Exploration on the Paths of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Intervention to Improve the Quality of Life：Based on the Perspective of Configuration / 中医杂志

ObjectiveTo adapt to the dynamic multidimensional changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） constitution， the paths of improving the quality of life through TCM constitution intervention are proposed from a configuration perspective. MethodsFive hundred and nine subjects were included in the study， all of whom voluntarily participated in and completed TCM constitution interventions， and completed 60-item Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire （CCMQ） （including 9 subscales： neutral type， qi deficient type， yang deficient type， yin deficient type， phlegm-dampness type， damp-heat type， blood stasis type， qi stagnation type， and special constitution type） to evaluate the TCM constitution， and the Short Form Health Questionnaire （SF-36） in Chinese version （including overall， physical component scores （PCS）， and mental component scores （MCS）） before and 6 months after the intervention to evaluate the quality of life. The necessary condition analysis （NCA） and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis （fsQCA） were used to explore the necessary conditions and advantage configurations for improving the overall， physical and mental quality of life of TCM constitution dimension changes. ResultsThe results of NCA showed that the changes in the scores of neutral type and qi stagnation type can serve as necessary conditions for improving the SF-36 overall quality of life scores （P＜0.05）. The changes in the scores of neutral type and blood stasis type can serve as necessary conditions for improving PCS scores. The changes in scores of the other 7 types can serve as necessary conditions for improving MCS scores. The fsQCA results showed that the necessary consistency of a change in a particular physical subscale score alone did not reach to a necessary condition for a change in SF-36 total score， PCS score， and MCS score （consistency ＜ 0.9 for all）， so the results of NCA were considered. The results of configuration analysis found that 6 configurations were included in increasing the overall quality of life scores and PCS scores， and 7 in increasing the MCS scores， with overall consistency ＞ 0.7. Improving the overall quality of life scores required a focus on lowering the qi deficient type scores， or reducing the yang deficient type scores while increasing the neutral type scores； reducing the scores of phlegm-dampness type and qi stagnation type is beneficial for improving the PCS scores； increasing the neutral type scores and reducing the scores of deficient type， yang deficient type， phlegm-dampness type， and stagnation type is beneficial for increasing MCS scores. ConclusionTCM constitution interventions can improve physical， mental and overall quality of life， and its improvement in the mental domain of quality of life is closely related to the paths of overall quality of life. In order to improve the quality of life， in addition to increasing the tendency of the neutral type， more focused and targeted measures should also be taken to decrease the degrees of qi deficient type， yang deficient type， qi stagnation type， and phlegm-dampness type.

Research on Influencing Factors of Medical Liability in Medical Accidents Appraisal Based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis / 中国医院管理

Objective Explore the key factors and the type of combined role path of medical accident appraisal con-clusion for the medical responsibility,and provide solution countermeasures for the reduction of medical accidents and the construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.Methods Qualitative comparative analysis(QCA)was used to study 125 cases of medical accident appraisal center in a certain province from 2015 to 2019.The fsQCA software was used to detect the necessity of single factor and the configuration path of multiple factors.Results There were three solutions to the configuration of medical liability for medical accidents,with an solution consisten-cy of 0.853 659 and an overall coverage rate of 0.603 448;draw three paths for the conclusion of medical liability,and summarize three types of combined effects:medical institution management vacancy type,medical staff techni-cal negligence type,and comprehensive effect type of both doctors and patients.Conclusion Attaching importance to institutional management is the basis for evading medical liabilities,standardizing medical staff's diagnosis and treatment behavior is the core to reduce medical accidents,and strengthening humanistic concepts and doctor-pa-tient communication are the key to prevent medical accidents.

Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression among grassroots disease control and prevention staff in Hebei Province: A qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets / 环境与职业医学

Background Grassroots center for disease control and prevention (CDC) staff undertake intensive work of disease prevention and control, and may be susceptible to occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and other health problems. Objective To understand the current situation of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression among grassroots CDC staff, and to identify potential risk factor configurations for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), so as to provide a basis for effective intervention. Methods The staff working in county/district-level CDCs in Hebei Province were the target population of the current study. Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1860 staff members of the target population. A questionnaire of general situation, Job Content Scale, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used. Risk factor configurations associated with health outcomes of interest were identified by fsQCA3.0 software. Results The positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 42.69%, 44.25%, and 47.96%, respectively. Marital status was a necessary condition for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression in the grassroots CDC staff (the necessity values were 0.911, 0.939, and 0.933, respectively). There were two types of risk factor configurations for occupational stress: "self-improvement" and "disease burden"; the risk factor configurations for anxiety were "disease burden" and "economic-disease burden"; while the risk factor configurations for depression were "disease burden", "economic-disease burden", and "self-improvement". The overall consistency scores of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 0.941, 0.820, and 0.774, respectively. Regarding outstanding components, "self-improvement" included pressure of job requirements and promotion, "disease burden" included impact of chronic illness on psychological state, and "economic-disease burden" included not only impact of chronic illness but also financial support for CDC staff. Conclusion All positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression are high among grassroots CDC staff in Hebei Province. Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression of grassroots CDC staff are the results of multiple influencing factors, so targeted intervention measures should be formulated.

