Aproximación teórica a las incoherencias grafo-corporales en los procesos de recogida de muestras en pericia caligráfica / Theoretical approach to grapho-corporal inconsistencies in the processes of sample collection in handwriting expertise / Abordagem teórica das inconsistências grafo-corporais nos processos de coleta de amostras em perícias de caligrafia

La recogida de muestras indubitadas al momento de elaborar un cuerpo de escritura a una persona, es un proceso de suma importancia en la pericia caligráfica. Existen parámetros por los que se rigen los peritos calígrafos al confeccionar dicho cuerpo de escritura, que se centran de forma general en la posición del escribiente, la velocidad escritural, la espontaneidad, cantidad de muestras, entre otros. Sin embargo, el escribiente puede intentar alterarlo o manipularlo de diferentes formas, normalmente intentando dificultar la labor pericial. Así, existen diversos elementos que indican a un experto en grafística que se está intentando modificar la escritura o firma durante este proceso desde el punto de vista técnico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio es resaltar la importancia de recopilar un cuerpo de escritura con todas las garantías para que pueda tratarse como un documento incuestionable, además de destacar la relevancia de que el perito tenga la capacidad de confirmar la sinceridad del escribiente, tanto mediante el análisis de su escritura (grafología) como a través del análisis de su comunicación no verbal en el momento de escribirlo. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, usando la técnica de información documental, mediante la recopilación de información para su estudio y análisis, así como de monografías, manuales de estudio y artículos científicos.

The collection of indubitable samples when a corpus of handwriting is taken from a person is an extremely important process in handwriting expertise. There are parameters by which handwriting experts are governed when making such a writing corpus, which generally focus on the position of the scribe, writing speed, spontaneity, number of samples, among others. However, the scribe may try to alter or manipulate it in different ways, usually in an attempt to hinder the expert's work. Thus, there are several elements that indicate to a handwriting expert that an attempt is being made to modify the handwriting or signature during this process from a technical point of view. In this sense, the aim of this study is to highlight the importance of compiling a handwriting corpus with all the guarantees that it can be treated as an unquestionable document, as well as highlighting the importance of the expert having the ability to confirm the scribe's sincerity, both through the analysis of their handwriting (graphology) and through the analysis of their non-verbal communication at the time of writing. A qualitative methodology has been used, using the documentary information technique, by means of the collection of information for study and analysis, as well as monographs, study manuals and scientific articles.

A coleta de provas indubitáveis quando um corpo de caligrafia é retirado de uma pessoa é um processo extremamente importante na perícia de caligrafia. Existem parâmetros pelos quais os peritos em caligrafia são regidos ao fazer esse corpo de escrita, que geralmente se concentram na posição do escriba, na velocidade da escrita, na espontaneidade, no número de amostras, entre outros. No entanto, o escrevente pode tentar alterá-lo ou manipulá-lo de diversas formas, geralmente na tentativa de dificultar o trabalho do perito. Assim, existem vários elementos que indicam ao perito em caligrafia que, do ponto de vista técnico, está havendo uma tentativa de modificar a caligrafia ou a assinatura durante esse processo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é destacar a importância de se compilar um corpo de caligrafia com todas as garantias de que possa ser tratado como um documento inquestionável, bem como destacar a importância de o perito ter a capacidade de confirmar a sinceridade do escrevente, tanto por meio da análise de sua caligrafia (grafologia) quanto por meio da análise de sua comunicação não verbal no momento da escrita. Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, com a técnica de informação documental, por meio da coleta de informações para estudo e análise, bem como de monografias, manuais de estudo e artigos científicos.

Detección de novedad y codificación predictiva en el sistema auditivo: Impacto clínico en disfunciones auditivas y vestibulares. Revisión de la literatura / Deviance detection and predictive coding in the auditory system: Clinical impact in auditory and vestibular dysfunctions

Una propiedad fundamental de los sistemas sensoriales es su capacidad para detectar estímulos novedosos en el entorno. El sistema nervioso posee neuronas que disminuyen su respuesta a los estímulos sonoros que se repiten a lo largo del tiempo y otras neuronas que aumentan su frecuencia de disparo ante estímulos novedosos, siendo la diferencia entre ambas respuestas conocida como adaptación-específica a estímulos. En las últimas décadas, se ha propuesto que el cerebro establece, continuamente, predicciones de los estímulos novedosos y del entorno basándose en sus experiencias previas y en modelos de representación internos, teoría denominada codificación predictiva. En esta revisión, abordaremos algunos conceptos de la adaptación-específica a estímulos y codificación predictiva, centrándonos principalmente en el sistema auditivo. Por último, propondremos una explicación teórica basada en el marco de la codificación predictiva para algunas disfunciones neuropsiquiátricas, auditivas y vestibulares.

