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Objective@#To compare the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by different sets of cut points in the prediction of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and identify the appropriate cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China.@*Methods@#Data were obtained from the baseline survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program’ in Beijing in 2017. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by using two set of cut points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by the two set of cut points to predict the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, high fat mass percentage and impaired fasting glucose.@*Results@#A total of 14 390 children and adolescents were in included in the study. The prevalence rates of high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high TG in the participants were 2.7%, 2.7%, 14.4%, and 3.7% according to 'Chinese Reference Standard’, and 5.0%, 3.7%, 13.3%, and 3.5% according to 'China Expert Consensus’. Low HDL-C and high TG defined by the 'Chinese Reference Standard’ had better performance for the prediction of high fat mass percentage and obesity in boys, but worse performance in girls (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Using 'China Reference Standard’ can increase the true positive rate in the prediction of obesity or high fat mass percentage in boys, and reduce the false positive rate in girls. The cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents need to be further validated by using national representative sample and in longitudinal study.
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To compare the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by different sets of cut points in the prediction of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and identify the appropriate cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China. Data were obtained from the baseline survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program' in Beijing in 2017. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by using two set of cut points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by the two set of cut points to predict the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, high fat mass percentage and impaired fasting glucose. A total of 14 390 children and adolescents were in included in the study. The prevalence rates of high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high TG in the participants were 2.7, 2.7, 14.4, and 3.7 according to 'Chinese Reference Standard', and 5.0, 3.7, 13.3, and 3.5 according to 'China Expert Consensus'. Low HDL-C and high TG defined by the 'Chinese Reference Standard' had better performance for the prediction of high fat mass percentage and obesity in boys, but worse performance in girls (<0.001). Using 'China Reference Standard' can increase the true positive rate in the prediction of obesity or high fat mass percentage in boys, and reduce the false positive rate in girls. The cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents need to be further validated by using national representative sample and in longitudinal study.
RESUMEN
Las nuevas guías de la Asociación Americana del Corazón (AHA)/ Colegio Americano del Corazón (ACC) han generado una importante discusión sobre los criterios diagnósticos y el manejo de la hipertensión arterial (HTA), ya que proponen cambios radicales en la definición de la HTA, pasando su diagnóstico de cifras de presión arterial (PA) iguales o superiores a 140/90 mmHg a cifras iguales o superiores a 130/80 mmHg. Además, las nuevas guías proponen que las metas a alcanzarse para definir el control adecuado de la HTA también sean más bajas, con cifras de PA menores de 120/80 mmHg, con lo cual en términos globales se espera un incremento sustancial en el número de individuos considerados hipertensos que necesiten un aumento de medicamentos para el adecuado control. Todo lo cual ha llevado al cuestionamiento sobre la viabilidad de la aplicación clínica de estas nuevas guías, dado el enorme incremento financiero que significa el tratar con medicamentos a los nuevos millones de pacientes hipertensos. Además de estos inconvenientes prácticos, también se ha cuestionado la validez académica de las nuevas guías AHA/ACC, dado el hecho de que las recomendaciones emergen básicamente de los resultados obtenidos de un solo estudio, el cual tiene importantes diferencias metodológicas y sus resultados son inconsistentes con lo demostrado en otros estudios. Ello ha determinado que importantes sociedades científicas como la American Diabetes Association (ADA) y la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Hipertensión (LASH) no se adhieran a las recomendaciones de la AHA/ACC y mantengan las anteriores. En términos generales las recomendaciones de la LASH para el diagnóstico y manejo de la preeclampsia son similares a las de las nuevas guías de la AHA/ACC, con excepción de que, de acuerdo a estas últimas, se consideraría como hipertensa a una mujer que se embaraza cuando sus cifras de PA son superiores a 130/80 mmHg. Si bien al momento no se ha pronunciado ninguna de las asociaciones de ginecología y obstetricia, nosotros creemos con base en lo revisado en este artículo, y esta es la respuesta a la pregunta del título, que no existe algún motivo racional para cambiar los criterios actuales que definen el diagnóstico y el manejo de la preeclampsia y la HTA en una mujer embarazada, y que por lo tanto las nuevas definiciones de HTA de la guías AHA/ACC no tendrán repercusión en el manejo de la preeclampsia.
The new guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) / American College of Cardiology (ACC) have sparked debate on the diagnostic criteria and management of arterial hypertension, since they propose radical changes in the definition of hypertension, shifting the values to diagnose blood pressure (BP) from equal to or greater than 140/90 mm Hg to equal to or greater than 130/80 mm Hg. In addition, the new guidelines propose a lower threshold to define adequate control of hypertension, less than 120/80 PA mm Hg. In global terms, this is expected to substantially increase the number of individuals considered hypertensive patients requiring more drugs for adequate control. All of this has led to questioning on the feasibility of the clinical application of these new guidelines, given the tremendous financial implications of prescribing drugs to the millions of new hypertensive patients. The academic validity of the new AHA/ACC guidelines has also been questioned, given the fact that recommendations essentially emerge from a single study which has important methodological differences and results that are inconsistent with the conclusions of other studies. This has determined that important scientific institutions such as the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the Latin American Society of Hypertension (LASH) do not adhere to the recommendations of the AHA/ACC and follow the previous guidelines. In general, the LASH recommendations for the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia are similar to the new AHA/ACC guidelines, with the exception that, according to the latter, a woman would be considered hypertensive if she gets pregnant with BP values over 130/80 mm Hg. At the moment, no Gynecology and Obstetrics society has acted. Based on this review, and answering to the question in the title, we believe that there is no rational reason to change the current criteria that define the diagnosis and management of preeclampsia and hypertension in a pregnant woman, and therefore the new definitions of hypertension of the AHA/ACC guidelines will have no impact on the management of preeclampsia.
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Background & objectives: Childhood obesity is a known precursor to obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. However, the magnitude of the problem among children and adolescents in India is unclear due to paucity of well-conducted nationwide studies and lack of uniformity in the cut-points used to define childhood overweight and obesity. Hence an attempt was made to review the data on trends in childhood overweight and obesity reported from India during 1981 to 2013. Methods: Literature search was done in various scientific public domains from the last three decades using key words such as childhood and adolescent obesity, overweight, prevalence, trends, etc. Additional studies were also identified through cross-references and websites of official agencies. Results: Prevalence data from 52 studies conducted in 16 of the 28 States in India were included in analysis. The median value for the combined prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity showed that it was higher in north, compared to south India. The pooled data after 2010 estimated a combined prevalence of 19.3 per cent of childhood overweight and obesity which was a significant increase from the earlier prevalence of 16.3 per cent reported in 2001-2005. Interpretation & conclusions: Our review shows that overweight and obesity rates in children and adolescents are increasing not just among the higher socio-economic groups but also in the lower income groups where underweight still remains a major concern.