Comparative analysis of multiple models of electronic informed consent in clinical research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To provide decision-making support for electronic informed consent selection and promotion in clinical research, and lay a possible theoretical foundation for better protection of subjects′ rights and interests, as well as promotion of clinical research quality and efficiency.Methods:This paper summarized the relevant laws and regulations of electronic informed consent, analyzed the advantages and challenges of the application of electronic informed consent in clinical research, sorted out several common electronic informed consent modes in domestic clinical research, explored their operational processes and applications, and discussed their advantages and limitations.Results:At present, three electronic informed consent modes were mainly used in domestic clinical studies. Each had their own advantages and limitations in terms of convenience of operation, data security, privacy protection of subjects, cost input, popularization degree and so on.Conclusions:Electronic informed consent needs continuing improvement of relevant laws and regulations and the joint efforts of all stakeholders engaged in clinical research. The sponsor and the researcher should take full consideration of the cost, safety, security, feasibility, and ofters, and make the selection according to the actual needs of the research.

Research on the pathways of social responsibility of public hospitals based on qualitative comparative analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the influencing factors and pathways of social responsibility of public hospitals, and to provide a reference for public hospitals in China to further improve the social responsibility level.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, 22 tertiary public hospitals in a region were selected as study cases. The social responsibility score was used as the outcome variable, social benefit, appropriateness, quality, and efficiency were used as the conditional variables, and the qualitative comparative analysis was applied to investigate the combination of conditions affecting social responsibility evaluation of public hospitals.Results:The consistency of the social benefit, appropriateness, and quality was less than 0.9 and greater than 0.8, indicating that they were sufficient and non-necessary conditions for high social responsibility of public hospitals. The consistency of efficiency was 0.747, indicating that it was neither sufficient nor necessary condition. The configuration analysis showed that there were three paths for public hospitals to achieve high social responsibility: co-driven social benefit and appropriateness with high quality assistance, co-driven social benefit and efficiency with high quality assistance, and co-driven appropriateness and efficiency, with a coverage rate of 92.6%.Conclusions:Social benefit, appropriateness, quality, and efficiency can be combined in different ways to achieve high social responsibility in public hospitals. Public hospitals could develop targeted social responsibility improvement strategies according to the actual situation, and strengthen the synergy between the elements to improve the level of social responsibility in hospitals.

Comparative study of algorithms for information retrieval of brain puncture targets based on Hough transform circle detection / 军事医学

Objective To compare the principles and performance of three Hough transform algorithms(standard Hough transform,gradient based Hough transform,and random Hough transform)in order to establish a suitable control basis for precise and rapid recognition of targets and acquisition of target center coordinates for craniocerebral puncture robots.Methods A simulation environment in MATLAB software was built to study and analyze image feature recognition,filtering,edge detection,cumulative voting and other processing engineering.Contour recognition and fitting of target circles were achieved in multiple scenarios before their center coordinates were obtained.The recognition and fitting performance of these algorithms was quantitatively compared.Finally,a better detection algorithm based on the actual environment of the craniocerebral puncture robot was determined.Results The standard Hough transform algorithm had the largest error between the mark circle and the target circle,and the running time of this algorithm was the longest due to large computation.The detection speed of the random Hough transform algorithm was lower than that of the gradient-based Hough transform algorithm,but the fitting accuracy was slightly better than that of the standard Hough transform algorithm.The speed and accuracy of circle fitting based on the gradient Hough transform algorithm had significant advantages over the other two.Conclusion The gradient based Hough transform algorithm is more suitable for obtaining the target center coordinates of the craniocerebral puncture robot system.