A fundamental property of sensory systems is their ability to detect novel stimuli in the environment. The nervous system possesses neurons that decrease their response to sound stimuli that are repeated over time and other neurons that increase their firing rate to novel stimuli, the difference between the two responses being known as stimulus-specific adaptation. In recent decades, it has been proposed that the brain continuously makes predictions of novel stimuli and the environment based on its previous experiences and internal representational models, a theory called predictive coding. In this review, we will address some concepts of stimulus-specific adaptation and predictive coding, focusing mainly on the auditory system. Finally, we will propose a theoretical explanation based on the predictive coding framework for some neuropsychiatric, auditory, and vestibular dysfunctions.

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Desviación de la Norma en jóvenes / Psychometric properties of the Normative Deviance Scale in youths

Antecedente: La conducta antisocial refiere al conjunto de actos que violan las normas establecidas para la convivencia de una sociedad. Entre las medidas de autoinforme para valorar esta conducta se encuentra la Escala de Desviación de la Norma (EDN). Objetivo: Considerando que en el contexto argentino no se encontraron estudios sobre las propiedades psicométricas de la escala, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de jóvenes argentinos. Método: Para este fin, se conformó una muestra de 794 participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 25 años. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se analizó el índice de confiabilidad compuesta y se estudió la validez convergente, discriminante y concurrente (utilizando una escala de autocontrol). Además, se analizó la invarianza del modelo de medida. Resultados: Entre los principales resultados se confirmó la estructura factorial original de la escala sin equivalencia factorial entre los grupos evaluados considerando el sexo, y se encontraron adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para la mayoría de las dimensiones que componen el instrumento. Discusión: Se discuten los hallazgos, limitaciones y futuras líneas de investigación.

Background: Antisocial behavior refers to a set of acts that violate the rules established for the coexistence of society. One of the self-report measures to assess this type of behavior is the normative deviance scale (NDS). Objective: Considering that in the Argentine context no studies on the psychometric properties of the scale were found, the present study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale in a sample of Argentine youths. Method: To this end, a sample of 794 participants aged between 18 and 25 years was collected. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed; the composite reliability was calculated; and the convergent, discriminant and concurrent validity was assessed (using a self-control scale). In addition, the invariance of the factorial structure of the scale was analyzed. Results: The results confirmed the original factorial structure of the scale with no factorial equivalence across the assessed groups regarding the sex. Also, the results showed adequate psychometric properties for most dimensions which make up the instrument. Conclusions: Findings, limitations and further lines of research are discussed.

Model Comparison and Factors Associated with Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Gender Differentials.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease has become public health concern, because of its increasing rate worldwide especially in developing countries. Previous studies have used statistical methods like multiple regression and correlation to show factors associated with Quality of life (QoL) assessed by SF-36 despite the scoring nature of the items. This study aimed at identifying best model and factors associated with gender differentials in QoL among T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited T2DM from Diabetes Care Centre of a teaching hospital, South-western, Nigeria. The models considered were Poisson Model with log link function and square-root link function. The model selection criteria used was Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The model with the smaller AIC was considered to be better. Results: The AIC values for Poisson model with log and square-root link functions for Physical Component Summary (PCS) were 1713 and 1708.3, Mental Component Summary (MCS): 1482.2 and 1480.7, QoL: 2359.7 and 235.8 respectively. Age and diastolic blood pressure had significant negative association with PCS, MCS and QoL in both gender (p<0.05), while occupation and education had significant positive association with PCS, MCS and QoL more in male than female. BMI of normal weight had significant reduction in PCS and QoL of female, whereas this had significant increase in the MCS of male. Conclusion: Poisson model with square-root link function was of better fit to model QoL in T2DM. The significant positive effect of occupation and education on QoL and its domains was more in male than female.

