Progress in endogenous neural stem cells for neonatal brain injury / 国际儿科学杂志

Neonatal brain injury refers to the pathological damage of brain tissue caused by various factors in the perinatal period.The most common disorders are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia.After a severe brain injury, the repair and reconstruction of the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial in restoring CNS architecture and function.The studies have shown that neural stem cells (NSC) have the potential for multidirectional differentiation and the ability to maintain self-renewal.Endogenous neural stem cells (eNSC) can proliferate, migrate to the lesion sites and finally differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, to provide new options for the treatment of neural regeneration.This paper aims to review the recent progress of eNSC in treating neonatal brain injury.

Electrical stimulation combined with neurotrophin 3 promotes proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury in rats / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Due to limited access to exogenous neural stem cells, immune rejection and ethical problems, how to activate endogenous neural stem cells and promote their growth, proliferation and differentiation has become an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation combined with neurotrophin 3 on the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells into neurons after spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Ninety-six rats were randomly divided into sham operation (spinal cord exposed only), spinal cord injury, electrical stimulation, and electrical stimulation+neurotrophin groups, 24 rats in each group. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established by modified Allen method in the latter three groups. After the model was established, the rats in the four groups were given corresponding treatments. At 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after modeling, the motor function of hind limbs was evaluated by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score. The latency of motor evoked potential was examined by electrophysiology. At 28 days after modeling, samples of the spinal cord were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the pathological changes and for immunohistochemical staining to observe the the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the sham operation group, the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score in the spinal cord injury group was significantly decreased (P electrical stimulation group > spinal cord injury group. The expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein was highest in the spinal cord injury group, followed by electrical stimulation group, and lowest in the electrical stimulation+neurotrophin group. These results show that after electrical stimulation plus neurotrophin 3 intervention, endogenous neural stem cells can proliferate and differentiate into neurons. Pathological damage is significantly alleviated and motor function of hind limbs is significantly improved.

Luteolin protects brain injury and improves endogenous neural stem cells proliferation on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effects of luteolin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 40 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham group,model group,luteolin low and high dose groups.Each group was given oral administration for 7 days.After 1 h of last administration,the CIRI ( cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury) group was produced inserting 5-0 line into the internal carotid artery.Then levels of IL-10, IL-1βand TNF-αcontents in myocardial tissues were measured.Meanwhile,infarct size was detected by TTC staining and number of BrdU +and Nestin + were measured by immunohistochemical methods.Results Compared with model group, luteolin could significantly decrease the levels of TNF-αand IL-1βin cerebral tissues(P<0.05),improve IL-10 content in cerebral tissues(P<0.05),and effectively reduce myocardial infarct range(P<0.05).Meanwhile luteolin could improve the expressions of BrdU + and Nestin + in cerebral tissues(P <0.05).Conclusion Luteolin has beneficial effects on rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and improves endogenous neural stem cells proliferation.

Potential Biological Mechanism Underlying Rehabilitation Training after Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Spinal cord injury is a kind of disease with high disability rate and poor prognosis. According to the degree of injury and damage plane, adopting appropriate rehabilitation measures can effectively enhance the patient's sensory and motor function, and ultimately improve the quality of life. This article briefly introduced the content of rehabilitation training corresponding with various periods, and sum-marized that relieving the secondary injury, improving the regenerative microenvironment, promoting proliferation and differentiation of en-dogenous neural stem cells differentiation and inducing plasticity were the biological mechanisms underlying the effect of rehabilitation training.

Experimental study of tetrandrine on endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To discuss the effect of tetrandrine on endogenous neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation after spinal cord injury in rats. Methods 78 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group(n=36), Tet-treated group(n=36), sham-operated group(n=6). Control group and Tet-treated group were adapted with Allen's combat modeling method. Rats in Tet group were injected Ted with a dosage 22.5 mg/kg in 30 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours after ASCI, and the same dose of saline was injected into injured group as control .Samples were dissected from the spinal cord injury sites at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks after ASCI, and tested by HE staining for morphology and by immunolfuorescence staining for the expression of BrdU and nestin. Results A little Nestin positive cells and BrdU positive cells were found in control group and Tet-treated group at 1 day after injury. A large number of positive cells were found in both groups at 1 week after injury and reached the peak which lasted for 2 weeks and then decreased gradually. The expression of Nestin positive cells and BrdU positive cells in control group and Tet-treated group were decreased significantly at 4 weeks after injury, but were still more than that in sham operation group. The number of Nestin positive cells and BrdU positive cells in Tet-treated group were more than that in control group at each time point after injury. The expression was higher in Tet-treated group than control group at 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks after injury and had no difference at 4 weeks after injury. Conclusions Tetrandrine could increase the number of Nestin positive cells, BrdU positive cells and endogenous neural stem cells though improving the microenvironment, and it is beneficial for the recovery of spinal cord injury in rats.

Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha gene on proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in rats following intracerebral hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) gene on proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in rats following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 specific pathogen-free, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study. After establishment of ICH models in rats, PBS, Ad, or Ad-HIF-1α was administered via the ischemic ventricle. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th d after ICH, rat neurological deficits were scored, doublecortin (DCX) expression in the subventricular zone cells was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-, BrdU/DCX-, and BrdU/glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells in the subventricular zone were counted using immumofluorescence method among PBS, Ad, and Ad-HIF-1α groups.@*RESULTS@#On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th d after ICH, neurological deficit scores in the Ad-HIF-1α group were significantly lower than in the PBS and Ad groups (P<0.05). In the Ad-HIF-1α group, DCX expression was significantly increased on the 7th d, peaked on the 14th d, and then gradually decreased. In the Ad-HIF-1α group, BrdU-positive cells were significantly increased over time course, and significant difference in BrdU-positive cell counts was observed when compared with the PBS and Ad groups at each time point (P<0.01 or 0.05). On the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th d after ICH, the number of DCX-, BrdU-, BrdU/DCX-, and BrdU/DCX-positive cells in the Ad-HIF-1α group was significantly greater than in the PBS and Ad groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HIF-1α gene can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after ICH, thereby contributing to neurofunctional recovery after ICH.

Endogenous Neural Stem Cells in Spinal Cord Injury(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Recent advances in endogenous neural stem cells have made regeneration-based therapies feasible as therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injuries. Endogenous neural stem cells of the intact adult spinal cord reside not only in the ependymal layer of the central canal but also in the parenchyma, followed by responses of the activation and migration in the injured spinal cord. The most endogenous neural stem cells differentiate scar forming astrocytes and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes, but not neurogenic neurons. Thus the knowledge in intrinsic program of endogenous neural stem cells differentiation is obviously difficult and crucial for the recovery of spinal cord injury in the present.

Induction of Endogenous Neural Stem Cells with Hyperbaric Oxygen after Half Cut-off of Spinal Cord in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after acute spinal cord half cut-off in rats. MethodsThe differences of proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells between injured group and intervention group were compared. ResultsThere were remarkable differences between injured group and intervention group. ConclusionHBO can promote the proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells in rats after spine cord injury.