RESUMEN
Objective:To study the protective effect of modified Sinisan on liver injury caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) combined with solitary nutrition method based on a depression model. Method:Forty-eight SD male rats were randomly divided into normal group, depression model group, fluoxetine group (1.58 mg·kg-1·d-1), and low, medium and high-dose modified Sinisan (3.67, 7.34, 14.68 g·kg-1·d-1) groups, with 8 rats in each group. After the administration of the model, the levels of alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST） in serum and the levels of inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）, interleukin（IL）-1β, and IL-6 in liver tissues were measured by a biochemical kit method. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of cysteine aspastic acid-specific protease-3 (Caspase-3) and cleaved Caspase-3 in liver cells after intervention with modified Sinisan. Result:Compared with the normal group, the biochemical test showed that the levels of ALT and AST in the serum of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in liver tissue significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, low, medium-dose modified Sinisan groups significantly reduced serum ALT, AST and inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels (P<0.05). Western blot showed that compared with the normal group, the protein expression of Caspase-3 in model rat liver cells decreased, while the protein expression of cleaved Caspase-3 increased（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the model group, low, medium-dose modified Sinisan groups could up-regulate Caspase-3 protein expression, and down-regulated the expression of cleaved Caspase-3 protein（P<0.05，P<0.01）. Conclusion:Chronic stress-induced depression model can cause liver damage. Modified Sinisan can have the hepatoprotective effect by regulating the levels of various physiological, biochemical and inflammatory factor indicators, and inhibiting liver cell apoptosis.
RESUMEN
Objective: To study the antidepressive effect of the petroleum ether extract from Ranae Oviductus (PERO) on chronic mild stress depressive rat model and its mechanism. Methods: The rats were divided into control, model, Fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, positive control), and different doses (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) of PERO groups. The rats in PERO groups were administered once daily for 21 d, while the rats in the control and model groups were administered with equivalent normal saline. After 1 h for the rats in PERO and model groups and 0.5 h for the rats in Fluoxetine group of the last administration, the chronic unpredictable mild stress for 21 d was used to induce the depression in rats. The body weight was measured and the depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by the open-field test and sucrose preference test. Then the corticosterone level in the rat plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein levels in the hippocampus were measured by Western blotting analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, the body weight, sucrose preference, and motion distance in open-field test of rats were decreased, the corticosterone level in plasma was increased, and the BDNF level in hippocampus was decreased. Compared with the model group, PERO treatment alleviated the body weight decreasing, increased the sucrose preference and motion distance, reduced the corticosterone level in the plasma of rats, and increased the BDNF level in hippocampus of rats. Conclusion: The antidepressive effect of PERO is likely mediated by modulating the function of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increasing the expression of BDNF in brain tissues.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the sensibility of the encephalic region affected by the inflammatory factor of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and the role of the inflammatory factor in the development of the depression.Methods Based on the evaluation of ethology,forty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group and model group which was exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 4 weeks.Using analyzing technology 1 H-MRS to detect prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of each group and detecting the levels of interlukin 6(IL-6),interlukin 2 (IL-2),interlukin 10 (IL-10) in CSF at the beginning and 4 weeks later,and the correlation was analyzed between them.Results Compared with the control group,the values of Glx/ Cr and NAA/ Cr in bilateral prefrontal cortex were reduced which did not reach statistically significance (P ＞ 0.05),and the value of Cho/ Cr had no significant difference.The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr in left hippocampus reduced significantly(Glx/Cr:(1.16 ±0.07),t =2.50,P＜0.05 ;NAA/Cr:(1.30 ±0.09),t=5.94,P＜0.01),and the value of Cho/Cr was increased which did not reach statistically significance(P＞ 0.05).The values of Glx/Cr and NAA/Cr were reduced and the value of Cho/Cr was increased in right hippocampus which did not reach statistical significance(P＞0.05).The depressive group had the significantly higher levels of IL-6,IL-2 in CSF(IL-6:(32.41 ± 3.52),t =11.46,P ＜ 0.01 ; IL-2:(18.89 ± 2.56),t =7.42,P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was found in the IL-10 level in CSF.The Glx/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF (IL-6:r =-0.555,P＜ 0.05 ; IL-2:r=-0.582,P＜ 0.05) ; the NAA/Cr of left hippocampus level was negatively correlated to the IL-6 and IL-2 level in CSF(IL-6:r=-0.582,P＜0.05;IL-2:r=-0.607,P＜0.05).Conclusion The development of inchoate depression has a correlation with the high sensibility of the left hippocampus affected by the inflammatory factor levels.The metabolism of never cells has changed,which maybe constitutes the physiopathology basis of the depression.
RESUMEN
Objective To explore the dynamic change and correlation of the behavior and hippocampal volumes by MRI of rat depressive model. Methods Based on the evaluation of ethology, thirty SD rats were randomly and equally divided into control group and model group which was exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress for 8 weeks. The body weight, fluid consumption test and Morris water maze test were done at the beginning and per week while the bilateral hippocampal volumes of every rat were measured by high field MRI at the beginning and per two weeks. Results Based on the behavioral data,the rat depressive model was established successfully,and changed dynamically. On 4th week,the left hippocampal volumes of depressive rat were significantly reduced (model group(37.13 ±2.40)mm3 ,control group (39.05 ±2.05)mm3, t=2.36, P＜0.05) while the right ones did not. On 6th week, the right ones began to reduce significantly ( model group ( 37.85 ± 2.11 ) mm3, control group ( 39.44 ± 2.10 ) mm3, t = 2.07, P ＜ 0.05 ) while the left one still reduced, but the extent of the left's reduction was bigger than the right( left:15% ,right:8% ). And there was apparent correlation between the behavior and the reduction of hippocampal volumes. Conclusion The behavior and hippocampal volumes of rat depressive model changes dynamically,and there was a regularity of them.
RESUMEN
[Objective]To study the antidepressant effects and mechanism of Hypericum peratum L.(Elqe).[Methods]Forced-swimming test in mice,tail-suspension test in mice mensurating cerebracontents of monoamine neurotransmitters in chronic stress-induced depressive rats done to study the antidepressant effects and mechanism of extract of Hypericum peratum L [Results]Immobility time of forced-swimming and tail-suspension in mice which were significantly shortened by EHP (320mg/kg,160mg/kg)(P