Transcriptome analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata and mining of bolting and flowering genes / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Early bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata has seriously hindered its medicinal value and sustainable development of resources. The molecular mechanism of bolting and flowering of S. divaricata is still unclear and worth of research. In our study, we explored the transcriptome of the genes related to the bolting and flowering of S. divaricata.@*METHODS@#The transcriptome library was constructed, sequenced, assembled and annotated from the bolting and unbolting leaves of S. divaricata by high-throughput sequencing at the bud and flowering stage. Focus on the pathways related to bolting and flowering in plants, and exploring genes. The expression of seven candidate genes was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#Transcriptome results showed that 249 889 422 high-quality clean reads were obtained. A total of 67 866 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 948.1 bp. Trinity de Novo assembly produced 67 866 unigenes with an average length of 948.1 bp. Among 993 differentially expressed genes, 484 genes were significantly up-regulated and 509 genes were down-regulated in the SdM group. A total of 79 GO terms were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes. KEGG results showed that 11 154 unigenes were enriched in 89 pathways. And 21 candidate genes related to bolting and flowering of S. divaricata were excavated. The qRT-PCR results showed that expression trends of HDA9, PHYB, AP2, TIR1, Hsp90, CaM, and IAA7 were consistent with transcriptomic sequencing results. In addition, RNA-seq had identified 10 740 transcription factors and classified them into 58 families by their conserved domains. Further studies showed that the transcription factors regulating the flowering of S. divaricata were mainly distributed in the NAC, MYB_related, HB-other, ARF, and AP2 families.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the results of this study, it was found that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was one of the decisive factors to control bolting and flowering. Among them, auxin related genes IAA and TIR1 are the key genes in the bolting and flowering process of S. divaricata.

How can collaborative governance improve the participation rate of Huimin Insurance:A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis based on 50 cases / 中国卫生政策研究

This study takes 50 municipal level Huimin Insurance products launched in 2022 as the study object.Based on the theory of collaborative governance,a collaborative system framework of"Collaborative subject-Collaborative object-Collaborative environment"is constructed,extracting six variables:economic development level,residents'insurance awareness,government support level,internet platform participation,product price level,and product benefit level.Through the Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA)method,this paper empirically analyzes the influencing factors and configuration paths of Huimin Insurance participation rate,in order to explore the critical path for Huimin Insurance to achieve high participation rate and sustainable development.We find that government support is a necessary condition for a high participation rate.Finally,through conditional configuration analysis,it can be found that there are three paths:Government support-Product driven,Government support-Environment driven,and Comprehensive linkage-Collaborative system that can improve the participation rate of Huimin Insurance.Our findings can provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving the participation rate of Huimin Insurance.

Do politics and administration affect innovation performance? A comparative analysis / ¿La política y la administración afectan el desempeño de la innovación? Un análisis comparativo / A política e a administração afetam o desempenho da inovação? Uma análise comparativa

Abstract The paper's primary goal is to analyze the effects of politics and administrative capacity on countries' innovative performance. The inquiry comparatively examines possible correlations between democracy, political competition, income inequality, bureaucratic capacity, and corruption/transparency with countries' innovation results. The dependent variables are three performance indicators of the Global Innovation Indexes (GII). After presenting the theory and the descriptive data analysis on the research variables, the paper runs multivariate regression models to test the hypotheses. The empirical analysis reinforced that political and administrative dimensions are relevant to understanding the national innovation systems' achievements. However, democracy, bureaucracy quality and corruption/transparency are not influential factors in countries' innovative results as the normative assumptions would suppose. On the contrary, political competition and inequality considerably impact how economies innovate. In conclusion, the paper brought original and intriguing findings that put in perspective the claim that there is a unique path or rule of thumb for innovation growth. Consequently, the inferences provide insights to scholars and stakeholders, public and private, to improve the debates and decisions regarding the priorities for government actions in times of evidence-based policymaking.

Resumen El objetivo principal del documento es analizar los efectos de la política y la capacidad administrativa en el desempeño innovador de los países. La investigación examina comparativamente las posibles correlaciones entre democracia, competencia política, desigualdad de ingresos, capacidad burocrática y corrupción/transparencia con los resultados de innovación de los países. Las variables dependientes son tres indicadores de desempeño de los Índices Globales de Innovación (GII). Después de presentar la teoría y el análisis descriptivo de los datos sobre las variables de investigación, el documento ejecuta modelos de regresión multivariados para probar las hipótesis. El análisis empírico reforzó que las dimensiones política y administrativa son relevantes para comprender los logros de los sistemas nacionales de innovación. Sin embargo, la democracia, la calidad de la burocracia y la corrupción/transparencia no son factores influyentes en los resultados innovadores de los países como lo supondrían los supuestos normativos. Por el contrario, la competencia política y la desigualdad afectan considerablemente la forma en que las economías están innovando. En conclusión, el documento presentó hallazgos originales e interesantes que pusieron en perspectiva la afirmación de que existe un camino único o regla general para el crecimiento de la innovación. En consecuencia, las inferencias brindan información a académicos y partes interesadas, públicas y privadas, para mejorar los debates y las decisiones sobre las prioridades de las acciones gubernamentales en tiempos de formulación de políticas basadas en evidencia.

