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Purpose: To observe the photoreceptor anomalies in cases of ametropic amblyopia. Methods: A prospective study with 25 isoametropic amblyopic children in the age group of 5–14 years and 25 age?matched controls was done. Examination included refraction, best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and color vision. Adaptive optics (AO) and multifocal electroretinogram (mf?ERG) were done to assess the anatomy and function of photoreceptors. The subgroup analysis of the improved and non?improved groups was done. Results: The mean cone density in cases and control in the superior, temporal, and nasal quadrants was respectively as follows (21640 ± 5713, 24040 ± 3386, P = 0.01) (19755 ± 6282, 21832 ± 2911, P = 0.03) (19897 ± 5418, 22171 ± 3660, P = 0.01) (20768 ± 4799, 22819 ± 3241, P = 0.01). The amplitude of N1 wave and P1 wave in cases was significantly low compared to the controls. Cases with subnormal color vision had reduced BCVA (0.55 ± 0.018) in comparison to the children with normal response (0.350 ± 0.014). Cone density was also significantly reduced in children with subnormal color vision. Sixteen out of 25 cases showed BCVA improvement with spectacles. Baseline cone density was found to be significantly higher in the improved group. There was no correlation between BCVA and AO parameters. Conclusion: Patients with ametropic amblyopia show subnormal photoreceptor properties than controls. Low cone density may be associated with defective color vision and poor prognosis in these cases
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@#AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of visual function training in the late stage of ametropic amblyopia treatment. <p>METHODS: One hundred and twenty two children patients and 244 eyes with ametropic amblyopia, which were ranged from January 2016 to December 2016, were enrolled in the prospective case control study. Patient inclusion criteria: spherical power≤ ±3.00D, absolute value of astigmatism(hereinafter referred to as the degree of astigmatism)≥2.00D, binocular spherical lens difference ≤1.50D, binocular cylinder difference ≤1.00D. All patients received preliminary treatment. After routine optometry and amblyopia treatment, visual acuity in amblyopic eyes improved to more than 0.6 and visual acuity difference between two eyes should be less than 2 lines in visual chart testing. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned into a training group(62 cases 124 eyes)and a control group(60 cases 120 eyes). All patients had routine glasses with a combination of both family and clinic training. Treatments in the control group included: amblyopia training instrument(light brush, red flash and grating etc.)and fine stimulation training through computer software. In addition to similar treatments in control group, patients in training group also received following treatments including monocular adjustment function training, binocular adjustment function training, binocular integration and fusion function training. After 6mo, visual acuity, near stereopsis, adjustment amplitude, adjustment sensitivity and adjustment response tests were compared and statistically analyzed in patients of both control and training groups. <p>RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that the overall visual acuity was significantly improved in training group(<i>P</i><0.05). Additionally, results of near stereopsis function, adjustment amplitude, adjustment sensitivity and adjustment response examination, also displayed significant difference between the two groups(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Binocular visual function training has a certain effect in the improvement of successful cure rate, shortening treatment course and establishing a sound stereo vision function in the late stage of children patients receiving a comprehensive therapy.
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· AIM:To explore the effect of levodopa and visual stimulation training in the treatment of adolescent ametropic amblyopia.· METHODS:Sixty-four adolescents (68 eyes) with ametropic amblyopia who treated in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2016 were included into this study,and the patients were randomly divided into the observation group (n=32,33 eyes) and the control group (n=32,35 eyes).The patients in the control group received visual stimulation training therapy,and the patients in the observation group were given levodopa on the basis of the control group.After treated for 24wk,the clinical effects and changes of P-VEP and visual sensitivity before and after treatment were compared.· RESULTS:After treated for 24wk,the total effective rate of the observation group (91％) was significantly higher than that of the control group (71％),and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Although the amplitude of P-VEP P100 in the control group increased and the latency was shortened,the effect of the observation group was more significant,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSIONS:Levodopa combined with visual stimulation training has significant effect in the treatment of adolescent ametropic amblyopia,it can better correct the visual sensitivity,and improve optic nerve conduction function.
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AIM: To evaluate the effect of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) technology as a visual training system in children with amblyopia. METHODS:Totally 30 children,aged 4-16 years old,18 with ametropic amblyopia ( AMA ), and 12 with anisometropic amblyopia(ANA) were recruited in this study. A binocular 3D shutter glasses technology visual training system was used for training trials. Each training time lasted 1h,and the number of training trials totaled 33 (mean士SD:32士8) times on average,per-person. Before and after each training trial, the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) of each eye, range of fusion by synoptophore, as well as near and distance stereopsis acuity by Yan Shaoming random - dot test and synoptophore respectively was measured. RESULTS: A significant difference was found pre- and post treatment in BCVA in both kinds of amblyopia studied. Significant improvement was also found in fusion range and stereopsis acuity. The improvement of fusion range and stereopsis recovery could be seen in ANA than in AMA patients. The near stereopsis acuity recovery in ANA group might more easily to regain stereoacuity at near than in AMA group. CONCLUSION: S3D display vision training systems are indicated for the recovery of stereoacuity in children with amblyopia.
