Advances in the study of neoantigen pulsed dendritic cell vaccines in tumor immunotherapy / 解放军医学杂志

Neoantigen pulsed dendritic cell vaccine(Neo-DCVac)is a new type of tumor immunotherapy.Neoantigen is strong immunologic and tumor-specific mutated peptides expressed in a tumor.Neo-DCVac is a therapeutic modality based on the uptake and processing of neoantigens by dendritic cells and their delivery and activation of T cells to trigger the body's immune response for anti-tumor effects.The development of individualized Neo-DCVac based on high-throughput sequencing is expected to be a new direction for precision immunotherapy of tumors.In this review,we discuss construction of individualized Neo-DCVac,clinical application of combination therapy in solid tumors,suitable population for vaccination and the current limitations of Neo-DCVac,aiming to provide a theoretical reference for research on tumor immunotherapy.

Pharmacological effects of anti-melanoma DC vaccine sensitized by fusion proteins of G3G6 and HST1 / 中国药科大学学报

@#This study aimed to investigate the effects of fusion proteins GnRH-GRP(G3G6)and HSP65-STEAP1(HST1)on dendritic cells(DC)and the sensitization of DCs to B16F10 melanoma. The fusion proteins G3G6 and HST1 were obtained using the previous engineering strains in our laboratory. Group by unsensitized DC(US-DC), the G3G6 fusion protein sensitized DC, the HST1 fusion protein sensitized DC(HST1-DC)and the combined sensitized DC(GH-DC), the mouse bone marrow-derived DCs were sensitized with fusion protein to obtain the fusion protein sensitized DC vaccines. B16F10 melanoma cells were transplanted into C57BL/6J male mice to construct a melanoma model(1×106 cells per mouse), and DC vaccine was injected for treatment. The antitumor efficacy of DC vaccine was explored by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the fusion protein can effectively stimulate DC into differentiation and maturation; in the animal experiment, the inhibition rate of melanoma treated with G3G6-DC was 35. 75%, that of HST1-DC group and combination group were 34. 03% and 55. 74%. It was initially proved that both G3G6-DC and HST1-DC can effectively inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors of melanoma B16F10 cells in mice, and the combination therapy is superior to the single therapy.

Review of dendritic cell vaccine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor of liver.HCC is characterized with poor early detection rate and rapid progression.Therefore,bringing the patients with heavy burden of disease,though poor prognosis.Conventional treatment options can include surgical resection or liver transplantation,trans-arterial chemoembolization,ablation,and targeted therapy,but it remains unsatisfying in prognosis improvement.By years,we have come to realize the role of dendritic cells in tumor immunotherapy.Dendritic cells will become a promising treatment option in improvement of prognosis of HCC patients.In this review,we will focus on current trends and updates on dendritic cell vaccines in HCC treatment.

Effect of dendritic cell vaccine therapy on lymphocyte subpopulation in refractory primary brain tumor.

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell (DC)‑based immunotherapy has the potential to induce an antitumor response within the immunologically privileged brain. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‑term effect of DC vaccine therapy on lymphocyte subsets in patients with refractory primary brain tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen cases with refractory primary brain tumor who refused any treatment against tumor within 6 months of the therapy, were referred to one medicine center, from January 2011 to October 2012. All patients received 1 × 107 tumor lysate–pulsed DC vaccinations both intradermal injection and intravenous infusion 3 times/week. RESULTS: There were increases of lymphocytes CD8+ (P = 0.002) and CD56+ (P = 4.207E‑10), but no change of lymphocytes CD3+ (P = 0.651). Six patients were positive response of delayed‑type hypersensitivity. There were improving of appetite in 14 cases and increasing of physical strength 17 cases. CONCLUSIONS: DC vaccine has the potential for inducing an immune cytotoxic effect directed toward tumor cells.

Dendritic cell vaccine treatment of advanced de novo colorectal cancer in renal transplant patients.

Objective: The clinical outcome, especial the immunologic responses to cancer and graft, of dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in the treatment of advanced de novo colorectal cancer (CRC) in renal transplant patients was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: 7 patients were received 1 cycle tumor lysate pulsed autologous DC vaccine. The positive cell-mediated cytotoxicity responses to DC vaccine against CRC cell in two out of 7 patients were seen by delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) test. The positive cell-mediated cytotoxicity responses to DC vaccine against normal kidney cell in all 7 patients were not seen by DTH tests and no notable change of renal function during and after vaccination. Conclusions: DC vaccine has emerged as a promising new strategy in the treatment of advanced de novo CRC in renal transplant patients and DC vaccines have become an attractive therapeutic option, developing immune responses specific against CRC cell, achieving clinical efficacy without graft failure.

Tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine for treatment of patients with advanced malignant tumor:a clinical observation / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To observe the safety and clinical efficacy of tumor antigen-pulsed dendritic cell(DC) vaccine in treatment of advanced malignant tumor.Methods: Ninety-one patients with non-small cell lung cancer,colon and rectal cancer,melanoma,renal carcinoma,breast cancer and other malignant tumors were enrolled in this study.All patients met the selecting standard and signed informed consent.Human dendritic cells were obtained from peripheral blood monocytes by culturing them with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4.DC vaccine was prepared from tumor antigen pulsed immature dendritic cells in vitro.Patients received the vaccine therapy once every week and one cycle was defined as once every week for 3 weeks.Results: All the patients received 96 cycles of DC vaccine treatment.Symptoms of toxicity included fever,shivering,aching pain of muscle,asthenia,itching,stifle and transient fatigue;most of the symptoms automatically recovered.Clinical efficacy of the treatment was evaluated in 76 patients.Thirty-one of the 76 patients were stable after treatment and 45 were in progressive situation,with the clinical benefiting rate being 40.8%.Eighty-five patients were followed up.The median time for progression was 2.6 months;the overall survival time was 0.9-30.6 months;and the median survival period was 4.5 months,with the one year survival rate being 9.2%.Conclusion: The results suggest that the DC vaccine therapy is well tolerated in treating patients with advanced malignant tumors and has satisfactory clinical benefit;the clinical value of DC vaccine therapy needs to be further observed.