Resumo O objetivo principal do artigo é analisar os efeitos da política e da capacidade administrativa sobre o desempenho inovador dos países. A pesquisa examina comparativamente possíveis correlações entre democracia, competição política, desigualdade de renda, capacidade burocrática e corrupção/transparência com os resultados de inovação dos países. As variáveis dependentes são três indicadores de desempenho dos Índices de Inovação Global (GII). Após apresentar a teoria e a análise descritiva dos dados das variáveis da pesquisa, o trabalho emprega modelos de regressão multivariada para testar as hipóteses. A análise empírica reforçou que as dimensões política e administrativa são relevantes para entender as realizações dos sistemas nacionais de inovação. No entanto, democracia, qualidade da burocracia e corrupção/transparência não são fatores influentes nas performances inovadoras dos países como supõem os pressupostos normativos. Por outro lado, a competição política e a desigualdade impactam consideravelmente a forma como as economias estão inovando. Em conclusão, o artigo trouxe descobertas originais e interessantes que colocam em perspectiva a afirmação de que existe um caminho único ou regra geral para o crescimento da inovação. Consequentemente, as inferências fornecem subsídios para acadêmicos e atores envolvidos, públicos e privados, para melhorar os debates e decisões sobre as prioridades das ações governamentais em tempos de formulação de políticas baseadas em evidências.

Comparative analysis on occupational hazards of three welding operations / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.

Direito Penal e COVID-19 no espaço lusófono / Criminal Law and COVID-19 in the lusophone world / Derecho Penal y COVID-19 en el espacio lusofono

Objetivo: convocar as normas penais relevantes para o contexto pandémico dos ordenamentos jurídicos tomados como referência (Portugal, Brasil, Angola e Região Administrativa Especial de Macau) a fim de aferir das vantagens e desvantagens dos respetivos modelos. Metodologia: através de uma análise comparativa dos diferentes modelos, foi utilizado o método dedutivo para asserção da possível vantagem ou desvantagem, tendo em conta a função do Direito Penal. Resultados: as normas penais mais relevantes, em especial, o crime de desobediência, comum a todos os ordenamentos, acabam por assumir a natureza de normas penais em branco. Conclusão: tendo o contexto pandémico evidenciado a importância de uma efetiva tutela penal da saúde pública, a mesma deve ser feita através de um modelo que melhor cumpra a função de garantia do direito penal.

Objective: to identify the relevant criminal law norms for the pandemic context of the legal systems taken as reference (Portugal, Brazil, Angola and Macao Special Administrative Region) in order to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the respective models. Methods:through a comparative analysis of the different models, the deductive method was used to assert the possible advantage or disadvantage, taking into account the function of Criminal Law. Results: the most relevant criminal norms, in particular, the crime of disobedience, common to all ordinances, end up assuming the nature of blank criminal norms. Conclusion: having the pandemic context highlighted the importance of an effective criminal protection of public health, it should be done through a model that better fulfills the function of guarantee of criminal law.

Objetivo: identificar las leyes penales relevantes para el contexto pandémico de los sistemas jurídicos tomados como referencia (Portugal, Brasil, Angola y la Región Administrativa Especial de Macao) para evaluar las ventajas y desventajas de los respectivos modelos. Metodología: através de un análisis comparativo de los diferentes modelos, se utilizó e método deductivo para afirmar la posible ventaja o desventaja, teniendo en cuenta la función del derecho penal. Resultados: las normas penales más relevantes, en particular, el delito de desobediencia, común a todas las ordenanzas, acaban asumiendo la naturaleza de normas penales en blanco. Conclusión: habiendo evidenciado el contexto pandémico la importancia de una efectiva tutela penal de la salud pública, la misma debe hacerse a través de un modelo que cumpla mejor la función de garantía del derecho penal.

Estudio cadavérico de anteversión de cuello femoral en Población de Indonesia / Cadaveric Study Of Femoral Neck Anteversion In Indonesian Population

Objective: The normal morphology of femoral anteversion is an essential factor which determines the clinical results of hip replacement to achieve the normal activity and the length of the replaced joint. No previous study has been documented regarding normal value of femoral anteversion in Indonesian population and how they are different with Western, India and African population. This study aimed on measurement of normal femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population and compare it with existing data of Western, African and India values. Method: This cross-sectional study by measuring the femoral neck anteversion angle in 120 samples of Indonesians's cadaveric femur. Comparisons were made between Western, African and India. Result: The result showed that the average values of femoral neck anteversion angle in men were 11.60 ± 4.83 and 12.96 ± 5.1 in the right and left parts respectively, while in women, the results were 14.83+-5.14 and 13.37+-5.66 in right and left parts. The p value of ≤ 0.05 was considered to be significant. Conclusion: The mean femoral anteversion values of Indonesian population is 13.22. It is significantly different in comparison with Western, African, and Indian population.

