An Integrated Digital Magnetic Resonance Imaging Spectrometer / 中国医疗器械杂志

An integrated digital magnetic resonance imaging spectrometer was proposed in this study. By using the FPGA chip Artix7 200T, timing control, data processing, digital frequency conversion and phase control were implemented into a single-chip, thus effectively improved timing accuracy and phase accuracy, while avoided the structural design complexity caused by multi-board connection and improved system integration and imaging quality.

Effect of comprehensive quality control intervention on the use of antibiotics and standardized medical record writing in the elderly patients with closed fracture / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive accusation intervention on the use of antibacterial drugs and the writing of medical records in elderly patients with closed fracture.Methods:A total of 120 elderly patients (aged ≥60 years) with fracture were enrolled from January 2017 to June 2019 in the department of orthopaedics and traumatology of the Second Hospital of Tangshan University and the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Technology. According to random number table method, 120 patients were divided into intervention group (61 cases) and non intervention group (59 cases) by computer random number method. The patients in the intervention group received pharmaceutical care and quality control management intervention during the perioperative period; The patients in the non intervention group were routinely treated with antibiotics and wrote medical records. The use effect of antibiotics, the cost of antibiotics and the effect of standardized writing of medical documents were compared between the two groups. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between measurement data groups with normal distribution, and χ 2 test was used for comparison between counting data groups. Results:Compared with the non-intervention group, the rate of perioperative use of antibiotics (49.2% (30/61)), the rate of drug use without indication (4.9% (3/61)), the rate of irrational drug selection (6.6% (4/61)), the rate of irrational drug use (6.6% (4/61)), and the proportion of irrational combined use of antibiotics (3.3% (2/61)) were significantly lower than that in the non-intervention group (81.4% (48/59), 16.9%(10/59), 22.0% (13/59), 20.3% (12/59), 18.6% (11/59)), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 values were 13.65, 4.49, 5.91, 4.93 and 7.33, respectively; P values were <0.001, 0.034, 0.015, 0.026 and 0.007,respectively). The cost of antibiotics in the intervention group ((283.86±59.86) yuan) was lower than that in the non intervention group ((820.45±136.27) yuan), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=27.478, P<0.001). The eligible rate of the pre-operative informed consent document signing was 100% (61/61) in the intervention group, and the eligible rate of the operative record completion time was 100% (61/61) higher than that in the non-intervention group (84.7% (50/59), 79.7% (47/59)), the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 values were 7.98 and 13.79; P values were 0.005 and <0.001). The loss rate of preoperative alternative therapy (0) and postoperative communication (0) were significantly lower than those of non-intervention group (11.9% (7/59), 10.2% (6/59)) (χ 2 values were 5.68 and 4.56; P values were 0.017 and 0.033). Conclusion:The implementation of comprehensive quality control intervention mode reduced the application of unreasonable antibiotics and standardized the writing of inpatient medical records. It is of great significance for the rational use of antibiotics and the standardization of medical record writing in the elderly patients with closed fracture.

2-Deoxy-D-Glucose: A Ray of Hope in COVID Pandemic

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a respiratory tract infection that has already made a huge negative impact in global health situation. Transmission mainly occurs through droplets, and the virus is highly contagious. Mainly symptomatic treatments are given at present with some drugs for serious patients with unproven efficacy and safety. In this context, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, a research laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organization in collaboration with Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Hyderabad, has introduced a new medicine named 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) (which has been previously tried in cancer) for the treatment of seriously ill COVID patients with a target to reduce the oxygen demand. Clinical trials showed evidence that 2-DG effectively reduces oxygen requirement in seriously ill patients, and real-time polymerase chain reaction conversion is also faster. Recently, 2-DG is approved for the use in critically ill patients by the Drug Controller General of India in May 2021. The introduction of 2-DG brings a new hope in reducing the mortality in COVID patients.

