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Through the comparative study on the appearance characters and internal structure of cultivated and wild Ganoderma lucidum in Huoshan,this paper provides a reference for the further study of G. lucidum. In this study,the similarities and differences between cultivated G. lucidum " Huozhi No. 1" and wild G. lucidum in Huoshan were compared by means of character observation,optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope( SEM). The results showed that the pileus color of " Huozhi No. 1" was yellowish brown and thicker,while that of wild G. lucidum was mainly reddish brown,the context was thinner,and there were gravel and rotten wood at the bottom of the stipe. A clear skeletal hyphae and binding hyphae were observed in cultivated and wild G. lucidum,but there was no significant difference. The shell layer,context layer,mediostratum layer and spores of cultivated and wild G. lucidum were observed by SEM,and the results showed that there was no significant difference. It was found that the mediostratum of " Huozhi No. 1" was thin and irregular,while the mediostratum of wild G. lucidum was neat and compact. There were two types of spores in wild G. lucidum,one of which retained the outer wall of spore type Ⅰ,with tiny pores on the surface. The other is type Ⅱ spores with many spinous processes on the surface,which may be formed by type Ⅰ spores falling off the outwall. In this study,the appearance characters and internal structure of cultivated and wild G. lucidum in Huoshan were systematically observed and compared,which provided theoretical basis and reference for the identification and quality evaluation of cultivated and wild G. lucidum.
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Ganoderma , Hifa , ReishiRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the immune enhancement and anti-aging activities of cultivated and wild Cordyceps sinensis. METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into seven groups: high dose cultivated Cordyceps sinensis group, low dose cultivated Cordyceps sinensis group, high dose wild Cordyceps sinensis group, low dose wild Cordyceps sinensis group, control group, model group and positive drug group. Immunosuppression mouse model were induced by cyclophosphamide and the physical status, carbon clearance capacity, phagocytosis coefficient and lymphocyte transformation stimulation index, and ear swelling of mice were observed. The aging mice model was established by subcutaneously injecting D-galactose, and brain histology, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of mice were observed. RESULTS: Both cultivated and wild Cordyceps sinensis increased the body weight and immune organ index, and enhanced the immunity of the mice. Furthermore, both cultivated and wild Cordyceps sinensis ameliorated the pathological changes in brain histology, and enhanced the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability of the mice. There was no obvious difference in the immune enhancement and anti-aging activities between cultivated and wild Cordyceps sinensis. CONCLUSION: Both cultivated and wild Cordyceps sinensis can improve immunity and retard the aging process. Cultivated Cordyceps sinensis can be used as the alternative choice of wild Cordyceps sinensis in clinic.
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To compare the contents of alkaloids in theroots of cultivated and the wild Sophora flavsecens, 22 cultivated and 17 wild samples were collected. HPLC method was employed to simultaneously determine the contents of six alkaloids (oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, sophoridine, N-methylcytisine, matrine, and sophocarpine). Independent t-test, hierarchical clustering analysis（HCA）and principal components analysis (PCA) were applied to analyze and evaluate the cultivated and the wild S.flavsecens. With a great wide range of the inter-group, the t-test results showed that the contents difference of N-methylcytisine, matrine, and sophocarpine were statistical significance(matrineandsophocarpine P<0.05, N-methylcytisine P<0.01).However, it was not statistically significant for oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, and sophoridine.HCA and PCA showed that there were no significant differences in the contents of alkaloids of cultivated and wild S. flavsecens. The results indicated that there were no differences in the contents of alkaloids of cultivated and wild S. flavsecens.