Changes of the immune-microenvironment in retinal degeneration process of RCS rat / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To explore the immune-microenvironment of the retinas at different stages of retinal degeneration in Royal College of Surgeon (RCS) rats. Methods RCS-rdy--P+(RCS) rats at early stage (P20), middle stage (P40) and late stage (P60) were involved,12 rats at each post-natal day,RCS-rdy+-P+rats severed as control. Relative concentrations of rat cytokines in rat retina homogenate were detected by using Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. Relative expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2),C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2),chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9),CXCL10,CXCL11 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) mRNA in rat retina were analyzed by real-time PCR. Expressions of IFN-γ and immune cells surface marker CD4,CD8 and CD161 in the retinas were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Percentage of IFN-γ positive T lymphocytes and natural killer(NK) cells in rat retina were analyzed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of IFN-γ in rat retina homogenate were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ). The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results Lymphocytes related cytokines and chemokines mRNA expression levels in the RCS rat retinas showed increase trends with the extension of time. The expression levels of IL-2,CCL2,CXCL9,CXCL10,CXCL11 and IFN-γ mRNA in P60 RCS rat retinas were significantly increased than those in the P20 RCS rat retinas and the control rat retinas (all at P<0.05).The positive rates of CD4,CD8 and CD161 cells in the retinas of P60 RCS rats was (9.09±0.89)%, (18.77±0.38)% and (9.41±0.38)% ,respectively. The proportion of IFN-γ positive cells in the retinas of P60 RCS rats was (8.29±0.27)%,which was significantly higher than that of the control rats ([0.28±0.02]%),with a significant difference between them (t=29.03,P=0.00). CD4+,CD8+and CD161+lymphocytes were mainly distributed in the retinas of P60 RCS rats, and the expressions of IFN-γ were co-located with lymphocyte surface markers. There were significant differences in the concentrations of IFN-γ in the retinas of RCS rats and control rats at different day ages (Fgroup=16.49,P<0.01; Ftime=21.05,P<0.01),the concentration of IFN-γ in retinas of P60 RCS rats was significantly higher than that of P20 RCS rats, P40 RCS rats and control rats, and the differences were statistically significant ( all at P<0.05). Conclusions Along with the process of retinal degeneration,immune privilege balance in the retinas is disrupted, the expressions of lymphocytes related chemokines and cytokines are elevated. Lymphocytes infiltration and activation are appeared in the retina highly activated at the late stage of RP, leading to the significant up-regulation of inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in microenvironment, which indicates that lymphocytes mediated immune response may take part in retinal degeneration.

Comparison study between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion via Quadrant minimally invasive system and open transforaminal lumbar interboday fusion in treating lumbar degeneration disease / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To compare the clinical effect between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) via Quadrant minimally invasive system and open transforaminal lumbar interboday fusion(TLIF) in treating lumbar degeneration disease.Methods Clinical data of 46 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from April 2016 to April 2017 with lumbar degenerative diseases who were given operation treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Twenty patients underwent MIS-TLIF via Quadrant minimally invasive system(MIS-TLIF group) and twenty-six patients underwent open-TLIF(open TLIF group).The blood loss,operative time,length of incision,volume of drainage after operation,time of ambulation,hospitalization time,hospitalization cost,postoperative complications,visual pain simulation (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index(ODI) at 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation were compared between the two groups.Results The blood loss,length of incision,volume of drainage after operation,time of ambulation,hospitalization time,hospitalization cost in the MIS-TLIF group were less than those in the open TLIF group (P ＜0.05);there was no significant difference in operative time between the two groups(P ＜0.05).The VAS score and ODI of the MIS-TLIF group were lower than those of the open TLIF group at 1 and 3 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05);there was no significant difference in the VAS score and ODI between the two groups at 6 and 12 months after surgery (P ＜ 0.05).There was no complication such as dural and nerve injury and internal fixation rupture in the two groups.In the open TLIF group,postoperative wound healing was delayed in two cases,postoperative incision infection occurred in one cases,the incidence of postoperative complication was 11.5％ (3/26).In the MIS-TLIF group no postoperative complication occurred,the incidence of postoperative complication was 0.0％ (0/20);the incidence of postoperative complications was not statistically significant between the two groups (x2 =2.471,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MIS-TLIF via Quadrant minimally invasive system has the advantages of less blood loss,incision and volume of drainage after operation in treating lumbar degenerative disease,and it can be used as the first choice for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease.