Positive deviance study to inform a Chagas disease control program in southern Ecuador

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted by the faeces of triatomine insects that find favourable environments in poorly constructed houses. Previous studies have documented persistent triatomine infestation in houses in the province of Loja in southern Ecuador despite repeated insecticide and educational interventions. We aim to develop a sustainable strategy for the interruption of Chagas disease transmission by promoting living environments that are designed to prevent colonisation of rural houses by triatomines. This study used positive deviance to inform the design of an anti-triatomine prototype house by identifying knowledge, attitudes and practices used by families that have remained triatomine-free (2010-2012). Positive deviants reported practices that included maintenance of structural elements of the house, fumigation of dwellings and animal shelters, sweeping with "insect repellent" plants and relocation of domestic animals away from the house, among others. Participants favoured construction materials that do not drastically differ from those currently used (adobe walls and tile roofs). They also expressed their belief in a clear connection between a clean house and health. The family's economic dynamics affect space use and must be considered in the prototype's design. Overall, the results indicate a positive climate for the introduction of housing improvements as a protective measure against Chagas disease in this region.

Estudo piloto – desvio positivo de pacientes hipertensos na cidade de Barbacena, Minas Gerais – Brasil / Pilot profect – positive deviance on hypertensive patients in a midsize city, Minas Gerais – Brazil

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma condição clínica multifatorial caracterizada por níveis elevados e sustentados de pressão arterial (PA). 1 O paciente é considerado hipertenso quando a pressão sistólica é ≥ 140 mmHg e a diastólica é ≥ 90 mmHg em três aferições 1-5.Embora o tratamento adequado seja importante para o controle da HAS, a prevenção se destaca, especialmente nos pacientes de risco 5-9...

Os adolescentes desinseridos e seus sintomas nas instituições socioeducativas / Deviant adolescents and their symptoms in correctional facilities / Les adolescents deviants et leurs symptômes dans les établissements correctionnels

O artigo problematiza a aplicação da psicanálise nas instituições que se ocupam dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei, localizando uma mudança na forma como o sintoma se apresenta na atualidade. Destaca o sintoma como acontecimento de corpo, propondo o corpo desinserido como o paradigma do sintoma desses adolescentes. Considera-se que essa nova forma de sintoma faz obstáculo ao cumprimento do ideal institucional de inserção social. Ao final, o artigo apresenta duas vinhetas práticas para ilustrar uma possibilidade de contribuição da psicanálise de orientação lacaniana no coletivo.

This article deals with the use of psychoanalysis in correctional facilities, and points out to a change in the manner in which symptoms present themselves nowadays. Symptom is presented as an event of the body, which in its deviant manner is the paradigm of the symptom of such adolescents. This new form of symptom is considered an obstacle to the fulfilling of the main goal of these facilities, which is social reinsertion. In the end, the article presents two cases that illustrate a possibility of contribution from Lacan oriented psychoanalysis to society.

Le document examine l'application de la psychanalyse dans les institutions qui s'occupent des adolescents en conflit avec la loi, de trouver un changement dans la façon dont le symptôme se présente aujourd'hui. Il convient de noter le symptôme comme un événement du corps, proposant le corps détaché comme le paradigme des symptômes de ces adolescents. Il est considéré que cette nouvelle forme de symptôme fait obstacle à l'exécution de l'inclusion sociale institutionnelle idéale. Enfin, le document présente deux vignettes pour illustrer une possibilité concrète de la contribution de la psychanalyse lacanienne dans le collectif.

Effect of “Positive Hearth Deviance” on feeding practices and underweight prevalence among children aged 6-24 months in Quetta district, Pakistan: A comparative cross sectional study.

Objectives: To compare the feeding practices and underweight prevalence of hearth children with those of non hearth children. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was carried out from 1st April to 30th June 2009. The study population comprised mothers with children aged 6-24 months and of the same socioeconomic and cultural ties from two areas of Quetta District, Pakistan. The “Multi Level Random Sampling Technique” was used. Hearth mothers comprised those who attended hearth sessions (2006-2008) in the hearth area. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Epi-Info version 3.3.2 and SPSS version 17.0 for windows. Results: The total study population was 200 mothers and the response rate was 95%. There was a statistically significant difference between the hearth and non hearth areas regarding age groups (P<0.01), education of mothers (P<0.05), male: female ratio of children (P<0.05), weighing of babies at birth (P<0.05), age for initiation of complementary feeds (P<0.01), feeding practices of mothers (P<0.01) and underweight prevalence (P<0.001). Conclusion: Feeding practices are significantly better and underweight prevalence significantly less in hearth mothers compared to non hearth mothers.