Design and application of moxibustion mechanical arm / 针刺研究

Traditional moxibustion treatment mainly relies on doctors using specific techniques to stimulate the patient's acupoints with ignited moxa sticks. In view of the poor reproducibility, and different methods of different doctors, difficult to carry out quantitative and qualitative research work in clinical research, a moxibustion mechanical arm was designed. The hardware modules of the mechanical arm are composed of power, micro controller STM32, position servos, moxibustion strip thruster, human-computer interaction panel and sensors; the software parts are composed of main control program and interrupt service program. The use of this moxibustion mechanical arm will enhance the system's multi-task adaptability and could perform a variety of moxibustion methods including circling moxibustion and sparrow-pecking moxibustion. The data collected in real time will be transmitted to PC through bluetooth, displayed on OLED, and the system operation modes could be switched by button. Clinical trials showed that moxibustion mechanical arm had the same treatment effects with traditional moxibustion. Meanwhile, its convenience of ope-ration, repeatability of treatment, doctors and patients's treatment experience are all better than those of traditional moxibustion.

Factors affecting readmission for asthma exacerbation in children attending Alexandria university children-hospital

Background: The admission rate for bronchial asthma has increased dramatically all over the world. This increase in admission influences the children’s quality of life in addition to health care cost. Objective of the study was to identify the risk factors for readmission because of acute asthmatic attacks.Methods: Case control study applied on asthmatic children admitted because of acute asthma attacks attending emergency room, paediatric intensive care unit and inpatient wards of Alexandria university children's hospital, Alexandria, Egypt in the period from September 2016 to July 2017. The study group was subdivided into 2 groups; group (A) readmitted within one year from first admission and group (B) firstly admitted.Results: The mean age in group (A) and (B) was 9.09±3.98 and 8.65±4.01 respectively. Males were more than females in both groups, and no sex differentiation effects on readmission. The duration of the disease in readmitted group ranged from 1-8 years, it was a risk factor for acute asthma readmission. Viral infection, exercise and dust were risk factors for acute asthma exacerbation readmission. Disease severity was found to have a higher percentage of hospitalization; cases with severe and moderate bronchial asthma compared to mild cases. Readmitted patients had more sleep disturbance and lack of school attendance. Readmitted patients were less adherent to treatment.Conclusions: Duration of the disease, viral infections, common cold, dust and exercise are risk factors for acute asthma readmission. Severity of the disease and adherence to medications affect acute asthma readmission.

Aplicación del Responsive Web Design en la creación e implementación del sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria / Application of Responsive Web Design in the creation and implementation of the website of the Placental Histotherapy Center

La diversidad de dispositivos conectados a Internet ha conllevado en la actualidad a un cambio en la concepción del diseño Web. La navegación, utilizando dispositivos de diferentes resoluciones y tamaños de pantalla, ha modificado de manera radical la experiencia del usuario. El sitio Web del Centro de Histoterapia Placentaria de Cuba creado en el año 2000 y modificado en varias ocasiones, según las tendencias del diseño no está ajeno a esta realidad. El objetivo general de este trabajo es crear e implementar un nuevo diseño del sitio, aplicando la filosofía de Responsive Web Design. Su empleo garantiza la visibilidad del sitio en cualquier dispositivo; ya sea, Smartphone, tableta, computadoras o smart TV. El diseño estuvo basado en el patrón Modelo-Vista-Controlador; en la Vista se concibieron dos interfaces, una para el usuario y otra para el administrador del sitio. El nuevo diseño soluciona el problema de la visibilidad en la gama de dispositivos móviles, permite un mejor posicionamiento del sitio en los buscadores y crea las bases para incorporar nuevos servicios como el Comercio Electrónico(AU)

The diversity of devices connected to the Internet has changed the conception of Web design. The navigation, using devices of different resolutions and screen sizes has radically modified the user experience. The Website of the Placental Histotherapy Center of Cuba, created in 2000 and modified several times according to design trends, is not far of this reality. The general objective of this work is to create and implement a new site design, applying the philosophy of Responsive Web Design, which allows the visibility from devices, such as: Smartphone, Tablet, computers or smart TV. The design was based on the Model-View-Controller pattern; In Vista, two interfaces were conceived, one for the user and another for the site administrator. The new design solves the problem of visibility in the range of mobile devices, allows a better positioning of the site in the search enginesand creates the bases to incorporate new services such as Electronic Commerce(AU)