How does a populist government interpret and face a health crisis? Evidence from the Mexican populist response to COVID-19 / Como um governo populista interpreta e enfrenta uma crise na área de saúde? Evidências provenientes da resposta populista mexicana à COVID-19 / ¿Cómo interpreta y enfrenta un gobierno populista una crisis de salud? Evidencia de la respuesta populista mexicana a la COVID-19

Abstract In 2020, governments were faced with addressing the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, without certainty about what would work best to reduce the health crisis without ruining the economy. Through all the uncertainty, national governments based their responses to COVID-19 on beliefs and political ideas, which was reflected on the diversity of the responses: liberal, authoritarian, centralized, decentralized, transparent, or opaque. In this article we focus on one of these responses, populism, and seek to understand how populist beliefs drive bureaucratic actions taken by a populist government to handle the health crisis. We conducted a comparative case study between the Mexican populist federal government and the non-populist Jalisco state government. Our findings suggest that the administrative actions chosen by the Mexican populist government were based on negative beliefs towards expert scientific knowledge from outside the government; a disinterest in searching for more information from distant or unfamiliar sources; and a strengthening of flagship programs as the main way to address the upcoming economic crisis. We also found that the Mexican government shows a peculiar manifestation of populism, which we refer as downsizing populism. Our article advances our understanding about how populism may affect the form and function of bureaucracies.

Resumo Em 2020, os governos foram confrontados com a necessidade de enfrentar a crise sanitária causada pela COVID-19, sem ter certeza sobre quais as melhores alternativas para lidar com a pandemia sem arruinar a economia. Em um marco de incerteza causada pelo novo vírus, os governos nacionais basearam suas respostas em crenças e ideias políticas, o que se refletiu na diversidade de respostas: liberais, autoritárias, centralizadas, descentralizadas, transparentes ou opacas. Nesse artigo, nos concentramos em um desses tipos de resposta, o populismo, e buscamos entender como as crenças populistas determinam as ações burocráticas adotadas por um governo para lidar com a crise sanitária. Com esse objetivo, fizemos um estudo de caso comparativo entre o governo federal mexicano (populista) e o governo do estado de Jalisco (não-populista). Nossos resultados sugerem que as ações administrativas adotadas pelo governo federal (populista) foram baseadas em crenças negativas com relação ao conhecimento científico especializado procedente de fora do governo; um desinteresse em buscar mais informações em fontes distantes ou pouco conhecidas; e o fortalecimento dos programas emblemáticos como a principal forma de enfrentar a crise econômica que se aproxima. Também descobrimos que o governo federal mexicano representa uma manifestação peculiar de populismo, que denominamos populismo downsizing (populismo que promove a redução do tamanho do estado). Nosso artigo permite avançar nosso entendimento sobre como o populismo pode afetar a forma e a função das burocracias.

Resumen En 2020, los gobiernos se enfrentaron a la necesidad de abordar la crisis de salud causada por la COVID-19, sin estar seguros de qué funcionaría mejor para abordar esta crisis de salud sin arruinar la economía. En un marco de incertidumbre provocado por el nuevo virus, los gobiernos nacionales basaron sus respuestas en creencias e ideas políticas, lo que se reflejó en la diversidad de respuestas: liberales, autoritarias, centralizadas, descentralizadas, transparentes o veladas. En este artículo, nos enfocamos en uno de esos tipos de respuestas, el populismo, y buscamos entender cómo las creencias populistas determinan las acciones burocráticas tomadas por un gobierno para enfrentar la crisis de salud. Para ello, realizamos un estudio de caso comparativo entre el gobierno federal mexicano (populista) y el gobierno del estado de Jalisco (no populista). Nuestros resultados sugieren que las acciones administrativas tomadas por el gobierno federal se basaron en creencias negativas con respecto al conocimiento científico especializado proveniente de fuera del gobierno; falta de interés en buscar más información de fuentes lejanas o poco conocidas; y el fortalecimiento de programas emblemáticos como principal forma de enfrentar la crisis económica que se avecina. También encontramos que el gobierno federal mexicano representa una manifestación peculiar del populismo, al que denominamos "populismo reductor" (populismo que promueve la reducción del tamaño del estado). Nuestro artículo nos permite avanzar en nuestra comprensión de cómo el populismo puede afectar la forma y función de las burocracias.

