Concentrações de ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em equinos da raça Puro-sangue Lusitano, antes e após exercício / Serum concentration of iron, copper, zinc and manganese in Pure-bred Lusitano horses, before and after exercise

O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a atividade sérica dos microminerais ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em 30 equinos atletas da raça Puro-sangue Lusitano (PSL), antes e depois de exercícios, atestados por avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas, antes e imediatamente após 20 minutos de exercício físico de trote e galope suaves realizados em pista de areia, para a realização das dosagens dos microminerais. A concentração dos microelementos foi determinada por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica. Observou-se que após o exercício, a atividade sérica de ferro não sofreu variações (P=0,2365), enquanto os valores de cobre se elevaram significativamente após o treinamento (P<0,001). Já o zinco e o manganês diminuíram após o exercício (P<0,001). Pode-se concluir que o exercício físico de curta duração pode gerar sudorese capaz de alterar as concentrações séricas de ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês em cavalos atletas da raça Puro-sangue Lusitano.

In order to evaluate the sera concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese trace minerals in thirty Pure-bred Lusitano athlete horses before and after exercise certified by clinical and laboratory assessments were studied. Blood samples were taken before and after 20 minutes of a dairy trot and gallop slight training, perfomed in a sandy floor ring, to measure the mineral concentrations, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was observed that after exercising, the serum activity of iron did not change (P=0.2365), whereas copper values have significantly risen after training (P<0.001). On the other hand, zinc and manganese trace minerals decreased after exercise (P<0.001). In conclusion, it is possible to consider that the short time exercise may trigger sweating and consequently to change the serum concentration of iron, cooper, zinc and manganese in Pure-bred Lusitano athlete horses.

Efeito da associação de furosemida e fenilbutazona sobre variáveis hidroeletrolíticas de cavalos antes e após a corrida / The effect of furosemide and phenylbutazone association on the fluid and electrolyte characteristics of horses before and after a race

Verificaram-se os efeitos da associação de furosemida e fenilbutazona sobre variáveis hidroeletrolíticas de cavalos antes e após a corrida. Dezenove equinos foram distribuídos em três grupos, de acordo com os protocolos de tratamento. O primeiro grupo, de cinco animais, não recebeu medicação (grupo-controle); o segundo grupo, de sete animais, foi tratado com furosemida, na dose de 1mg/kg, por via intramuscular, até quatro horas antes do páreo; o terceiro, de sete animais, recebeu furosemida, por via intramuscular, e fenilbutazona, por via intravenosa, nas doses de 1,0 e 4,4mg/kg, respectivamente, até quatro horas antes da corrida. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas antes, imediatamente após e duas horas após o páreo, para avaliação da osmolalidade plasmática e das concentrações plasmáticas de sódio, potássio e cloreto. A utilização de furosemida e da associação furosemida e fenilbutazona até 4h antes dos páreos nas dosagens descritas alterou (P<0,05) a osmolalidade plasmática dos equinos, mas não alterou (P>0,05) as concentrações de sódio, potássio e cloreto. Os páreos alteraram de forma fisiológica a osmolalidade plasmática e a concentração sanguínea de K+ devido ao exercício de alta intensidade.

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of furosemide and phenylbutazone association on fluid and electrolyte balance characteristics of horses before and after a race. Nineteen horses were divided into three groups according to treatment protocols. The first group (five animals - control) was not medicated. A second group (seven animals) was treated with furosemide (1mg/kg, intramuscular up to four hours before the race). A third group (seven animals) received furosemide (1mg/kg) and phenylbutazone (4.4mg/kg), both intramuscular, up to four hours before race. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after and two hours after a race to evaluate the plasma osmolality and sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations. The use of furosemide and furosemide plus phenylbutazone up to four hours before the race altered (P<0.05) the plasma osmolality but did not change (P>0.05) the sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations. It was not possible to determine an antagonist effect of phenylbutazone on furosemide, based on fluid and electrolyte balance. Due to the high intensity exercise, the increase in plasma osmolality and potassium concentration was attributed to the race effect.

Peripheral serotoninergic response to physical exercise in athletic horses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise on plasma tryptophan (TRP) and free serotonin (f5-HT), whole blood-5-HT (WB-5-HT) and f5-HT/WB-5-HT ratio in Italian Saddle horses. Six clinically healthy Italian Saddle horses were subjected to a 450 meters obstacles course. Blood samples were collected from each horse by jugular venipuncture using vacutainer tubes with K3-EDTA at rest, immediately after exercise, and after 30 min. TRP, f5-HT and WB-5-HT were analyzed by HPLC. Immediately after exercise, statistically significant increases of f5-HT (p<0.001) and WB-5-HT (p<0.001) were observed. After 30 min, f5-HT and WB-5-HT decreased compared to immediately after exercise, but were still significantly higher than rest values (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). A significant linear regression between f5-HT and WB-5-HT was observed during experimental conditions. f5-HT and WB-5-HT modifications after exercise suggest an important role of peripheral serotoninergic markers in response to physical activity. The possible source of extra serotonin detected after show jumping should be clarified by further investigation.