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@#The lifespan of medical equipment depends on preventative maintenance. Properly functioning oxygen concentrators are the only practical sources of oxygen in many Low & Middle Income Countries and their use reduces mortality in hospitalised children. We provided 82 concentrators with pulse oximeters, split flow meters, oxygen tubing, and an oxygen analyser to 38 health facilities. Training and instructions on how to perform preventative maintenance were provided. The concentrators were monitored for three years after they were installed, by assessing the proportion of concentrators still producing optimal oxygen at greater than 85% purity, the proportion that underwent weekly maintenance checks, and the proportion that were faulty and repaired. A logbook for weekly documentation of performance, maintenance, faults and repairs, was employed. Faults were additionally identified by a biomedical engineer during the visits. Twenty nine oxygen concentrators underwent regular maintenance checks, 25 (86.2%) of which had a median of 30 (IQR: 9 - 65) checks. Twenty-four were functioning well throughout the three years. One concentrator was used for 23,807 hours before requiring repair. Fourteen (24%) of the 58 concentrators used at the start of the programme had problems, two were repaired, and 12 were replaced. Concentrator failure was mostly caused by excessive movement, dust, and leaking in the internal tubing. Routine preventative maintenance, thorough documentation of performance and reporting of problems, and having access to clinicians and a knowledgeable biomedical engineer are essential for oxygen concentrator longevity in health care facilities in low-resource settings.
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Objective To explore the application value of automatic nucleic acid extractor combined with vacuum concentrator in forensic DNA extraction. Methods Gradient samples of human peripheral venous blood were collected at 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280 and 320 fold dilution. The samples of each gradient were treated with no inhibitor, black oil, rust, fruit acid, tin foil and indigo, respectively. The automatic nucleic acid extractor was used for DNA purification and extraction of the above samples. The extracted DNA eluent （6 μL） was taken for amplification directly, and the rest was concentrated by vacuum concentrator. DNA was amplified and examined using the Investigator 26plex QS kit before and after concentration. Results Only gradient samples treated with fruit acid obtained complete STR typing results at 40 fold dilution. The other 5 methods obtained complete STR typing results at 40-160 fold dilution. The results of STR typing after DNA concentration showed that the average peak height and detection rates of gene loci both increased to a certain extent, but the effect was not obvious. Conclusion The automatic nucleic acid extractor has an efficient inhibitor removal ability and high extracting efficiency of DNA. The vacuum concentrator can concentrate DNA samples to a certain extent. Combining the automatic nucleic acid extractor with the vacuum concentrator can improve the examination success rate of forensic materials.
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Humanos , ADN/genética , Dermatoglifia del ADN , Repeticiones de Microsatélite , Ácidos Nucleicos , VacioRESUMEN
RESUMO Neste trabalho foi avaliado o processo foto-Fenton solar mediado por ferrioxalato como tratamento primário de um efluente têxtil bruto (E1) e como um processo de polimento, após processo de lodos ativados (E2). Por um ano, ao menos uma vez por mês, a eficiência de descoloração e o comportamento dos sólidos foram avaliados sob condições naturais de radiação, temperatura e características dos efluentes. As condições operacionais foram as seguintes: 50 mg L-1 de ferro, pH 5, 525 mg L-1 de H2O2, administrados em dosagens decrescentes. O oxalato foi adicionado na razão molar de 1:3 [Fe+3:(C2O4)-2]. A descoloração máxima de E1 foi de 67% para intensidade de radiação de 690 W m-2; já a de E2 foi de 95% para intensidade de 620 W m-2. Houve considerável aumento na turbidez e nos sólidos suspensos em função da precipitação do ferro e de sua ação coagulante. A degradação do complexante durante o processo no E2 em dias ensolarados provocou elevada sedimentabilidade dos sólidos do efluente final, resultando em um sobrenadante clarificado, o que não ocorreu em dias nublados.
ABSTRACT This work evaluates the solar photo-Fenton process mediated by ferrioxalate as a primary treatment of raw textile effluent (E1) and as a polishing step, after active sludge process (E2). For a year, at least once a month, the color removal's efficiency and solids' behavior in the oxidative process treatment were analyze under natural conditions of light, temperature and effluents characteristics. The operational parameters values were: 50 mg L-1 iron, pH 5, 525 mg L-1 H2O2, introduced in decreasing doses. The oxalate was added at the molar ratio of 1:3 [Fe+3:(C2O4)-2]. The color removal of E1 was 60% for 690 W m-2 of radiation intensity and 95% for 620 W m-2 intensity to E2. Considerable increases were observed in turbidity and suspended solids due to the iron precipitation and the consequent coagulant action. In sunny days, the complex degradation in E2 resulted in high settle ability of solids in the final effluent, resulting in a clear supernatant. This has not happened in cloudy days.