Research on the influencing factors of the organizational ability of medical ethics committee: a case study of tertiary hospitals in eastern China / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:Given the indispensable role played by medical ethics committees in protecting the rights and interests of subjects and researchers, such committees in China are found with weak organizational capacity. This study was designed to analyze the driving factors to improve their organizational capacity.Methods:Form July to September 2020, a survey and interview of 71 tertiary A hospitals in eastern China were conducd, and a total 60 valid samples were obtained. Through crisp-se qualitative comparative analysis(csQCA), the medical ethics committees of 60 tertiary hospitals were analyzed, and the factors affecting the organizational capabilities of the medical ethics committees and their combinations were explored.Results:Protection of rights and interests was key to medical ethics committee′s organizational capacity, while incompetency of the members and the irregular review process were sufficient reasons for the weak organizational capacity. There were six combinations of sufficient conditions for the medical ethics committee to be strong in organizational capacities, which could be explained by the three models of member capacity-orientation, system-process-orientation, and resource-system-orientation.Conclusions:The medical ethics committees are recommended to enhance members capacity, enhance team building; complete rules and regulations, and process mechanism; clarify organization structure, and optimize resource matching, in an effort to enhance the organizational capacity of these committees in China.

Comparative analysis of the detection and control standards for quinolone residues in animal-derived foods and supervision among multiple regulatory sectors / 上海预防医学

In order to compare the standards for quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and supervision among multiple regulatory sectors， we summarized and compared the current standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food in China and sampling examination strategy among regulatory sectors. There were defects in the standard limits of lomefloxacin， pefloxacin， ofloxacin， and norfloxacin which have been banned by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. In addition， the determination limits of those indexes in the supervision remain inconsistent across multiple regulatory sectors. Multiple regulatory sectors on food safety should perform further risk assessment on the above problems and formulate the standards for the limits of quinolone residues in animal-derived food that may be applicable in China.

Agenda feminista e serviços de cuidado infantil: brasil, argentina e uruguai / Agenda féministe et politiques de garde d´enfants: brésil, argentine et uruguay / Agenda feminista y servicios de cuidado infantil: brasil, argentina y uruguay / Feminist agenda and child care services: brazil, argentina and uruguay

Resumo Neste artigo, investigamos o nível de aderência dos serviços de cuidado de crianças de zero a três anos à agenda feminista de políticas públicas. Para isso, realizamos um estudo de casos qualitativo de três países latino-americanos (Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai), durante o "giro à esquerda". Analisando três indicadores parametrizados (elegibilidade, cobertura e tipo de jornada), identificamos avanços maiores no Uruguai, mais restritos na Argentina e intermediários no Brasil. A variação positiva foi maior para elegibilidade e cobertura, do que para tipo de jornada. Concluímos que essa assimetria na variação dos indicadores sugere que os avanços decorrem principalmente do reconhecimento dos direitos das crianças à educação, e, secundariamente, do compromisso com a igualdade de gênero.

Résumé Cet article examine le niveau d'adhésion à l'agenda féministe des politiques publiques concernant les services de garde d'enfants de zéro à trois ans. A ce fin, nous avons mené une étude de cas qualitative dans trois pays d'Amérique latine (Brésil, Argentine et Uruguay) à l'époque de leur "tournant à gauche". En analysant trois indicateurs paramétrés (éligibilité), couverture et modalités d'accueil), nous avons constaté que les progrès les plus importants concernaient l'Uruguay et les moindres l'Argentine alors qu'au Brésil ils étaient. La variation positive était plus significative. Pour l'égibilité et la couverture que pour les modalités d'accueil. Nous avons conclu que cette asymétrie dans la variation des indicateurs suggère que les progrès découlent plutôt de la reconnaissance des droits de l'enfant à l'éducation, et, secondairement, de l'engagement en faveur de l'égalité de genre.

Resumen En este artículo, investigamos el nivel de adhesión de los servicios de cuidado infantil (cero a tres años) a la agenda feminista de políticas públicas. Para esto, realizamos un estudio de casos cualitativo de tres países latinoamericanos (Brasil, Argentina y Uruguay), durante el "giro a la izquierda". Analizando tres indicadores parametrizados (elegibilidad, cobertura y tipo de jornada), logramos encontrar avances mayores en Uruguay, más restrictos en Argentina e intermedios en Brasil. Además, los resultados fueron más positivos para a elegibilidad y cobertura que para el tipo de jornada. Concluimos que esa diferencia apunta que los avances que ocurrieron están, primero, relacionados al reconocimiento de los derechos de la infancia y, secundariamente, al compromiso con la igualdad de género.

Abstract In this article, we investigate the level of adherence of childcare services (zero to three years of age) to the feminist public policy agenda. To do so, we conducted a qualitative case study of three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay), during the "left turn". Analyzing three parameterized indicators (eligibility, coverage, and type of school day), we identified greater progress in Uruguay, more restricted in Argentina and intermediate in Brazil. The positive variation was greater for eligibility and coverage, than for type of school day. We concluded that the results are related with the recognition of the right to childhood, firstly, and with commitment to gender equality, secondly.

