Effect of lime water processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum on toxic component lectin protein / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the effect of immersion in the excipient lime water on the toxic component lectin protein and explained the scientific connotation of lime water detoxication during the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum. Western blot was used to investigate the effects of immersion in lime water with different pH(pH 10, 11, and 12.4), saturated sodium hydroxide, and sodium bicarbonate solution on the content of lectin protein. The protein compositions of the supernatant and the precipitate after immersing lectin protein in lime water of different pH were determined by the SDS-PAGE method combined with the silver staining technique. The MALDI-TOF-MS/MS technique was used to detect the molecular weight distribution of peptide fragments in the supernatant and precipitate after immersing lectin protein in lime water of different pH, and circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to detect the ratio changes in the secondary structure of lectin protein during the immersion. The results showed that immersion in lime water at pH>12 and saturated sodium hydroxide solution could significantly reduce the content of lectin protein, while immersion in lime water at pH<12 and sodium bicarbonate solution had no significant effect on lectin protein content. The corresponding lectin protein bands and molecular ion peaks were not detected at the 12 kDa position in the supernatant and precipitate after immersing the lectin protein in lime water at pH>12, which was attributed to the fact that lime water immersion at pH>12 could significantly change the ratio of the secondary structure of lectin protein, resulting in irreversible denaturation, while lime water immersion at pH<12 did not change the ratio of the secondary structure of lectin protein. Therefore, pH>12 was the key condition for the detoxication of lime water during the processing of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum. Lime water immersion at pH>12 could cause irreversible denaturation of lectin protein, resulting in a significant decrease in the inflammatory toxicity of Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum, which played a key role in detoxification.

Progress in lipid emulsions as antidotes to reverse drug poisoning / 中国药科大学学报

@#Due to their good safety, wide application scope and quick onset time, lipid emulsions are full of promise to reverse drug poisoning. In this review, a number of clinical case reports were summarized to analyze the detoxification effect of lipid emulsions on local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic, psychotropic and organophosphate poisoning, as well as the possible adverse reactions of lipid emulsions therapy.Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying lipid emulsions therapy, such as lipid sink theory, enhanced body basal metabolism and positively affected cardiovascular function, were fully interpreted.Besides, a few potential solutions to the problems still existing in lipid emulsions therapy were proposed, in order to consolidate the understanding of lipid emulsions therapy and promote its rational application in reversing drug poisoning.

Effects of processing on toxic components of Pinellia Rhizoma and its detoxification mechanism / 中国中药杂志

Pinellia Rhizoma is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs in clinic, but its toxicity couldn't be ignored. Processing is a detoxification method before the toxic traditional Chinese medicine were given to the patients, and mainly impacted the amount of relevant components in Chinese medicinal herbs (increase or decrease). Although there were still some disputes about the toxic components in Pinelliae Rhizoma (mainly referring to the alkaloid substances), more literatures reported that needle-like calcium oxalate crystals and lectin protein in Pinelliae Rhizoma were the main toxic components, and had a significant effect on inflammation and irritation caused by Pinellia Rhizoma. With the development of research methods and the expansion of research angles, researches for the effect of processing on the detoxification mechanism of Pinelliae Rhizoma have been constantly deepened. The recent reports showed that the detoxification mechanism of the herb was correlated with the dosage of detoxifying components, and the effect of relevant excipients in inhibiting a variety of inflammatory cytokines. However, we shall also pay attention to alum and other processing accessories that could cause new toxicity from residual aluminum, and the impact from processing conditions, origin of Chinese medicinal herbs and their combination with other medicinal herbs on Pinellia Rhizoma's toxicity. This paper describes toxic components, different detoxification methods and relevant detoxification mechanisms in Pinelliae Rhizoma to provide the references for further research and development of the plant.