Evaluation of Three-Way Cross Hybrids and Their Parents for Storage Losses in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The aim of present investigation was the assessment of the several new onion hybrids develop through three- way cross along with their parents for having less problem of weight losses due to sprouting and rotting, and long storage quality at normal room temperature and relative humidity. The design of experimental plot was complete randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. This study was carried out in the year of 2018-2019 at Division of Vegetable Crops, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta, Bengaluru, India. Thirty hybrids developed by three- way cross, thirteen parental lines and one check have been included for the experiment. Three F1 hybrids used as female lines and ten commercial varieties used as male testers, were taken to develop the hybrids through line x tester design. The bulbs of all these genotypes were kept for four months in normal storage chamber at 25-30°C room temperature with 65-70% relative humidity. The overall losses of per cent bulb weigh was recorded and conclude that the three-way hybrids TWCHO-15 (26.91) were recorded for smallest amount of loss followed by TWCHO-5 (27.02), TWCHO-14 (28.83) and TWCHO-4 (29.98). These hybrids can be suggested for more profit to onion grower by keeping for long shelf-life.

Effects of Saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs on Platelet Aggregation and Interactions between Platelets and Neutrophils / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of saponins from Allium Macrostemon Bunge Bulbs (SMBB) on platelet aggregation and platelet-neutrophil-interactions. Methods The effects of SMBB on platelet aggregation in SD rats were observed in vivo and in vitro. The adhesion of platelets to neutrophils was measured by rosette test. The effect of SMBB on activated platelet calcium levels was detected. Results Platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) was significantly inhibited by SMBB in vitro concentration-dependent. Platelet aggregation induced by PAF, AA and ADP was significantly inhibited by 5 mg/kg of SMBB. SMBB could reduce the intracellular calcium concentration in the wash platelets. SMBB significantly reduced the adhesion between neutrophils and thrombin-activated platelets and inhibited neutrophil supernatant-induced platelet aggregation, with IC50of 2.7 μmol/L and 9.6 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion SMBB can inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro and ex vivo, and inhibit the interactions between platelets and neutrophils.

Advances in studies on steroidal saponins and their pharmacological activities in genus Lilium / 中国中药杂志

Genus Lilium plants contain a variety of steroidal saponins, so far at least 82 steroidal saponins have been found in the bulbs of Lilium species, including 13 spirostanol saponins (1-13), 39 isospirostanol saponins (14-52), 7 pseudospirostanol saponins (53-59), and 23 furostanol saponins (60-82). Studies have showed that these steroidal saponins exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidepressant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, sedative-hypnotic effect, and inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase and Na⁺-K⁺ ATP, et al. This paper has classified and summarized the 82 steroidal saponins isolated and identified from the bulbs of Lilium species and their correlative biological activities. Also, their structural characteristics and structure-activities relationship have been discussed, which could provide references for further research and application development of Lilium plants.

Caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos (2005-2015) / Clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs in dogs and cats (2005-2015)

Objetivou-se realizar a caracterização clínica e histopatológica de bulbos oculares de cães e gatos, removidos cirurgicamente por indicação clínica, no período entre 2005-2015. Foram realizados 101 procedimentos de remoção do bulbo ocular, 93 enucleações (92%) e 8 exenterações (8%). Os procedimentos foram realizados em 80 cães, (79% dos casos) e em 21 gatos (21% dos casos). Os cães submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica apresentavam perfurações oculares (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), protrusão ocular (n=13, 16%), diagnósticos sugestivos de neoplasia (n=10, 12,5%) e outros (n=3, 2,97%). Dentre os gatos os diagnósticos clínicos compreenderam perfuração ocular (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14,2%), microftalmia (n=3, 14,2%), sugestivo de neoplasia (n=2, 9,5%), protrusão ocular (n=2, 9,5%) e outros (n=2, 9,5%). Vinte e sete amostras de bulbos oculares foram submetidas para avaliação histopatológica, sendo 23 provenientes de cães e quatro de gatos. Dentre as amostras de origem canina, sete exibiram achados histopatológicos compatíveis com glaucoma, sete perfurações oculares, seis neoplasias intraoculares, duas panoftalmites e um quadro de Phthisis bulbi. Nos bulbos oculares de gatos foram diagnosticadas duas neoplasias intraoculares, uma microftalmia e uma perfuração ocular. Constatou-se que o glaucoma secundário, as neoplasias e as perfurações oculares estão entre as principais causas de enucleação em cães, e associadas a alterações primárias como a ceratoconjuntivite seca e as uveítes. Estas afecções, diferentemente das neoplasias, podem ter êxito terapêutico mediante diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, prevenindo a cegueira e a remoção do bulbo ocular.(AU)