Análisis comparativo del contenido que conforma el conocimiento de la gestión deportiva: instantánea en Cataluña / Comparative analysis of the content that conforms the knowledge of sports management: snapshot in Catalonia / Análise comparativa do conteúdo que conforme o conhecimento da gestão desportiva: instantâneo na Catalunha

La gestión deportiva evoluciona desde una gran cantidad de ámbitos. Conocer los contenidos que se desarrollan desde las dimensiones que dan fuerza al cuerpo de conocimiento de una disciplina permite identificar las diferencias entre ellas, así como las lagunas existentes. Desde esta perspectiva, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar los contenidos que se generan desde dimensiones como la formación, los congresos, la literatura científica y la divulgativa. Se realizó el análisis de los datos obtenidos en las páginas web identificándose 721 indicadores que atendieron a los criterios establecidos. Las áreas de contenido con mayor representatividad fueron operaciones, marketing y comunicación y deporte. Además, identificar las diferencias entre dimensiones permitió un análisis en mayor profundidad. Finalmente, se realizó una propuesta de diseño de investigación, incorporando dimensiones y métodos de investigación, brindando la oportunidad de continuar la línea aquí iniciada que permita una mayor aproximación al contexto real de la gestión deportiva.

Sports management evolves from a large number of areas. Knowing the contents that develop from the dimensions that give strength to the body of knowledge of a discipline allows to identify the differences between them, as well as the existing gaps. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to analyze the contents that are generated from dimensions such as training, congresses, scientific literature and informative. The analysis of the data obtained in the websites was carried out identifying 721 indicators that met the established criteria. The most representative areas of content were operations, marketing and communication and sports. In addition, identifying the differences between dimensions allowed an analysis in greater depth. Finally, a research design proposal was made, incorporating dimensions and research methods, providing the opportunity to continue the line started here that allows a closer approximation to the real context of sports management

O gerenciamento esportivo evolui de um grande número de áreas. Conhecer os conteúdos que se desenvolvem a partir das dimensões que dão força ao corpo de conhecimento de uma disciplina permite identificar as diferenças entre elas, bem como as lacunas existentes. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar os conteúdos gerados a partir de dimensões como treinamento, congressos, literatura científica e informativa. A análise dos dados obtidos nas páginas da web foi realizada, identificando 721 indicadores que atendiam aos critérios estabelecidos. As áreas mais representativas de conteúdo foram operações, marketing e comunicação e desportes. Além disso, identificar as diferenças entre as dimensões permitiu uma análise em maior profundidade. Por fim, foi elaborada uma proposta de projeto de pesquisa, incorporando dimensões e métodos de pesquisa, proporcionando a oportunidade de continuar a linha iniciada aqui que permite uma aproximação mais próxima ao contexto real da gestão esportiva

Thrombin generation and thromboelastometry tests in dogs with chronic kidney disease / Testes de geração de trombina e tromboelastometria em cães com doença renal crônica

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have paradoxical hemostatic potential because they have bleeding episodes but are also prone to thrombosis. Few studies have evaluated blood viscoelastic properties in dogs with kidney disease; on the other hand, hypercoagulability has been observed in these patients. It is also emphasized that the platelet function and its participation in this process have not yet been fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the Thrombin Generation Test (TGT) and also viscoelastic properties of the blood measured by thromboelastometry (TEM) in dogs with proteinuria in CKD. Twenty healthy dogs (Control Group) and 19 dogs with CKD in stage III or IV, classified according to International Renal Interest Society - IRIS, were selected, and the reference test of urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) should be greater than one (CKD group). Blood samples for TEM, thrombin generation, Prothrombin Time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), and fibrinogen concentration was collected at a single time for both groups after inclusion criteria being confirmed. Statistical analysis was performed according to the distribution of variables at 5% significance level. Differences were observed between healthy dogs and those with proteinuria in CKD noted in TEM. The TGT was unable to differentiate between sick and healthy groups. However, when the nephropathy was stratified, increases in TTP and peak thrombin concentration by TGT were observed in females and dogs over 30 days of diagnosis of CKD. Both tests signaled a discrete state of hypercoagulability. In fact, TEM is more sensitive to detect hypercoagulability in dogs with CKD. However, the TGT has potential clinical application by allowing long-term sample storage.(AU)