Mini-Open Anterior Retroperitoneal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Degeneration Disease

PURPOSE: Surgery for lumbar spinal degeneration disease is widely performed. While posterior decompression and fusion are popular, anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is also used for treatment. Extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is commonly used for noninvasive ALIF; however, several complications, such as spinal nerve and psoas muscle injury, have been reported. In the current study, we examined the clinical efficacy and complications of oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) for lumbar spinal degeneration disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with degenerated spondylolisthesis, discogenic pain, and kyphoscoliosis were examined. All patients underwent OLIF surgery (using a cage and bone graft from the iliac crest) with or without posterior decompression, without real-time electromyography monitoring. Posterior screws were used in all patients. Visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. Surgical complications were also evaluated. RESULTS: Pain scores significantly improved after surgery, compared to those before surgery (p<0.05). There was no patient who underwent revision surgery. There was no spinal nerve, major vessel, peritoneal, or urinary injury. Few patients showed symptoms from psoas invasion. CONCLUSION: OLIF surgery produced good surgical results without any major complication.

The study development of induced pluripotent stem cell in ophthalmology / 中华实验眼科杂志

Retinal degeneration diseases is an irreversible neurodegenerative impairment.Nowadays,it has become one of the most common causes of blindness,but medical treatments showed little efficiency on these diseases.Recently,some researchers found that a series of transcription factors being capable of reprogramming DNA can reconstruct and induce somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).The iPSCs not only have great potential of self-renew and differentiation,but also can avoid some critical issues such as ethical restrictions and immune suppression by using embryonic stem cells.Retinal stem cell therapy can also benefit from the ease of surgical access and observation of transplanted cells directly through the clear ocular media.These advantages make it possible for the iPSCs therapy to be a new approach to managing the retinal degenerative diseases in the future.The research history,feature and advantage,induce and directional differentiation of iPSCs were reviewed.

Outcomes and radiographs changes of lumbar degeneration disease treated by dynamic stabilization device / 国际外科学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic outcomes and the radiographs changes of lumbar degeneration disease treated by dynamic stabilization device (Wallis). Methods Eighty-four cases of lumbar degeneration disease were treated by threaded fusion cage, from May 1997 to May 2002. The JOA scores, the rate of fusion,cage sink and adjacent segment degeneration were observed. Results The average hospitalizotion was 23.59 days. The mean operation time was 3.00 hours. The mean JOA scores were 13.93 before the operation,while 26.69 on the end of the following time respectively; there was statistical significant. The mean motion of operative segment was 5.22 before operation, while 2.44 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean extension of operative segment was 3.32 before operation ,while 1.39 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean motion of adjacent segment was 3.68 before operation, while 6.54 on the end of the following time respectively. The mean extension of adjacent segment was 1.95 before operation,while 3.95 on the end of the following time respectively. There were all statistical significant on those changes of Cobbs angel. Conclusions The long-term therapeuptic effect of WALLIS treatment for lumbar degeneration disease is reliable. The motion of operative segment was significant decreased, especially on extension. The motion of adjacent segment was significant increased, the degree extension of adjacent segment was also significant increased.

Differentiation of marrow stromal cells into neurons: current progress / 中国药理学通报

Bone marrow stromal cells(MSCs) have been shown to be extremely versatile.Recently,it is demonstrated that MSCs differentiate into neurons.Moreover,under the appropriate conditions,MSCs differentiate into special phynotype of neurons,such as 5-hydroxytryptamine-sensitive neurons,and dopaminergic neurons.The mechanism remains to be elucidated,and an overexpression of neuronal specific genes(such as Sox,Pax,Notch gene) may play an important role,especially RB/PBO gene.However,RB triggers cholinergic differentiation.Extrinsic factor such as concentration of cAMP plays certain role in differentiation.MSCs have also been shown to have certain therapeutic effect on neuronal degeneration disease.These cells have great potential because it is easy to isolate,culture,amplify,and no ethics neither immunologic rejection problem was concerned.