Some problems in control therapy of asthma in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory diseases in children. Within the recent decades, prevalence of childhood asthma has increased gradually in China,but the clinical control level is out of expectation. How to use the anti-inflammatory drugs correctly plays a key role in the long-term management of childhood asthma, which directly affects the outcome of disease. Epidemiological survey in China showed that there was a coexistence of in-sufficient controllers use and excessive controllers use in the management of childhood asthma in China. Now,the opti-mal selection of medications,dosage,course of treatment,safety,compliance and other concerns needing attention in the management of childhood asthma,were described based on the current research progress in the treatment of children with controllers,and current status of long-term asthma control in practice.

Design of inflatable bed aerator for bedsore prevention based on medical compressed air supply / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design an inflatable bed aerator to replace the traditional inflator pump.Methods The aerator used MCS-51 SCM micro control unit as the core component and compressed air as the air source,which was composed of the modules for main control,power supply,air pressure detection,liquid crystal display,button as well as real-time clock and alarming.Results The aerator gained the same efficacy as the traditional inflator pump,while the noise was decreased to the patient and medical staffs,which behaved particularly well for the bedsore prevention of the critical patient.Conclusion The aerator has simple structure,easy operation and high stability,which can be used for the inflation of two air cushions simultaneously and for timely alarming against failures,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Design of controller for cabin air environment of special vehicles / 军事医学

Objective To design a controller for the air environment of cabins of special vehicles .Methods The microprocessor was used to collect and store parameters ,and calculate automatically the operative mode of actuators ,such as the fan,air-conditioner,oxygenerator,air cleaner, filtering and boosting devices according to the preset target values .Output commands by RS485 were used to control actuators .Results and Conclusion The controller is capable of control integration for air-adjusting equipment while improving the control effect of the air quality in cabins of special vehicles .

Design of thermal alarm sensing controller of high-frequency electric knife against risk of burns / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a thermal alarm sensing controller to avoid burns by the high-frequency electric knife in the operating room. Methods The system development of the controller was executed under Visual DSP, and a thermal alarm sensing control method based on multi-thread temperature feedback regulation was proposed for eliminating the risk of the burns by the high-frequency electric knife in the operating room. The functional and technical indexes of the controller were analyzed to construct its overall framework model, the control law was designed for the temperature feedback control of the controller, and proportion-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm was applied to the improvement of the controller. Modular design was involved in the controller hardware which was composed of the temperature sensing AD module, baseline drift suppression module, high voltage adjust module, interrupt module and alarm communication circuit. Software process was designed, and then simulation experiment was carried out to test the performances of the controller. Results The controller gained advantages in high loading performance and high-frequency baseline at zero level to realize compensation, and was gifted with high anti-interference ability and precision when fulfilling the safety control of the high-frequency electric knife by multi-thread temperature regulation and overheating interrupt. Conclusion The controller behaves well in the alarm against the burns by the high-frequency electric knife in the operating room.

Development of ultrasonic frostbite treatment instrument / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an ultrasonic frostbite treatment instrument to enhance the efficiency of its treatment.Methods The instrument was designed with thermal effect of ultrasound,which used LPC1788 controller as the core of the hardware circuit.Corresponding software was developed based on KEIL uvision4.0 platform.The instrument was composed of the circuits for square wave generation,boosting,transduction,LCD and power source.Results Five-to-seven-day treatment by the instrument gained high efficacy,and no adverse response occurred.Conclusion The instrument has the characteristics of high reliability,strong controllability,wide adaptation and no side effects,and thus is worthy promoting practically for the clinical treatment of frostbite.

