RESUMEN
Cellulose is a polysaccharide that has been employed in pharmaceutical applications over the years. However, the quest for waste management and an alternative to imported raw materials for locally manufactured drug products necessitated this study. This study was undertaken to explore the application of cellulose extracted from waste, rice husk as a disintegrant in the formulation of metronidazole tablets for immediate release. Cellulose was extracted from rice husk and characterized. Thereafter, a comparative characterization of the attributes of the tablets formulated was undertaken using Corn Starch, microcrystalline cellulose and rice husk as disintegrants. The granules were characterized for flow properties and tablets were evaluated for crushing strength, friability, disintegration and in vitro drug release. The tablets formulated with rice husk cellulose were found to be bioequivalent to those of corn starch which is a standard in comparative studies of disintegrants. Hence, rice husk cellulose is an alternative excipient to explore as a pharmaceutical excipient for limited resource economies.
RESUMEN
Starches from four new sweet potato genotypes were evaluate for use as tablet diluents, binders and disintegrants; using a commercially available maize starch as reference. The pre-formulation studies established low pH (5.1 - 5.9) and moisture content (10.0 - 13.1%), but high bulk density (0.50 - 0.58), tapped density (0.75 - 0.82) and true density (1.15 - 1.18) for the sweet potato starches. Hardness and friability of tablets formulated with sweet potato starches as binder were significantly better (p = 0.001) than similar compacts containing maize starch. The sweet potato starches also caused significantly faster tablet disintegration and release of paracetamol (p = 0.005). The results established the sweet potato starches as stronger pharmaceutical diluents, binders and disintegrants, compared to the commercially available maize starch.
RESUMEN
Starch is the commonest disintegrant used in tablet formulation. Modified starches, also called starch derivatives, are prepared by physically, enzymatically or chemically treating native starch, thereby changing the properties of the starch. The aim of the study was to investigate the disintegrant property of Pregelatinized and Phosphate modified sweet potato starches in comparison with the native sweet potato starch and maize starch BP in paracetamol tablet formulation.Pregelatinized starch was prepared by drying 8% (w/v) sweet potato starch mucilage whilestarch phosphate was prepared by phosphorylation of sweet potato starch with monosodium phosphate dehydrate solution. The starches were evaluated for moisture content, swelling capacity, hydration capacity and flow properties while the tablet were assessed for disintegration time and dissolution rate using standard methods. Results obtained showed 82.22% yield of Pregelatinized starch and 83.33% of starch phosphate. The modified starches showed hydration capacities of 2.36 and 2.05 and swelling capacities of 6.25 and 4.48 respectively for PGS and SP, values that doubled those produced by unmodified sweet potato starch and maize starch B.P. The tablets formulated using 5.0%w/w concentrations of phosphate starch, pregelatinized starch, unmodified sweet potato starch and maize starch BP as disintegrant, respectively, disintegrated at 0.53min, 0.82min, 1.06min and 1.26min. Phosphate starch and Pregelatinized starch derived from sweet potato displayed superior disintegration properties than the unmodified starch and maize starch B.P.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) of Granisetron hydrochloride (GHCl) by vacuum drying technique using camphor as subliming agent together with croscarmellose sodium (CCS), crospovidone (CP), sodium starch glycolate (SSG) and plantago ovate (PO) as superdisintegrants. The prepared formulations were evaluated for pre-compressional and post-compressional parameters. The compatibility of drug with other ingredients was checked by FTIR studies, the results revealed that there was no interaction between dug and other excipients. The values of pre-compressional parameters were within prescribed limits and indicated good free flowing properties. In all the formulations the hardness test indicates good mechanical strength. Friability of all formulations was less than 1. Drug content was found to be high (≥ 100.44%) and uniform in all the formulations. The tablet thickness was found to be 3.11 – 3.34. The weight variation results revealed that average percentage deviation was less then ± 7.5 %, which provides good uniformity in all formulations. The disintegration time of the tablets found to be in the range of 18 to 44 sec. The formulations SBC4, SBP4, SBG4, and SBO4 50 % of drug released in 0.41, 0.48, 0.59 and 0.47 min, and 90 % of drug released in 2.01, 3.05, 4.01 and 2.51min. Stability study carried out as per ICH guidelines for three months and results revealed that upon storage disintegration time of tablets decreased significantly (p<0.05). The release of drug from the SBC4 and SBO4 formulations was quick when compared to other formulations. It was concluded that fast dissolving tablets with improved Granisetron hydrochloride dissolution could be prepared by sublimation of tablets containing suitable subliming agent.