Modelaje Bayesiano espacio-temporal de factores asociados con la incidencia del dengue en el área metropolitana de Maracay, Venezuela / Spatio-temporal Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Dengue incidence in the metropolitan area of Maracay, Venezuela

El dengue es uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en el estado Aragua. La situación se ha deteriorado en los últimos años, reportándose la mayor epidemia durante el año 2001. En los años 2002 y 2003 las tasas de exposición y riesgos relativos en municipios que conforman al estado Aragua, muestran que el área metropolitana de Maracay concentra riesgos importantes. Los municipios Girardot (capital), Francisco Linares Alcántara y Santiago Mariño, son los que concentraron los mayores riesgos. Durante ese período el número de nuevos casos de dengue aumentó especialmente durante la época de lluvias, evidenciándose la existencia de un patrón estacional. Este trabajo propone Modelos Bayesianos Jerárquicos con estructura espacio temporal que incluye variables climáticas y socio-demográficas con las cuales se identificaron factores de mayor influencia en la incidencia del dengue y se determinaron las parroquias con mayores riesgos.Los ajustes de los modelos resultantes se obtuvieron mediante técnicas con cadenas Markov Monte Carlo (MCMC) y se compararon con el criterio de información de deviancia (DIC). Estos modelos constituyen una herramienta importante que expertos en epidemiología y miembros del sector de salud pública deben considerar para el control del vector Aedes aegypti Linnaeus en el estado Aragua.

Dengue fever is a major public health problem in Aragua State, Venezuela. The situation has worsened in recent years, with a major epidemic during 2001. During 2002 and 2003 the exposition rates and relative risks of the municipalities that encompass Aragua State showed the highest relative risk of infection in the metropolitan area of Maracay. The municipalities of Girardot (capital), Francisco Linares Alcántara and Santiago Mariño concentrated the highest risk. During 2002 and 2003 the number of new dengue cases increased especially during the rainy season, showing the existence of a seasonal pattern. The present work presents Bayesian Hierarchical Models with spatio-temporal structure that included climatic and socioeconomic explanatory variables used to identify factors of major influence on dengue incidence and determined the municipalities with higher risks. Models were fitted using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods and selected using the deviance information criteria (DIC), respectively. These models constitute an important tool that epidemiologists and public health officers in Aragua State have to consider for the control of the vector Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.

Generalized lineal models for the analysis of binary data from propagation experiments of Brazilian orchids

This study aimed at applying the generalized linear models (GLM) for the analysis of a germination experiment of Cattleya bicolor in which the response variable was binary. The purpose of this experiment was to assess the effects of the storage temperatures and culture mediums on the seed viability. The analyses of variance was also carried out either with or without the data transformation. All the statistical approaches indicated the importance of the storage temperature on the seed viability. But, the culture media and interaction effects were significant only by the GLM. Based on the GLM, the seeds stored at 10°C increased viability, in which the coconut medium achieved the best performance. The results emphasized the importance of adopting the GLM to improve the reliability in many situations where the response variable followed a non-normal distribution.

A técnica de propagação in vitro é considerada efetiva para fins comerciais e de conservação de orquídeas. A metodologia de modelos lineares generalizados (MLG) foi usada para analisar um experimento de germinação de Cattleya bicolor. O propósito do experimento foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura de armazenamento e dos meios de cultivo sobre a germinação, cuja resposta foi considerada binária. Análise convencional com ou sem transformação de dados foram também realizados. Todas as abordagens estatísticas indicaram a importância da temperatura sobre a viabilidade das sementes. Entretanto, os efeitos de meios de cultivo e interação foram significativos apenas para MLG. As sementes armazenadas a 10°C incrementaram sua viabilidade, onde o meio a base de coco atingiu o melhor desempenho. Os resultados enfatizam a importância de adotar MLG, para melhorar a confiabilidade em situações onde a variável resposta segue uma distribuição distinta à normal.