Familiares vivenciando cuidados paliativos de crianças com câncer hospitalizadas: uma revisão integrativa / Families experiencing palliative care for hospitalized children with cancer: an integrative review / Familiares vivenciando cuidados paliativos de niños hospitalizados con cáncer: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: analisar a produção do conhecimento sobre a experiência da família acerca dos cuidados paliativos da criança com câncer hospitalizada na unidade de terapia intensiva e discutir o papel da enfermagem no atendimento à família da criança com câncer frente aos cuidados paliativos. Método: revisão integrativa realizada na PUBMED, LILACS, SCOPUS, SCIELO e CINAHL entre janeiro e março de 2020. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 13 artigos, originando duas categorias: O impacto do cuidado paliativo da criança com câncer na dinâmica familiar e o cuidado multiprofissional, em especial dos enfermeiros, à família da criança com câncer. Conclusão: os estudos revelaram o panorama nacional e internacional dos cuidados paliativos à criança com câncer e a desestruturação da dinâmica familiar nos aspectos físicos, sociais, psicológicos, e financeiros, caracterizando o período como estressante e doloroso. Os enfermeiros estabelecem condutas terapêuticas objetivando promover qualidade de vida para crianças em cuidados paliativos e seus familiares.

Objective: to examine production of knowledge on families' experience of palliative care for children with cancer hospitalized in an intensive care center and discuss the role of nursing in assisting the family of the child in palliative cancer care. Method: this integrative review was conducted on PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO and CINAHL between January and March 2020. Results: from the sample of 13 articles, two categories originated: The impact of palliative cancer care for children on family dynamics and multiprofessional care, especially by nurses, for the family of the child with cancer. Conclusion: the studies revealed the national and international panorama of palliative care for children with cancer and the breakdown of physical, social, psychological, and financial family dynamics, characterizing the period as stressful and painful. Nurses establish therapeutic approaches aimed at promoting quality of life for children in palliative care and their families.

Objetivo: analizar la producción de conocimiento sobre la experiencia familiar en los cuidados paliativos de niños con cáncer, hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, y discutir el papel de la enfermería en la asistencia a la familia del niño con cáncer frente a los cuidados paliativos. Método: Revisión integradora realizada en PUBMED, LILACS, SCOPUS, SCIELO y CINAHL entre enero y marzo de 2020. Resultados: La muestra estuvo conformada por 13 artículos, originando dos categorías: El impacto de los cuidados paliativos para niños con cáncer en la dinámica familiar y los cuidados multiprofesionales, especialmente de las enfermeras, a la familia del niño con cáncer. Conclusión: Los estudios revelaron el panorama nacional e internacional de los cuidados paliativos para niños con cáncer y la ruptura de la dinámica familiar en aspectos físicos, sociales, psicológicos y económicos, caracterizándolo como un período estresante y doloroso. Las enfermeras establecen enfoques terapéuticos dirigidos a promover la calidad de vida de los niños en cuidados paliativos y sus familias.

Cross-cultural Study about Cancer and Palliative Care in the Okinawa, Tohoku, and Tokyo Metropolitan Area

Background: Consideration of cultural aspects is important in medical care. We explored regional differences in cancer and palliative care among Okinawa, Tohoku, and Tokyo metropolitan area. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey of physicians involved in cancer medicine from September to November 2020. A total of 11 items related to physician experiences were rated using a 5-point Likert-type scale. Results: Responses were received from 553 physicians (187 in Okinawa, 219 in Tohoku, 147 in the Tokyo metropolitan area). In Okinawa, “When patients die, it is important that all family members are present at the last moment,” “Patients/family members primarily consult the elders of the family about the medical treatments,” “Family members hope the patients die at home, because the soul will not return when they die at the hospital,” “Patients/family members get advice from religious advisors about the medical treatments,” and “Family members wish to take the patient home when he/she is about to die and to confirm death at home” were significantly more frequently observed. In Tohoku, “Patients wish to be hospitalized at a specific season” was significantly more frequently reported. In Tohoku and Okinawa, “Patients hide cancer from neighbors and relatives” and “Elderly patients do not want treatment, because they cover the living expenses and education expenses for their children and grandchildren.” were significantly more frequently experienced. Conclusion: There are regional differences in cancer and palliative care in Japan. Being sensitive to the culture of the region is needed.

Study of psychological reaction within patients with advanced cancer after breaking bad news / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

We conducted cohort study of 170 patients with advanced cancer who admitted to the Palliative care department of NCC, Hope, Green Home and Grace Hospices. Bad news was informed before the hospitalization by Robert Buckman 6 steps. Psychological reactions of patients were observedimmediately after breaking bad news, after 30 minutes, after one day and after a week.Immediate psychological reactions of patients after breaking bad news was different: 25% of patientssat quietly withdraw into themselves and think about something, 24.2% - sighed heavily and stared in disbelief, 21% - cried or had watering eyes, 14.8% - felt mental relief and were thankful for telling truth, 12% - looked very sad and depressed, 9.7%- looked in fear and worrying. Psychological reaction like crying, fear, worrying were more common within female patients, and psychological reactions like withdraw into themselves and think about something were more common for male patients. After 30minutes patients started ask questions, 80% of patients want talk about treatment (asked questions about possibility for treatment abroad, about palliative treatment, and other therapeutic options), 30% of patients asked about prognosis, 29% of patients asked about possible complications, 19% of patients expressed their anger to family members, because they did not tell truth to them, 4 % ofpatients still expressed disbelief to bad news and they told that they are enough strong to fight with disease or they can find other treatment option. After 7 days 85% of patients were psychologicallycomfortable, because they accepted diagnosis and prognosis, 74 % of patients had very good communication with family, and 65% of them experienced psychosocial rehabilitation, 44%- prepared testament, 30% - finished uncompleted job.First several minutes after breaking bad news patients experienced severe psychological reactions, but after several days they came to psychosocial rehabilitation, for this reason we have to inform to patients truth about diagnosis and prognosis.