong-Dieda gel paste by HPLC / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish thecontent determination of aloin in Jiehong-Dieda gel paste. Methods The chromatographic column was Kormasi C18 (4.60 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase was methanol water (45:55) with a rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was set at 355 nm and the column temperature was 30 . ℃ Results Under such condition, the content of aloin was in a good linear relationship within the range of 0.22-1.10 μg(r=0.999 9),and the average recovery was 97.98%(RSD=1.36%).Conclusions The method developed is simple, re1iable and good reproducible. The measurement results can be used as the quality control basis for the preparation process study of Jiehong-Dieda gel paste.

Inhibitory effects of aloin on growth activity and hemolytic toxin expression of Staphylococcus aureus / 临床检验杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of aloin on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and its virulence factors α-hemolysin in vitro.Methods Broth dilution was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of water-soluble aloin on S.aureus.Agar drilling method was used to observe the size of inhibition zone of aloin for S.aureus.Plasma coagulase test was used to detect the changes of S.aureus coagulase and absorbance was measured to detect the changes of hemolytic activity when S.aureus was exposed to aloin.Real time PCR was used to detect the effects of aloin on the expressions of hla and agrA mRNA.Results The soluble aloin inhibited the growth of S.aureus in a dose-dependent manner.The inhibition zone diameter of a standard strain of S.aureus (ATCC 25923) was 21.5 mm with MIC of 12.5 mg/mL and 17 mm for the clinical isolate SA1.5 with MIC of 15 mg/mL.After treated with soluble aloin,the coagulase titers of ATCC 25923 were 16,4 and 2 for 1/2 MIC,1 MIC and 2 MIC respectively compared with titer 32 of the control group without soluble aloin.The expression of α-hemolysin of S.aureus ATCC 25923 was down-regulated by soluble aloin and the hemolytic activity of S.aureus ATCC 25923 with 1/2 MIC,1 MIC and 2 MIC groups were (77.4 ±3.41) ％,(42.2 ± 2.4) ％ and (38.7 ± 2.4) ％ respectively.The expression levels of hla were 0.020 3 (0.019 6,0.028 8),0.011 6(0.010 6,0.013 1) and 0.033 7(0.020 2,0.042 9) respectively in the 1/2 MIC,1 MIC and 2 MIC group respectively,and there were significant differences among the three groups (H =16.807,P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of agrA was 0.074 6 (0.066 2,0.098 2),0.020 8 (0.012 2,0.032 6) and 0.021 3 (0.010 2,0.029 6) in the 1/2 MIC,1 MIC and 2 MIC group respectively,and there were significant differences among the three groups (H =16.320,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Aloin may inhibit the growth of S.aureus and could effectively inhibit the expression of α-hemolysin.

Anthraquinone Glycoside Aloin Induces Osteogenic Initiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells: Involvement of MAPK Mediated Wnt and Bmp Signaling

Osteoporosis is a bone pathology leading to increased fracture risk and challenging the quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an anthraquinone glycoside, aloin, on osteogenic induction of MC3T3-E1 cells. Aloin increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an early differentiation marker of osteoblasts. Aloin also increased the ALP activity in adult human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSC), indicating that the action of aloin was not cell-type specific. Alizarin red S staining revealed a significant amount of calcium deposition in cells treated with aloin. Aloin enhanced the expression of osteoblast differentiation genes, Bmp-2, Runx2 and collagen 1a, in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that noggin and inhibitors of p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK signals attenuated aloin-promoted expressions of Bmp-2 and Runx2 proteins. siRNA mediated blocking of Wnt-5a signaling pathway also annulled the influence of aloin, indicating Wnt-5a dependent activity. Inhibition of the different signal pathways abrogated the influence of aloin on ALP activity, confirming that aloin induced MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts through MAPK mediated Wnt and Bmp signaling pathway.

Determination of aloin of compound aloe ointment by HPLC / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To establish a method for the determination of aloin of compound aloe ointment. Methods HPLC method was used with Agilent Zorbax-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)column and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.08%Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate (22∶78). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min,the column temperature was 30 ℃, and the UV detector was set at 355 nm. Results The linear ranges of aloin was 0.037~0.74 mg/ml(r=0.999 8). The average recovery of aloin was 98.7%. Conclusion The method is simple, repeatable and accurate, it can be applied in quantitative determination of aloin in compound aloe ointment.