Development of new-type intelligent medicine chest based on Java and PLC technologies / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a new intelligent medicine chest to update medical prescription and select medicine automatically based on the patient's requirements.Methods Information interaction was realized with Bluetooth and the connection between Java-based Yiyi health management app and a PLC module of the chest,so that auto dressing,medicine sorting and distribution could be executed according to medical prescription.The medicine chest was composed of PLC,constant-speed motor,sheave,lead rail mechanism,guide slot for medicine distribution,base,stricking mechanism and pushpull electromagnet.Results The chest eliminated medicine abuse,missed use or excessire use of the elderly.Conclusion The chest gains advantages in structure and function,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

PID controller design to generate pulsatile flow rate for in vitro experimental studies of physiological flows

Producing accurate pulsatile flow rates is essential for many in vitro experimental studies in biofluid dynamics research. A controller system was developed to control a flow loop to produce easily adjustable pulsatile flow rates with sufficient accuracy. An Arduino board is used as a micro-controller to control a pump to produce various pulsatile flow rates, and an open-source proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is developed for this purpose. Four non-trivial pulsatile waveforms were produced by the PID controller, as well as an iterative controller, and the performance of both controllers was evaluated. Both the PID and iterative controllers were able to successfully produce slowly-varying signals (single and multi-harmonic low frequency sine waves), but for high frequency signals where the flow has strong acceleration/deceleration (e.g. for physiological waveforms) the iterative controller exhibited significant undershoot. The comparison of PID and iterative controllers suggests that if the desired flow rate is a low frequency, simple waveform then the iterative controller is preferred due to simplicity of implementation. However, if the desired signal is rapidly changing and more complicated then the PID controller achieves better results. This system can be implemented in many flow loops due to its simplicity and low cost, and does not require a mathematical model of the system.

Green Energy Generation Using FLC Based WECS With Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries

ABSTRACT Green Energy Generation Using Wind energy conversion system is achieved using Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries and Fuzzy logic controller. Presented scheme also provides the constant output power for the stand alone loads like Island, Hills Stations, Ships and Remote locations etc. A fuzzy-logic controller based Wind energy conversion system with permanent magnet synchronous machine is simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The controller provides the constant output voltage in Buck Boost Converter with the wind fluctuations. The SPWM based inverter can be used to produce the constant output voltage with constant frequency. Also a thin and light weight Lithium Ion Polymer Batteries provides the energy back to the Wind energy conversion system , when the wind speed decreases below the base wind velocity. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed fuzzy-logic-based controller and comply with the theoretical results. The performance of the system is compared using various controllers.

Design of fuzzy PID control algorithm and simulink simulation for temperature control system of wave bioreactors / 军事医学

Objective To design a temperature control strategy for wave bioreactors.Methods According to the requirements of temperature control precision and response speed of wave bioreactors,the traditional PID control method was combined with fuzzy control method which was used to adjust the parameters of the PID control in real time online in order to strengthen the ability of the temperature control strategy to regulate temperature.Results A fuzzy PID controller was completed and simulation results were compared with the traditional PID controller.Conclusion The fuzzy PID control method has a smaller overshoot and shorter stability than the traditional one, so it has a higher temperature control performance.

Fixed Dose Combination Of Drugs: Are They Justified.

Abstracts: Background:Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) are combinations of two or more active drugs in a single form. Prescribing FDCs has become a routine affair in medical practice. Combination drugs increase the compliance of patient to the treatment, decrease the pill burden, but may also lead to increase in the cost of the treatment and side effects. There has been increase in the irrational FDCs in the recent past. The rationality of a fixed dose combination is the most controversial and debated issue in today’s clinical practice. The eighteenth essential medicine list (EML) of WHO includes 25 FDCs while as the 2011 national list of essential medicines (NLEM) of India includes only18 FDCs. Contrary to this Indian market is flooded with FDCs, the scientific rationale for most of these remains unknown. In India, a fixed dose combination of drugs is considered a “NEW DRUG” and has to be approved by Drugs Controller General, India (DCGI). However, the Indian laws governing the approval and marketing of FDCs are not properly defined, the pharmaceutical manufactures take advantage of these loopholes and market combination that have no pharmacological rationale.

Impact of new regulations on clinical trials in India.

