RESUMEN
The submergence of rice fields is a significant issue in India's rice production, which is further aggravated by the unpredictable monsoon rain patterns and the impact of climate change. Larger variation in rainfall patterns affected by the timing of nursery raising and transplanting later in the main field therefore, we adopted Climate Resilient Technology (CRT) for rice production, Extended seedbed durations for rice seedlings allow for adequate rainfall during the monsoon season. So that the experiment was conducted at 30 farmer’s fields of NICRA village, Khana Bari, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, in 2022 under the supervision farm science Center, Kishanganj, the experiment was framed in randomized block design with ten replications. All plots received the recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha-1 N.P.K.) in equal amounts. Urea, di-ammonium phosphate, and muriate of potash were used as the sources of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. To determine the growth characters i.e., plant height (cm) at harvest stage, number of effective tillers hill-1, LAI, Chlorophyll concentration (SPAD) and days to 50 per cent flowering were recorded at 90 days. Yield attributes viz., After the completion of the harvest, various observations were recorded, such as the number of panicles/m2, the number of grains per panicle, the number of filled and unfilled grains per panicle, the test weight in grams, and the yield. This encompassed grain yield, straw yield, biological yield in quintals per hectare, and harvest index percentage. During the field experiment, both the climate-resilient technology Swarna Sub1 and Sabour Sampans paddy varieties were tested. Swarna Sub1 was found to be significantly superior in terms of plant growth, yield attributes, and yield characteristics. under submergence conditions. The significant maximum grain yield (48 q ha-1), straw yield (84 q ha-1), biological yield (153 q ha-1), and harvest index (45%) were recorded in Swarna Sub-1.
RESUMEN
Seed hardening refers to different processes that involve treating seeds to enhance their resilience, break seed dormancy and improve their chances of successful germination and plant establishment during harsh conditions. Seeds are soaked in the solutions of KCl, NAA, KNo3 and CaCl2 to break dormancy increase the germination percentage and improve plant morphological parameters in linseed. The experiment was carried out for “Effect of seed hardening on seed germination and morphological parameters in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L),, during Rabi season in the year 2022 at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh on linseed crop. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 13 treatments and 3 replications. T0-Control, T1-NAA-25 ppm, T2-NAA-50 ppm, T3-NAA-150 ppm, T4-KCl-25 ppm, T5-KCl-50 ppm, T6-KCl-150 ppm, T7-KNo3-25 ppm, T8-KNo3-50 ppm, T9-KNo3-150 ppm, T10-CaCl2-25 ppm, T11-CaCl2-50 ppm, T12-CaCl2-150 ppm were the treatments. Linseed seeds were treated with NAA, KCl, KNo3 and CaCl2 with different concentrations (25 ppm,50 ppm and 150 ppm) for 5 hours and after sowing growth, yield and yield parameters were observed. The main objectives are to determine the effect of seed hardening on seed germination and morphological characteristics of Linseed and to find out the suitable concentration for seed hardening in Linseed. It was noticed that T9-KNo3-150 ppm treatment performed better significantly different at a 5% level of significance, when compared with other treatments where a minimum was observed in control. The highest germination percentage (92.20%), plant height (74.34 cm), number of primary branches (3.87), number of secondary branches (23.53), seeds per capsule (8.13), seed yield per plant (3.42) and harvest index (25.38%) showing better results when treated with treatment (T9)-KNo3-150 ppm for 5 hours and followed by Treatment(T11) CaCl2-50 ppm. Very less days (72) required for 50% flowering and maturity (111.67) were observed in treatment T9 when compared with other treatments. It concluded that T9(KNo3-150 ppm) was superior in all the growth and yield parameters in linseed. So we recommended that treatment T9 is the best seed hardening treatment for linseed according to this experiment.