HPLC Determination of Aloin and Aloeemodin in Barbodos Aloe / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To isolate and determine Aloin and Aloeemodin in Barbodos Aloe by ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Br) solution as the extraction solvent. Methods The separation was performed on Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with detection wavelength of 360 nm. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-0.3% acetic acid solution (65∶35) with the flow rate of 0.80 mL/min, and the column temperature at 35 ℃. Results The calibration curves for Aloin and Aloeemodin were liner within 0.000 336-1.68 μg (r=0.999 96) and 0.000 608-3.04 μg (r=0.999 76), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 06 ng/mL and 0.262 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery was 95.99% and 95.80%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive, low cost and environment-friendly, thus it provides an effective means for assaying anthraquinones in Barbodos Aloe.

Obtención de Antraquinona contenida en el exudado de Aloe Vera (L.) Burm. f. (Zábila) / Anthraquinone obtention from Aloe Vera (L.) Burm. f. Exudate

La investigación tuvo como propósito obtener la antraquinona contenida en el exudado de Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (zábila) mediante el método de cristalización y su identificación mediante la técnica de espectrofotometría de radiación infrarroja. La muestra la conformaron 18 plantas de zábila, recolectadas al oeste de la ciudad Santa Ana de Coro, estado Falcón. Se utilizaron tres métodos para la obtención de antraquinona a partir del exudado de zábila. En el método A, la antraquinona se obtuvo por descenso de la temperatura; en el método B, las muestras fueron liofilizadas y luego se disminuyó la temperatura; y en el método C, la antraquinona se obtuvo mediante un modificador de matriz. Con el método A se obtuvo un rendimiento de antraquinona de 7,65 ± 4,62% p/p; con el método B 5,74 ± 3,25 % p/p y con el método C 25,93 ± 1,49% p/p. El mayor rendimiento de antraquinona se obtuvo con el método de precipitación mediante modificador de matriz.

The purpose of this wok was obtain the anthraquinone from Aloe vera exudate applying method by crystallization and identifies it through spectrophotometric infrared and ultraviolet- visible techniques. The sample were 18 plants of Aloe vera, recollected at west of Coro city, Falcón state. It was used 3 methods to obtain anthraquinone from Aloe vera exudate. In the method A, anthraquinone was obtained by temperature descend; in the method B, the samples were lyophilized and temperature descends; and in the method C, anthraquinone was obtained by matrix modifier. With the method A it was obtained 7,65 ± 4,62% w/w of anthraquinone; with method B 5,74 ± 3,25 % w/w and with the method C 25,93 ± 1,49% w/w. The method with the best efficiency to obtain anthraquinone was the method C.

Single- and repeated-dose toxicities of aloe fermentation products in rats / 한국실험동물학회지

In this study, aloe fermentation products were derived from mycelia from 3 mushrooms: Ganoderma lucidum (AG), Hericium erinaceum (AH), and Phellinus linteus (AP). Levels of aloin A and B increased with fermentation time. The highest levels were measured on the fifth day of fermentation. beta-Glucan levels decreased with fermentation time. The safety of aloe fermentation products were examined in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered the three aloe fermentation products at dose levels of 1, 2 or 5 g/kg for single-dose toxicity test and 0.5, 1, or 2 g/kg for repeated-dose toxicity test. There were no significant differences in body weight gain between vehicle control and AG-, AH- or AP-treated rats. Also, significant changes in daily feed intake and water consumption were not observed. In hematological analysis, none of the parameters were affected by aloe fermentation products with mushroom mycelia. This suggests that there are no negative effects on homeostasis and immunity. In blood biochemistry analysis, none of the markers were affected by feeding rats with AG, AH or AP. Similarly, there were no significant effects on markers for liver, kidney, skeletal and heart muscle functions. No remarkable lesions were observed in these organs at histopathology. Since there were no adverse effects of AG, AH and AP in single- or repeated-dose toxicity tests, even at higher doses than normal, we conclude that the aloe fermentation products with mushroom mycelia possess long-term safety and could be candidates as multifunctional nutrients for the improvement of intestinal function and immunity.