This study aimed to carry out the clinical and histopathologic characterization of ocular bulbs from dogs and cats, surgical removed as clinical indication between 2005-2015. Hundred-one procedures were performed, 93 enucleations (92%) and 8 exenterantions (8%). The procedures were performed on 80 dogs (79% of cases) and 21 cats (21% of cases). The dogs underwent to surgery had ocular perfuration (n=31, 39%), glaucoma (n=19, 24%), ocular protrusion (n=13, 16%), diagnosis suggestive of neoplasia (n=10, 12, 5%) and other (n=3, 2.97%). Among the clinical diagnosis cats comprise ocular perforation (n=9, 49%), glaucoma (n=3, 14.2%), microphthalmia (n=3, 14.2%), suggestive of neoplasia (n=2, 9.5%), ocular protrusion (n=2, 9.5%) and other (n=2, 9.5%). Twenty-seven samples of ocular bulbs were sent for histopathologic evaluation in Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, being 23 from dogs and four cats. Among the samples of dogs, seven exhibited histopathologic findings compatible with glaucoma, seven ocular perforations, six had intraocular neoplasias, two panoftalmites and condition of Phthisis bulbi. The ocular bulbs of cats received the diagnosis of two intraocular neoplasias, one microphthalmia and ocular perforation. It was found that the secondary glaucoma and ocular perforations are among the leading causes of enucleation in dogs, and associated with primary disorders such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and uveitis. These disorders, unlike neoplasia, may have therapeutic success through early diagnosis and treatment, preventing blindness and removal of the eyeball.(AU)

Male orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists: equally good at estimating fluid volumes (and changing light bulbs) but equally poor at estimating procedure duration

<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>How many orthopods does it take to change a light bulb? One - to refer to the medics for 'Darkness ?Cause'. Additionally, anaesthetists and surgeons often disagree on the estimated blood loss during surgery and the estimated procedure duration. We designed this study to compare the ability of orthopaedic surgeons and anaesthetists in: (a) estimating fluid volumes; (b) estimating procedure durations; and (c) changing light bulbs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Participants had to either be a specialist in anaesthesia or orthopaedic surgery, or a trainee in that specialty for at least two years. Three different fluid specimens were used for volume estimation (44 mL, 88 mL and 144 mL). Two videos of different lengths (140 seconds and 170 seconds), showing the suturing of a banana skin, were used for procedure duration estimation. To determine the ability at changing light bulbs, the participants had to match eight different light sockets to their respective bulbs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>30 male anaesthetists and trainees and 31 male orthopaedic surgeons and trainees participated in this study. Orthopaedic surgeons underestimated the three fluid volumes by 3.9% and anaesthetists overestimated by 5.1% (p = 0.925). Anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons overestimated the duration of the two procedures by 21.2% and 43.1%, respectively (p = 0.006). Anaesthetists had a faster mean time in changing light bulbs (70.1 seconds vs. 74.1 seconds, p = 0.319).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In an experimental environment, male orthopaedic surgeons are as good as male anaesthetists in estimating fluid volumes (in commonly seen surgical specimens) and in changing light bulbs. Both groups are poor at estimating procedure durations.</p>

Growth and reproductive characteristics of different grades of Tulipa edulis bulb / 中草药

Objective: To explore the growth and reproductive characteristics of different grades of Tulipa edulis bulb. Methods: T. edulis bulbs were divided into four grades based on weight, e.g. the 1st grade, m > 2.0 g; the 2nd grade, m 1.0-2.0 g; the 3rd grade, m 0.5-1.0 g, and the 4th grade, m < 0.5 g. The growth indexes, flowering and fruiting percentage, and photosynthetic characteristics were measured at vigorous growth period. And the yield, reproduction coefficient, and net yield-increasing percentage were calculated at harvest period. Results: The growth indexes increased with the increasing weight of bulbs. In comparison with the 3rd and 4th grades bulbs, the 1st and 2nd grades bulbs showed higher photosynthetic efficiency, and net yield-increasing percentage. The bulbs, weight of which were higher than 1 g, showed high flowering and fruiting percentage. Conclusion: The 1st and 2nd grades bulbs are suitable to be reproductive materials for bulbs, while the 3rd and 4th grades bulbs are more applicable as materials for producing seeds.

Relación entre la Connotación Emocional Negativa y la Memorización de la Información Espacial

Se determinó en dos estudios la relación entre la connotación emocional negativa y la memorización de la información espacial. El propósito fue demostrar que un estímulo emocional negativo podría provocar una reacción que facilitara la integración de los elementos en memoria, como sus características y propiedades viso-espaciales. 76 estudiantes universitarios participaron de estos dos estudios. Durante el primero, se realizó una tarea de denominación. El plan experimental se componía de un factor de grupo y uno de inducción. Fue utilizado el test X2. No se encontró un efecto facilitador de la emoción sobre la integración de los datos perceptivos. El segundo estudio era una tarea de reconocimiento de la estructura espacial. Tres variables independientes fueron parte del estudio (La inducción, la complejidad y la replicación). Se observó que los desempeños no fueron significativamente mejores después de una simulación emocional negativa que después de una simulación neutra o ausente.

