Estimation on Formation Time of Thrombus / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the changes of the formation time of venous thrombus in rats, and to provide new ideas and methods for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis.@*METHODS@#Totally 80 rats were randomly divided into 10 groups （0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after operation）. A vein thrombosis model was established by the "narrow" method. The processes of thrombosis, organization, recanalization and the features of change on hemosiderin and calcium salt were observed by HE stain, Perls stain and Von Kossa stain. The expression changes of CD61, α-SMA and CD34 were observed by immunohistochemical staining technique.@*RESULTS@#Platelets adhered to the exposed blood vessel intima 3 h after operation, and platelet trabeculae were formed by the repeated accumulation of platelets 1 d after operation. The thrombus organization formed through the fibroblasts from vessel wall that grew into the interior of the thrombus 3 d after operation. Endothelial cells covered the surface of thrombus and then the new blood vessels were reformed, and the vessels were reconstructed. The expression of CD61 upregulated at the stages of the thrombus formation （3 h） and thrombus reformation （4 weeks）, and reached the peak 1 d after thrombus formation. The release of hemosiderin and the initial expression of α-SMA were detected 3 d later. Calcium deposit and expression of CD34 were observed 1 week later.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The hemosiderin, calcium salt, CD61, α-SMA and CD34 show time-dependent changing characteristics, which is expected to provide a reference for the estimation on thrombus formation time of the forensic cases died from thrombosis.

Histopathological characters of calcium salt deposits on renal papilla in patients with infectious calculi / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between stone formation and histopathological characters of renal papilla in patients with infectious renal calculi. Methods A total of 43 patients with infectious renal calculi undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) were included in this study. Renal papilla biopsy specimens were obtained under a nephroscope during the operation, fol-lowed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin or alizarin bordeaux for light microscopy and electron mi-croscopy. The extracted stones were analyzed and proved to be composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate or carbonate apatite with a transform-infrared spectrometer. Results Renal papilla calci-um plaques were found in 24 of the 43 patients (56 % ) during PCNL. Local calcium salt deposits could be found localized in the renal tubular basement membrane and spread to the interstitial tissue. Tiny stone adherence was observed in the renal papillae where calcium salts grew into the collection system. Conclusion Calcium salt deposits exist on the renal papilla in some patients with infectious renal calculi, which may be correlated with the formation of infectious stones.