Isolation and Purification of Isoaloeresin D and Aloin from Aloe vera by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography / 中草药·英文版

Objective To develop an efficient method to isolate and purify the main components isoaloeresin D and aloin from Aloe vera for its industrial production. Methods High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to isolate isoaloeresin D and aloin in a one-step separation from dried crude extract ofA. vera. The biphasic solvent system the lipophilic phase was selected as the mobile phase and the apparatus was rotated at 840 r/min. The effluent was detected at 254 nm. Results Isoaloeresin D (53.1 mg) and aloin (106.9 mg) were separated from the crude extract (384.7 mg) with the purities of 98.6% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusion HSCCC is a powerful technique for isolation and separation of chemical composition from aloe.

Intestinal absorption of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin; A comparative study using two in vitro absorption models

Aloe products are one of the top selling health-functional foods in Korea, however the adequate level of intake to achieve desirable effects are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine the intestinal uptake and metabolism of physiologically active aloe components using in vitro intestinal absorption model. The Caco-2 cell monolayer and the everted gut sac were incubated with 5-50 micrometer of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin. The basolateral appearance of test compounds and their glucuronosyl or sulfated forms were quantified using HPLC. The % absorption of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin was ranged from 5.51% to 6.60%, 6.60% to 11.32%, and 7.61% to 13.64%, respectively. Up to 18.15%, 18.18%, and 38.86% of aloin, aloe-emodin, and aloesin, respectively, was absorbed as glucuronidated or sulfated form. These results suggest that a significant amount is transformed during absorption. The absorption rate of test compounds except aloesin was similar in two models; more aloesin was absorbed in the everted gut sac than in the Caco-2 monolayer. These results provide information to establish adequate intake level of aloe supplements to maintain effective plasma level.

Plasma, tissue and urinary levels of aloin in rats after the administration of pure aloin

Aloin is a physiologically active anthraquinone present in aloe. There are two isomers of aloin, aloin A and aloin B, occurring as a mixture of diastereomers. The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability and tissue distribution of aloin. Rats were gavaged with 11.8g/kg aloin, and the levels of aloin and its conjugates were measured in plasma, tissues, and urine. Plasma aloin level showed a peak at 1hr after the administration and the concentration was 59.07+/-10.5 ng/ml. The 24 h cumulated urinary aloin was 0.03% of the initial dose. These results suggest that aloin is absorbed and reaches a peak plasma level within 1-1.5 h after the administration and a significant portion is possibly metabolized or is excreted in feces. These results can apply to the determination of the adequate intake level of aloe and aloe products to achieve the desired biological effect, and to interprete in vitro study results.

Effect of Aloin on Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Synthesis of HaCat Cells Irradiated by Ultraviolet B / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of aloin on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) synthesis of HaCat cells induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Methods The proliferation of HaCat cells was measured by MTT method. iNOS mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). NO production was assessed by spectrophotometric method, and expression of NF-kB P65 was measured by immunofluorescent staining. Results After irradiation with 30 mJ/cm~2 of UVB, proliferation of HaCat cells was decreased, and NO generation and iNOS mRNA synthesis in HaCat cells were increased. UVB irradiation could also activate the expression of NF-kB P65 and promote its translocation into nucleus. NO generation and iNOS mRNA synthesis were markedly down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner by pre-treatment with different concentrations of aloin. The activation of NF-kB P65 was inhibited while the proliferation of HaCat cells was increased. All the difference reached statistical significance (P

Monomers of Aloin,Cinnamic Acid and Sophocarpidine Acting as Potent Inhibitors of Tyrosinase / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of monomers of aloin, cinnamic acid and sophocarpidine on the acitivity of tyrosinase,so as to provide depigmenting agents in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders and cosmetics additives as well. Methods Tyrosinase activity was estimated by measuring the oxidation rate of DL dopa. The inhibitory pattern of each monomers was determined according to their Lineweaver Burk curve as compared to controls. Results Aloin,cinnamic acid and sophocarpidine down regulated the activity of tyrosinase. The inhibitory rates were significantly higher in cinnamic acid group(2 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L), aloin group (2 mmol/L)and sophocarpidine group than those in hydroquinone group (0.5 mmol/L)(P

Structural analysis and aloin determination in leaves of Aloe arborescens at different leaf age / 中草药

Object To explore the content of aloin in the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill at different leaf age and its difference reason Methods The aloin content was determined by HPLC and anatomical structure of the leaves was studied with semi thin section Results The aloin content declines and the volume of large parenchymatous cell in vascular bundle atrophies from top to bottom with leaf growth in the same plant Conclusion The above results may provide references of the best time for collecting the leaves of A arborescens