Two studies were realized to determine the relationship between the emotional negative connotation and the memorization of the spatial information. The purpose was to prove that a negative emotional stimulus could trigger a reaction that would facilitate the integration of elements in the memory, elements such as visual-spatial characteristics. 76 university students participated in the two studies. During the first study, a denomination task was performed. The experimental plan had two variables: a group variable and an induction variable. It was found that there is no facilitator effect in the emotion over the integration of the perceptive data. The second study was a recognition task of a spatial structure. Three independent variables were part of the study (induction, complexity, and replication). It was observed that the performances in both studies were not significantly better after a negative emotional simulation than after a neutral or absent simulation.

Benzylphenethylamine Alkaloids from the Bulbs and Flowers of Lycoris radiata / 中草药·英文版

Objective To study the benzylphenethylamine alkaloids from the bulbs and flowers of Lycoris radiata.Methods Alkaloids were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data.Results Fifteen known benzylphenethylamine alkaloids were isolated and identified as lycoramine(1),O-demethyllycoramine(2),N-demethyllycoramine(3),galanthamine(4),lycorine(5),caranine(6),ungminorine(7),narciclasine(8),5-hydroxy-10-O-demethyl-homolycorine(9),hippeastrine(10),ungerine(11),hippeastrine N-oxide(12),O-demethylhaemanthamine(13),haemanthidine(14),and 8-demethoxybostasine(15).Conclusion Compound 15 is first isolated from the plants in Amaryllidaceae,compounds 3,6,9,and 11 are first reported from the plants in Lycoris Herb.,and compounds 2,7,and 14 are isolated from L.radiata for the fast time.The 13C-NMR data of compouds 3,7,and 12 are first reported in the present study.Furthermore,the galasine-type alkaloid is isolated from the plants of Lycoris Herb.for the first time.

Viabilidade do sistema de produção de mudas em bandejas em três cultivares de cebola / Viability of onion seedling production on polyestyrene trays in three cultivars

O presente trabalho foi conduzido em Ponta Grossa (PR), com o objetivo de avaliar a viabilidade do sistema de produção de mudas em bandejas, comparativamente ao sistema convencional, em canteiros, em três cultivares de cebola. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados segundo esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo três tipos de mudas (de bandeja com 200 e com 288 células e da sementeira) e três cultivares (Mercedes, Bola Precoce e Crioula). A produção de mudas em bandejas foi conduzida sob cultivo protegido e da sementeira em ambiente natural. A semeadura ocorreu no dia 15/05/2004, nas bandejas e na sementeira. Aos 57 dias, as mudas foram avaliadas e transplantadas em parcelas com quatro fileiras de plantas arranjadas no espaçamento de 0,40 x 0,08m, perfazendo um estande de 312.500 plantas.ha-1. A colheita foi realizada de acordo com a maturação das plantas. Após a cura, avaliou-se a produtividade de bulbos e foram calculados os custos de produção dos diferentes tipos de mudas e a sua viabilidade. Observou-se que as mudas provenientes de bandejas apresentaram superioridade quando comparadas às da sementeira, obtendo destaque as obtidas em 200 células. A qualidade superior dessa muda refletiu-se no desempenho posterior, obtendo-se maior rendimento de bulbos com mudas de bandejas de 200 células. O desempenho foi intermediário, quando proveniente de bandejas de 288 células e inferior, quando a muda usada foi de sementeira. Destaca-se que o aproveitamento de mudas da sementeira durante a seleção foi baixo (50 por cento), e o custo para sua produção é alto quando se utiliza semente de híbrido, comparável ao custo de cultivar de polinização aberta em bandejas de 288 células. As cultivares mais produtivas foram Crioula e Mercedes. A produção de mudas em bandejas, principalmente na de 200 células, é viável e representa uma alternativa para aumento da produtividade no cultivo da cebola...

The present trial was realized in Ponta Grossa (PR) and aimed to evaluate the viability of onion seedling production in polyestyrene trays, compared to conventional system on seedbed, using three cultivars The experimental design used was a randomized block with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme 3x3, being three seedlings type (from trays with 200 and 288 cells and from seedbed), and three cultivars (Mercedes, Bola Precoce and Crioula). Seedlings production on trays were realized under protected cultivation and seedlings from seedbeds produced in the field. Seeds were sowed in May,15th. At 57 days the seedlings were evaluated and then transplanted in plots with four rows and plants arranged in 0,40x0,08m, with 312.500 plants.ha-1. The harvest was realized according to the plant maturation stage. Bulbs were dried and then yield were evaluated. The production cost and seedlings viability were calculated. It was observed the seedlings from trays were superior when compared to seedlings from seedbed, mainly those from 200 cells.This higher seedling quality reflected on later performance obtaining the highest yield from trays of 200 cells. It was intermediary with 288 trays and lower from seedbed seedling. It was observed low seedling useful from seedbed during the selection process (50 percent). In the case of hybrid the cost of seedling production in seedbed was high, almost comparable to seedling production of open pollinated cultivars on trays of 288 cells. The best cultivars were Crioula and Mercedes. Seedlings production on trays mainly on 200 cells showed viability and represents an important alternative to increase onion yield in a competitive market.