Correlation analysis between vital capacity, pulmonary ventilation and morphological parameters among children living in different altitude areas / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the correlation between vital capacity, pulmonary ventilation and morphological parameters among children living in different altitude areas, so as to provide a reference basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for high altitude illness. Methods From January 2019 to June 2020, primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 15 years old were randomly selected from three different altitude areas, which were Xining (2 260m, low altitude group), Haixi (2 900m, medium altitude group), and Yushu (4 493m, high altitude group), respectively. The vital capacity, pulmonary ventilation and morphological parameters of the selected children were recorded. Results The vital capacity, pulmonary ventilation and morphological parameters showed statistically significant difference among three groups (P<0.05). The vital capacity and pulmonary ventilation were positively correlated with lung volume, but negatively correlated with lung density and lung artery diameter (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that there were three factors affecting children's vital capacity and lung ventilation: mean lung density, total lung transverse diameter, and total lung volume (P<0.05). Conclusion The monitoring of lung morphological indexes, mean lung density, total lung transverse diameter, and total lung volume can effectively judge children's lung function, and have certain value in the prevention and treatment of related high-altitude illness.

Diversity of Soil Cyanobacteria in Relation to Dominant Wild Plants and Edaphic Factors at Western Saudi Arabia

The study aims at evaluating cyanobacterial diversity along altitudinal gradient with respect to various edaphic factors at western Saudi Arabia. Thirty-one cyanobacteria species belonging to 17 genera were isolated and identified along the different sites of the study area. Nostoc and Spirulina had the highest number of species in the study area (four species each), followed by Chroococcus and Oscillatoria (two species each). The number of colonies had positive correlation with organic matter and phosphates. The application of the two-way indicator species analysis to the data set of the percentage presence of 31 cyanobacteria species in 40 stands resulted in agglomerating of 6 groups (communities) at 4th level of classification. The application of the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) indicates reasonable segregation between these groups .The application of CCA on the cyanobacteria communities and environmental variables indicated that some cyanobacteria species are correlated positively with total number of associated plants, TSS and phosphates such as Woella saccata Wolle, Chroococcus minor Lemm, Chroococcus majore Lemm, Microcystis areuginosa, Smith Anabaena spiroides Lemm and Nostoc muscorum Agard, while others are negatively correlated with organic matter, chlorides, pH, EC, clay and silt such as Oscillatoria limosa Bory, Synchococcus sp., Spirulina major Kutz and Lyngbya borgertii Lemm. It is worthy to mentioned that, the soil samples dominated by Commicarpus sinaicus Meikle, Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth &Hook. f. ex A. Gray, Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Boiss., Acacia tortolis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi and Morettia parviflora Boiss. had no cyanobacteria species.

Study on PSA oxygen generating technology with variable frequencies,constant pressure and self-adaptivity to altitude changes / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To provide technical support for developing portable and carrying PSA medical oxygen generators under variable altitudes. Methods Based on the operation principle of PSA technology, the effects of altitude on the performance capacity of series of PSA medical oxygen generators were analyzed. PSA oxygen generating technology was explored with an inlet system with variable frequencies and constant pressure. The problems due to the introduction of the converter were discussed during studying key technologies, and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly. Trials were executed with 1.2 Nm3/h generator taken as an example. Results The PSA medical oxygen generator developed met the requirements of corresponding standards of medical molecular sieve oxygen generator at the altitudes from 0 to 4451 m. Conclusion The PSA oxygen generator has its adaption altitude enhanced significantly.

Sensory analysis of four cultivars of coffee (Coffea arabica L.), grown at different altitudes in the San Martin region - Peru / Avaliação sensorial de quatro cultivares de café (Coffea arabica L.), cultivadas em altitudes diferentes da região San Martín - Peru

ABSTRACT: Sensory characteristics were evaluated such as aroma, taste, aftertaste, acidity, body, consistency, balance, cleanliness of the cup, sweetness and beverage quality of four coffee cultivars (Catuaí, Caturra, Pache and Catimor) harvested from two different attitudes [sic: altitudes] (800-1000 and 1000-1200 meters above sea level) in the Province of San Martin - Peru. The focus of this research was to look for significant differences between sensory characteristics evaluated by 05 professional coffee-tasters certified by the Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera y de Servicios Oro Verde. Ripe cherries were hand-picked, wet processed with natural fermentation and last of all submitted to solar drying. The roasting and grinding procedures followed those specified by the Specialty Coffee Association of America. The coffee-tasters evaluated the sensory attributes on a scale of 6-10 for each criterion. Our results suggested that the sensory quality of Pache and Caturra coffee beans increases the higher the altitude they are cultivated. Although, there is no significant difference between altitudes, the interaction between these two varieties and altitude favors a greater gain in beverage quality as well as aroma, flavor and acidity for the Caturra variety.