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Objective To improve the oxygen concentrator in the medical gas pipeline system according to standard YY 1468-2016 Oxygen concentrator air supply system for medical gas pipeline system.Methods Standard YY 1468-2016 about to be implemented was analyzed based on standard YY/T 0298-1998 Medical molecular sieve oxygen generator general technical specification.Management measures were proposed for the oxygen concentrator according to standard YY 1468-2016.Results The oxygen concentrator in the medical gas pipeline system was optimized so that the requirements of compulsory standards were met.Conclusion The oxygen concentrator in the medical gas pipeline system has to be enhanced in running,supervision and management to meet the requirements of the new standard.
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This paper is to explore the feasibility of molecular sieve oxygen generator in the supply of oxygen in hospital. By introducing the different principles of oxygenation technology of pressure swing adsorption and oxygenation technology of heavy cooling, this article compared the merits of two ways in national regulations, safety, convenience, and economical efficiency. Oxygenation technology of pressure swing adsorption was more advanced, more automated and life-longer compared with cylinder oxygen supply and central oxygen supply. Molecular sieve oxygen generator is a new generation of oxygen generating equipment with a good application prospect, and can provide a better choice for hospital oxygen supply.
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A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) using benzoic acid as template molecule, 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) as functional monomer, ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as cross-linker, was prepared by bulk polymerization. The needle-type gas concentrator was developed using the MIP as adsorption medium. The device was coupled with gas chromatography (GC) for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The effect of polymerization conditions on adsorption property, such as polymerization time, ratio of the reagents, pre-polymerization time, type of solvents, type of template molecules, has been evaluated. The results of gas chromatographic analysis demonstrated that the optimum conditions for getting the best adsorption performance of the synthesized were polymerization time 6 h at 60 ℃, the ratio of the reagents (template molecule : functional monomer : cross-linker) 1∶ 4∶ 20, pre-polymerization time of 3 h, acetonitrile as solvent, benzoic acid as template.
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[Objective]To explore the cause and treatment of refractory nonunion of patella combined with handicapped joint function.[Method]Retrospective analysis was given to twenty-four patients diagnosed as patellar nonunion that had been admitted to our hospital from Jan 1992 to Jan 2006.The series included fifteen males and nine females with an average age of 36(range 12-71) years.Initial treatment of the original fractures was nonoperative in 3,cerclage with wiring or suture silk in 11,tension band wiring in 6 and modified tension band wiring in 4.All fractures progressed to symptomatic nonunion at an average of 18 months from original injury(range 5-32).All patients were given open reduction and internal fixation,which consisted of Nickel-Titanium patella concentrator(NT-PC) in 9,NT-PC combined with cannulated compression screws in 6,combined with Kirschner wire in 5 and tension band wiring in 4.[Result]Twenty-four patients were followed up with an average of 35(range 6-168) months.The time of bone union averaged 4.2(range 3-6) months.No bone block displacement,loosening or breakage of internal fixation happened.According to Xu Shaoting' s knee function scores,the results were excellent in 14 cases,good in 6 cases,fair in 3 cases and poor in 1 cases.The excellent and good rate was 83.3%.[Conclusion]Operative reconstruction of smooth joint surface,rigid internal fixation and early functional exercise are effective remedies to refractory nonunion of patella combined with handicapped joint function.
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Objective To discuss the application value of the Nickel-Titanium patella concentrator(NT-PC) in surgical treatment of patellar fracture.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 32 cases of patellar fracture treated with the NT-PC in this hospital from January 2001 to December 2003.Results Re-examination of radiography at 12 weeks after surgery showed bone union was achieved in all the cases,with a smooth patellofemoral articular surface.The patella was preserved completely in all the comminuted fracture cases.According to the Lu's criteria,excellent and good outcomes were achieved in 26 and 6 cases,respectively,the rate of excellent or good results being 100%.The NT-PC was removed at 4 months ~ 2 years(mean,14 months) postoperatively without complications.Conclusions Application of NT-PC in the treatment of patellar fracture can preserve the comminuted patella completely,facilitate the reduction and fixation of the patellofemoral articular surface,and make early postoperative motions available.It is worthy of being recommended.
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This paper introduces a kind of design scheme with the application of M-bus to concentrated oxygen supply data acquisition and measurement.The method to integrate all kinds of consumable equipments and products of different companies is also presented.It is proved that the data acquisition system by M-bus can be applied to concentrated oxygen supply data acquisition and measurement in hospital.