Background: India is one of the major destination for conducting clinical trials. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is the governing body responsible for all pharmaceutical-research and regulatory issues in India. While conducting clinical trials in India, regulations have come to ensure safety and wellbeing of the study subjects in the trial. The present study was planned to see the number of trials approved by DCGI and their trend over the last 8 years in view of new regulatory guidelines. Methods: Data obtained from website of the Regulatory Authority i.e. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regarding DGCI Approval of clinical trials from 2007 till 2014 are noted for analysis. Results: Total 1799 Trials Approved. 2007 had lowest approvals with 3 clinical trials & 2010 being highest with 500 trial approvals. Mean ± SD Approval of 224.88 ± 172.46 with Median rate of 206 per year was observed. Trend of Trials approved by DCGI shows sharp peak around 2008-2010 which follows sharp fall around 2013. Conclusion: The present study highlights the impact of these new regulations on Clinical Trials registered for approval of DCGI.

Comparison between animal temperature controller and artificial climate chamber employed for the establishment of classical heat / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the differences between animal temperature controller (ATC) and artificial climate chamber (ACC) used for the establishment of classical heat stroke (CHS) rat model.Methods Twenty-four male specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomly (random number) and equally assigned to three groups,namely room temperature control (C-C) group,heat stroke under conscious state (HS-C) group,and heat stroke under anesthesia (HS-A) group.Rats of HS-C or HS-A group were placed into ACC or ATC,then exposed to 35 ℃ heat stress.The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and core body temperature (Tc) were monitored.The time required for onset of HS was recorded.The white blood cell count (WBC) in peripheral blood and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were measured.The histopathological changes of major organs were also confirmed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.Results The onset time in HS-A group was significantly shorter thanthatin HS-C group [(40.0 ± 4.3) minvs.(110.1 ± 5.3) min,P＜0.01].The SBP and Tc at this moment were lower in HS-A group [(159.1 ± 5.91) mmHg vs.(174.54 ± 5.77) mmHg,P＜0.01;(43.5 ± 0.4)℃ vs.(44.4 ± 0.2)℃,P＜0.01].TheWBC,CRP,TNF-α and IL-1 β levels of these two HS groups were dramatically elevated compared with C-C group (P ＜0.01).The inflammatory cytokines levels in HS-A group were significantly lower than those in HS-C group (P ＜ 0.01),but there was no difference in WBC between them (P ＞ 0.05).However,there was no obvious difference in histopathological change in major organ observed between HS-A and HS-C groups.Conclusions In comparison of these two methods,ATC is similar to ACC in respect of the establishment of CHS rat model.ATC is quicker in onset of HS,and more simplified and economical than ACC and could substitute ACC.

Evaluation of fitness in implant screw as tightening torque in dental laboratory

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the tightening torque for dental implant in dental laboratory and to analyze of the effects of different tightening torque. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tightening torque for dental implant in dental laboratory were measured by digital torque gauge. The length of abutment and analog were measured as tightening torque of manufacturer's instructions and the measured value. And the data were statically analyzed. RESULTS: The mean tightening torque of implant screw in dental laboratory was 1.563 +/- 0.332 Ncm. The external type implant system of total length were showing no significant differences but the internal type implant system had difference significant (P < 0.05) when compared with tightening torque. CONCLUSION: The implant prosthesis should be made under manufacturer's instructions especially as tightening torque of screw. For the fidelity of implant prosthesis, dental technician should learn how to use the torque gauge.

Digital controller design considering hardware constraints: application in a paraplegic patient

INTRODUCTION: A methodology was developed for implementing closed-loop control algorithms and for evaluating the behavior of a system, considering certain component restrictions used in laboratory implementation. METHODS: Mathematical functions representing a model of the biological system were used for knee extension/flexion movements. A Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller and another one using the root locus method were designed to control a patient’s leg position by applying functional electrical stimulation (FES). The controllers were simulated in Matlab and ISIS Proteus. After the simulations were performed, the codes were embedded in a microcontroller, and tests were conducted on a paraplegic volunteer. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that ISIS Proteus software resources have been used prior to implementing a closed-loop system designed to control the leg position of patients. RESULTS:This method obviates the application of initial controller tests directly to patients. The response obtained in the experiment with a paraplegic patient complied with the specifications set in terms of the steady-state error, the settling time, and the percentage overshoot. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the implementation of a controller used to control the leg position of a paraplegic person by electrical muscle stimulation. CONCLUSION:The methodology presented in this manuscript can contribute to the implementation of analog and digital controllers because hardware limitations are typically not taken into account in the design of controllers.