RESUMO: Foram avaliados atributos sensoriais como aroma, sabor, sabor residual, acidez, corpo, consistência, equilíbrio, xicara limpa, doçura e qualidade de xicara de quatro cultivares (Catuaí , Caturra, Pache e Catimor) de café coletados sobre duas elevações (800-1000 e 1000-1200 metros de altitude) no Departamento de San Martín - Peru. O foco da pesquisa foi encontrar diferenças significativas entre os atributos sensoriais avaliados por 05 baristas certificados pela Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera y de Servicios Oro Verde. Cerejas maduras foram colhidas de forma artesanal, processadas pela via húmida com fermentação natural e finalmente exposta a uma secagem solar. As condições de torrado e moagem foram seguidas de acordo aos procedimentos da Specialty Coffee Association of America. Os baristas avaliaram os atributos sensoriais numa escala de 6-10 para cada. Nossos resultados sugerem que os grãos de café pache e caturra aumentaram sua qualidade sensorial à medida que as plantas são crescidas a maior altitude, embora não exista diferencia significativa entre altitudes, a interação entres estas duas variedades com a altitude favorece a ganhar maior qualidade de xícara, assim como aroma, sabor, acidez para a variedade caturra.

Registros de altitud de mosquitos anofelinos (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) del Municipio Gran Sabana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela, y nuevos datos altitudinales de importancia / Altitude records for anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) from the Gran Sabana municipality, Bolivar State, Venezuela, and new relevant altitudinal data

En el presente trabajo se reportan las respectivas altitudes para mosquitos de la tribu Anophelini (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) del Municipio Gran Sabana, estado Bolívar, Venezuela. Se señalan nuevos registros de altitudes en el país para Chagasia ablusa Harbach, Chagasia bonneae Root y doce especies del género Anopheles. La Gran Sabana cubre una superficie de cerca de 18.000 km², con altitudes que varían de 750 m a 1.450 m. La mayor parte de las tierras altas de la misma, presenta un clima característico de bosques húmedos sub-montanos siempre verdes, con temperaturas promedio anual que oscilan entre 18ºC y 24ºC, con un promedio de precipitación anual entre 2.000 y 3.500 mm, y un corto periodo seco que ocurre entre los meses de Diciembre y Marzo.

Altitude records for mosquitos in the tribe Anophelini (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) from the Gran Sabana municipality, Bolívar State, Venezuela are reported. New altitude registers include Chagasia ablusa Harbach, Chagasia bonneae Root and 12 species of Anopheles. The Gran Sabana is an undulating grass-dominated upland savanna covering an area close to 18,000 km², with altitudes ranging from 750 m to 1,450 m. Most of the Gran Sabana highlands have a humid submontane climate, with average annual temperatures ranging between 18ºC and 24ºC, and average annual rainfall between 2,000 and 3,500 mm. It has a very short dry season occurring from December to March.

Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Soil Fungi of High Altitudes of Eastern Himalaya

Fifty three fungi isolated from soils of different microhabitats of eastern Himalayan range (3,400~3,600 msl) were screened for mycosynthesis of silver nanaoparticles (AgNPs) and their efficacy as antimicrobials were assessed in combination with commonly used antibiotics. Three isolates Aspergillus terreus SP5, Paecilomyces lilacinus SF1 and Fusarium sp. MP5 identified based on morphological and 18S rRNA gene sequences were found to synthesize AgNPs. These nanoparticles were characterized by visual observation followed by UV-visible spectrophotometric analysis. The AgNPs synthesized by Aspergillus terreus SP5, Paecilomyces lilacinus SF1 and Fusarium sp. MP5 showed absorbance maxima at 412, 419, and 421 nm respectively in the visible region. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph showed formation of spherical AgNPs of 5~50 nm size. The antimicrobial activity of the mycosynthesized nanoparticles were investigated alone and in combination with commonly used antibiotics for analysis of growth inhibition zone against test organisms, namely, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC96, Streptococcus pyogenes MTCC1925, Salmonella enterica MTCC735 and Enterococcus faecalis MTCC2729. The mycosynthesized nanoparticles showed potent antibacterial activity and interestingly their syngergistic effect with erythromycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin was significantly higher as compared to inhibitions by AgNPs alone. The present study indicates that silver nanoparticles synthesized using soil borne indigenous fungus of high altitudes show considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigation for potential applications.

Desempenho de cultivares de soja na região centro-sul do Estado do Tocantins ­ safra 2007/08 / Performance of soybean cultivars in south-central region of the state of Tocantins - safra 2007/08

Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento de dezessete linhagens de soja em diferentes regiões de Estado do Tocantins (Central e Sul) foram conduzidos dois ensaios no ano agrícola 2007/08, sendo um na Área Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT no município de Palmas-TO e outro na Área Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT no município de Gurupi-TO. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com 34 tratamentos e três repetições, instalados em um esquema fatorial 17 X 2, constituído por dezessete cultivares de soja (CD 219RR, M-SOY 8585RR, M-S0Y 8787RR, M-SOY 8925RR, M-SOY 9056RR, P98R31, P98R62, P98R91, P98Y51, P99R01, TMG103RR, TMG106RR, TMG108RR, TMG115RR, TMG117RR, TMG121RR e BRSMG Valiosa) e duas localidades (Gurupi e Palmas). Foram avaliadas as características: altura de vagem; número de dias para o florescimento; número de dias para a maturação; altura das plantas e produção de grãos. Houve efeito significativo da interação local x cultivar para todas as características, exceto para número de dias para o florescimento. Os cultivares BRSMG Valiosa, M-SOY 8585 RR e TMG 106 RR alcançaram as maiores médias de produção.