Os pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) apresentam um potencial hemostático paradoxal, pois apresentam episódios de sangramento, mas também são propensos à trombose. Poucos estudos avaliaram as propriedades viscoelásticas sanguíneas em cães com doenças renais, entretanto, a hipercoagulabilidade já foi observada nestes pacientes. Ressalta-se ainda que a função plaquetária e sua participação neste processo ainda não foram totalmente esclarecidas. O objetivo foi avaliar e comparar o teste de geração de trombina (TGT) e as propriedades viscoelásticas sanguíneas medidas pela tromboelastometria (TEM) em cães com DRC proteinúrica. Foram selecionados 20 cães saudáveis (grupo controle) e 19 cães com DRC em estágios III ou IV classificados segundo o IRIS e a relação proteína/creatinina urinária maior que um (grupo DRC). As amostras de sangue para a realização da tromboelastometria (TEM), geração de trombina, tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada (TTPA) e concentração de fibrinogênio foram colhidas em momento único para ambos os grupos após os critérios de inclusão confirmados. A análise estatística foi realizada de acordo com a distribuição das variáveis, ao nível de 5% de significância. Foi observada diferença entre os cães saudáveis e os com DRC proteinúrica observados na TEM. O teste de geração de trombina não foi capaz de diferenciar os grupos doente e saudável. Entretanto, quando os nefropatas foram analisados de forma estratificada, foram observados aumentos do ETP e da concentração máxima de trombina (peak) pelo TGT em fêmeas e em cães com mais de 30 dias de diagnóstico da DRC. Ambos os testes sinalizando para um discreto estado de hipercoagulabiliade. A tromboelastometria é mais sensível para detectar a hipercoagulabilidade em cães com DRC. Entretanto, o teste de geração de trombina tem melhor aplicabilidade por permitir o armazenamento da amostra em longo prazo.(AU)

Comparative analysis of the efficacy and toxicity between WT-2016 and NWTS-5 chemotherapy in the treatment of children with Wilms tumor / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To analyze the efficacy and toxicity of WT-2016 regimen by comparing the clinical effects between WT-2016 and NWTS-5 chemotherapy regimens in treating children with Wlims tumor(WT). Methods We reviewed clinical data of children with WT initially treated in Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to February 2019. The staging and classification was determined according to the NWTS standards. The chemotherapy regimen was chosen between WT-2016 or NWTS-5 program. Event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. The relapse rate, myelosuppression rate, sepsis rate, and the incidence of pulmonary infection or abnormal liver function were compared using chi-square test. Results Of 116 children, 40 patients were treated with chemotherapy regimen WT-2016 and 76 were treated with chemotherapy regimen NWTS-5. The follow-up duration was 10.8 months (range from 5.8 to 26.6 months) and 39.2 months (range from 4.5 to 66.5 months), respectively. Two-year OS estimate was 86.6% and 88.1% (P=0.64), respectively; two-year EFS estimate was 80.0% and 74.9% (P=0.90), respectively. Overall relapse rate was 7.5% and 25.0% (P=0.02), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate was 42.5% and 19.7% (P=0.01), respectively. Moreover, the relapse rate in children with low-stage tumors was 7.7% and 16.2% (P=0.77), respectively, and that in high-stage tumors was 7.4% and 33.3% (P=0.03), respectively. The relapse rate in children with non-anaplastic tumors was 9.1% and 22.6% (P=0.18), respectively; that in anaplastic tumors was 0% and 35.7% (P=0.12), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate in children with low-stage tumors was 23.1% and 0% (P=0.01), respectively; that in high-stage tumors was 51.9% and 38.5% (P=0.28), respectively. The grade myelosuppression rate in children with non-anaplastic tumors was 30.3% and 19.4% (P=0.35), respectively; that in anaplastic tumors was 100% and 21.4% (P<0.01), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of sepsis, pulmonary infection or abnormal liver function. Conclusion WT-2016 chemotherapy regimen is associated with significantly decreased relapse rate and increased incidence of myelosuppression in children with WT campared with NWTS-S regimen.

Comparative Analysis of Test and Retest Contents between the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing and the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide re ference for the relevant personnel of drug quality sampling and testing to understand and implement the new requirements in the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing . METHODS ：The test and retest requirements were compared between the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing and the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing. The revised and newly added contents were analyzed ，and the recommendations for implementation were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Referring to drug regulation need ，related requirements of test and retest in the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing were modified and supplemented on the basis of the Regulation of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing . In the requirements for test ，the requirements for test items were revised ，the requirements for test time limit were confirmed ，the requirements for test report ，original record and quality management system ，the definition of “serious risk ” and its reporting requirements were added newly. The requirements for exploratory research were put forward for test institutions， as well as new requirements for test institutions and inspectors ’behaviors. In the requirements for retest ，the materials to be submitted for retest were revised ，and the identity certificate of the manager and time limit certificate were added ；the situation of no-retest were revised ，and the treatment method were added when obviously visible foreign matters were detected ；transfer requirements for retest report were added newly. It is suggested that the relevant personnel should pay more attention to the above changes，strengthen the construction of test capacity a nd the management of tes t time and quality ，attach importance to serious quality risks ，actively carry out exploratory research ，and mind their own test behaviors ；strictly review retest materials ， pay attention to the newly revised no-test and comprehensively transfer the retest report according to the requir ements and actual situation ，conduct and implement the Management of Drug Quality Sampling and Testing actively.