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@#AIM: To study the impact on compliance and pattern visual evoked potential of optical drugs suppress combine with auxiliary therapy for children with ametropic amblyopia. <p>METHODS: Totally 122 cases(189 eyes)children with ametropic amblyopia from October 2014 to October 2015 were divided into observation group, 61 cases(95 eyes)and control group, 61 cases(94 eyes). The control group given comprehensive therapeutic apparatus, CAM training comprehensive therapy, the observation group received above-mentioned combined with optical drugs suppress therapy. At 4mo after treatment, therapy compliance, pattern visual evoked potential, clinical efficacy were compared between two groups. <p>RESULTS: At 4mo after treatment, the efficient rate of observation group was 92.6% which was significantly higher than that of control group 81.9%(<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>=4.895, <i>P</i><0.05). Therapy compliance rate was 96.7%, significantly higher than that of control group 83.6%(<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup>=4.895, <i>P</i><0.05). P100 amplitude of observation group(15.18±1.68μV)was significantly higher than that of the control group(12.34±1.34μV). P100 latency of observation group(93.75±10.01ms)was significantly lower than the control group(106.37±10.21ms)(<i>t</i>=10.322, 7.865; <i>P</i><0.05, <i>P</i><0.001). <p>CONCLUSION: Optical drugs suppress combine auxiliary therapy helps to improve visual acuity level in children with ametropic amblyopia, which may be related to enhance children's compliance, adjust pattern visual evoked potential.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of levodopa combined comprehensive therapy on the children with ametropic amblyopia.Methods:One hundred three patients (180 eyes) with ametropic amblyopia admitted into our hospital from April 2013 to March 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the study group.Fifty-two patients (90 eyes) in the control group were treated with comprehensive therapy,and fifty-one patients (90 eyes) in study group were treated with levodopa combined comprehensive therapy.After six months of treatment,the treatment efficacy,pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP),visual sensitivity,and visual function of patients were observed and compared between the two groups,and the adverse reaction were recorded and compared.Results:At six months after treatment,the effective rate of study group was 90.00％,which was significantly higher than that of control group (68.89％,P＜0.05).The wave amplitude ofP-VEP Pl00 of both groups showed a remarkable increase,which was much higher in the study group (P＜0.05);the incubation period in both groups were obviously decreased,while they were markedly lower in the study group (P＜0.05).The visual acuity under 100％,25％,10％ and 5％ of spatial frequency were conspicuously higher than those of control group (P＜0.05).And correction convergence range,and correction separation range in study group were much higher than those of control group,and corrected near stereo vision was markedly lower than that of control group (P＜0.05).Additionally,no significant difference was found in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Levodopa combined comprehensive therapy had a good ability of improving function of visual central neurons,visual acuity and binocular stereo vision functions.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of levodopa combined with comprehensive therapy for ametropic amblyopia children and teenagers and its effeets on pattern visual evoked potential(P-VEP)and visual function. METHODS:70 pa-tients(80 eyes)with ametropic amblyopia were randomly divided into observation group(35 cases,40 eyes)and control group(35 cases,38 eyes). Control group received comprehensive therapy as wearing correctional glasses,occlusion therapy and visual stimu-lation training;observation group additionally received levodopa 0.125(d1-3)-0.25 g/time,bid,on the basis of control group for 6 months. Therapeutic efficacy,P-VEP,Visual sensitivity and visual function were compared between two groups,and the occur-rence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:The effective rate of observation group(92.50%)was significantly higher than that of con-trol group(76.32%),with statistical significance(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Levodopa combined with comprehensive therapy can improve the function of visual central neurons,and improve visual acuity and binocular stereo vision functions so as to improve therapy efficacy.
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· AlM: To investigate the thicknesses change of macula central fovea(MFT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in children with ametropic amblyopia and normal children. · METHODS: The medical records of 56 children with ametropic amblyopia and 56 normal children in our hospital during the same period were retrospectively analyzed. Optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) was used to measure the MFT and RNFL.The MFT and RNFL change in two groups were statistically evaluated. · RESULTS: The sex, age and axial length were no significant difference between amblyopia group and control group (P>0.05).The MFT in amblyopia group and control group were 135.15±15.15μm, 136.14±14.26μm respectively (P>0.05).The RNFL in amblyopia group and control group were 117.02 ±8.97μm, 110.43 ±7.94μm respectively, and there was significant difference ( P0.05). ·CONCLUSlON:There are no significant changes in MFT between children with ametropic amblyopia and normal children, but RNFL is thicker in amblyopia group than that in control group, and there is no correlation with axial length.
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Objective To observe the effect of liver-soothing and spleen-strengthening,essence-tonifying and eyesight-improving herbal medicine for ametropic amblyopia(AA) in children.Methods AA children were randomized into 2 groups.The two groups received treatment of optometry and sight-enhancing device based on microcomputer.Meanwhile,group A(52 affected eyes in 29 patients) received oral use of Ximing Decoction with liver-soothing and spleen-strengthening,essence-tonifying and eyesight-improving actions,which is mainly composed of Radix Curcumae,Radix Pseudostellariae,Radix Panacis Quinquefolii,Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,Herba Agastaches,Flos Buddlejae,Nux Prinsepiae,Fructus Setariae Germinatus,Radix Ophiopogonis,Fructus Crataegi and Massa Medicata Fermentata.Group B(46 affected eyes in 28 patients) received oral use of levodopa additionally.Seven days constituted one treatment course.The treatment lasted 8 courses.Before and after treatment,corrected visual acuity(CVA) was observed.Results In group A,CVA of 13 eyes were improved,AA of 33 eyes cured,6 eyes ineffective,and the total effective rate was 88.46%.In group B,CVA of 10 eyes were improved,AA of 12 eyes cured,24 eyes ineffective,and the total effective rate was 47.83%.The effect in group A was superior to that in group B(P