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BACKGROUND: Oxygen concentrators are convenient to operate and economical for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, oxygen concentrators are not manufactured domestically and the COPD patients are currently treated with imported oxygen concentrators. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestically developed prototype oxygen concentrator before clinical application, the efficacy and safety of the domestic oxygen concentrator were evaluate by comparing with the imported one. Meterial and METHODS: The clinical tests were performed on 36 hyperhydrosis patients from April 1999 to August 1999. Domestic and imported oxygen concentrators were in turn applied to the same patient, who inspired oxygen for 60 minutes at a rate of 3 liters per minute through nasal prong. The oxygen concentrator, which was applied first, was randomly allocated. The arterial partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was estimated to compare the efficacy; and the carboxy hemoglobin(COHb), pH, arterial CO2 partial pressure, pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate to compare the safety before and after applying each oxygen concentrator. A student t-test was used to analyze the results. RESULTS: In respect to efficacy, the difference in the change of PaO2 before and after the application between two concentrators was not statistically significant. In respect to safety, the differences in the changes of COHb, pH, partial pressure of arterial CO2, pulse rate, blood pressure, respiration rate between two concentrators were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The domestically developed oxygen concentrator, showed satisfactory efficacy and safety when compared with the imported one.
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Humanos , Presión Sanguínea , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Oxígeno , Presión Parcial , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Frecuencia RespiratoriaRESUMEN
Objective To assess the performance of onboard oxygen generating and supplying system. Methods A model of a person and 8 volunteers in hypobaric chamber and rapid decompression chamber underwent the tests of producing oxygen ability of the oxygen concentrator of board oxygen generating system normal performance tests on oxygen supply at 0～8 000m, performance tests at cruising altitude for longrange, warning performance tests, secondary oxygen switch tests, positive pressure oxygen performance tests and rapid decompression performance tests. Results All the ability of producing and supply of oxygen, and the normal and the emergency performance of onboard oxygen generating system could fulfill the system physiological requirements. Conclusion On board oxygen generating and supplying system could meet pilots normal and emergeney needs when pilots aviate for long range in high altitude.
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Objective: To analyze the design of Nitinol Patellar Concentrator (NT-PC) and its biomechanic characteristics for treating comminuted patellar fractures.Methods:NT-PC and patellar was analyzed by ANSYS software,the finite element was three dimension brick unit with 20 nodes, 8 faces, and the degree of freedom was 6.In NT-PC,10 483 units were divided and the number of nodes was 17 959;In Patellar,8 775 units were divided and the number of nodes was 15 847.The patellar model was loaded according to the 5 converging directions of NT-PC.Results:NT-PC had tension force on its internal face and pressure force in its external face.The maximum value was 195.8 MPa and -18 MPa,which was far from its utmost stress and fatigue limit.The memory converging force of NT-PC was 134 N.The stress (0.8 MPa) was evenly distributed on the patellar surface.Stress calculation of every node indicated that positive stress was the main stress.Conclusion: The design of NT-PC is reasonable and has good reusing character.After fixation, exercise is allowed immediately after operation.The continual positive stress is good for the stability of fracture end and fracture healing.
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BACKGROUND: For the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring long-term oxygen therapy, oxygen concentrator machines are already widely available for use in home. In this study, we used mongrel dogs as test subjects to compare the functional efficiency and safety of the oxygen concentrator developed by our own research team with those of the imported FORLIFE (TM) machine made by AIRSEP Corp. Method and method: To test mechanical reliability, the concentrations of oxygen delivered were measured after 4 hours of continuous operation. Sixteen mongrel dogs were divided into two equal groups. Mongrel dogs in group A were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator, and those in group B using the machine developed. 5 l/min of oxygen were given, after which vital signs were analyzed, arterial blood gases measured, and blood chemistry tests carried out. RESULTS: After 4 hours of continuous operation, the imported model performed better, giving 98+/-3% oxygen, compared to our model, which gave 91+/-1%. In the animal experiments, oxygen concentrations were measured at the inlet of face mask 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after continuous administration, and there was no statistically significant difference (repeated measures of analysis of variance p=0.70) between the values of 70.6+/-2.5%, 67.1+/-2.9%, 68.2+/-2.6%, and 64.9+/-3.9% that were measured from group A, and the values of 65.1+/-4.8%, 65.2+/-3.6%, 68.7+/-4.3%, and 66.0+/-5.0% measured from group B. Before oxygen administration, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after oxygen administration, arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen 87.2+/-2.5 mmHg, 347.4+/-29.3 mmHg, 353.4+/-21.2 mmHg, 343.0+/-28.8 mmHg, and 321.6+/-24.4 mmHg, respectively, were read from group A, which were not statistically different (p=0.24) to the values of 102.5+/-9.6 mmHg, 300.3+/-17.1 mmHg, 321.6+/-23.7 mmHg, 303.4+/-27.4 mmHg, and 273.5+/-25.9 mmHg read from group B. Nonetheless, the arterial blood partial pressure of oxygen values appear to be somewhat higher in dogs that were given oxygen using the imported oxygen concentrator. CONCLUSIONS: From these results the prototype oxygen concentrator developed appears to function relatively satisfactorily compared to the imported, established model, but may be criticized for the excessive noise generated and poor long-term endurance or consistency, which need improvement.