Assessment of nephrotoxicity and histopathological lesions of albino rats exposure to DD-force and baygon insecticides / Evaluación de la nefrotoxicidad y lesiones histopatológicas tras la exposición de ratas Albino a los insecticidas DD-Force y Baygon

Although studies suggest adverse effects of pesticides, human exposure to insecticides in homes is increasing and reports on their health effects are limited. The study investigated nephrotoxic effects of organo phosphate and carbamate insecticides, DD-Force and Baygon, in albino rats. Forty-five albino rats divided into groups were exposed to DD-Force (dichlorvos) or Baygon (propoxur) indoor insecticidein wooden boxes in separate exposure duration of 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours/day for 14 consecutive days. Serum and kidney tissue obtained after sacrifice were used to determine markers of renal damage and histopathological analysis, respectively. Exposure of rats to the insecticides showed duration-dependent significant increases (p<0.05) in serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine compared to control. However, rats exposed to DD-Force insecticide induced significantly higher levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine compared to Baygon (p<0.05). Histopathological lesions were observed in rats exposed to the insecticides, particularly in the exposure duration of 3 or 4 hours/day. These findings suggest that acute exposure to DD-Force and Baygonis nephrotoxic and may induce renal damage in rats.

Aunque los estudios sugieren efectos adversos de los pesticidas, la exposición humana a los insecticidas en los hogares está aumentando y los informes sobre sus efectos sobre la salud son limitados. Este estudio investigó los efectos nefrotóxicos de los insecticidas órgano fosfato y carbamato, DD-Force y Baygon, en ratas albinas. Cuarenta y cinco ratas albinas divididas en grupos fueron expuestas a DD-Force (diclorvos) o Baygon (propoxur) insecticidas de interior en cajas de madera en una duración de exposición separada de 1, 2, 3 y 4 horas / día durante 14 días consecutivos. Muestras séricas y de tejido renal obtenidas después del sacrificio se utilizaron para determinar los marcadores de daño renal y el análisis histopatológico, respectivamente. La exposición de las ratas a los insecticidas mostró aumentos significativos dependientes de la duración (p<0.05) en los niveles séricos de urea, ácido úrico y creatinina en comparación con el control. Sin embargo, las ratas expuestas al insecticida DD-Force indujeron niveles significativamente más altos de urea, ácido úrico y creatinina en comparación con Baygon (p<0.05). Se observaron lesiones histopatológicas en ratas expuestas a los insecticidas, particularmente en la duración de exposición de 3 o 4 horas/día. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la exposición aguda a DD-Force y Baygonis nephrotóxico y puede inducir daño renal en ratas.

Evaluation of carbamate insecticides as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer.

Background: Cancer chemotherapy has already been in practice by the use of toxins and some of the specific poisonous compounds of cyanide derivatives. Carbamate insecticides inhibit cellular metabolism including energy, protein, and nucleic acid metabolism, thereby, causing cell regression and death. Aim: Preliminary evaluation of three carbamate insecticides, namely, baygon, carbaryl, and carbofuran as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer is undertaken in the present study. Materials and Methods: The toxicity of carbamates on squamous cell carcinoma was assessed in-vitro using dye binding tests. Cells were grown in microtitration ELISA plates, as adherent cultures, for six hours, and then exposed to the drugs for 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours, and finally stained with neutral red, to assess the viable cell number, and with methylene blue for the determination of protein in the monolayer. Optical density was read in an ELISA reader. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained during the experiment was subjected to statistical analysis by using the student 't' test. Results: The results indicated that the percentage of the viable cell number reduced with an increase in the time of exposure of the drugs. Exposure of the tumor cells to the drugs for 12 hours detached them completely from the wells, and hence, all the cells were washed out. Exposure of the drugs prior to the establishment of the culture in-vitro resulted in the non-formation of the monolayer in the wells. Conclusions: Among the three drugs studied, the survival percent was least with carbaryl treatment followed by baygon, and with carbofuran treatment it was almost near to control group.