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OBJECTIVE To study the extraction and enrichment technology of chrysosplenides A （CA） and I （CI） in Tibetan medicine Chrysosplenium axillare. METHODS HPLC method was used to determine the contents of CA and CI. The orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction technology of CA and CI in C. axillare using total transfer rate of CA and CI as evaluation indexes， with volume fraction of ethanol， extraction temperature， extraction times and solid-liquid ratio as factors. The validation test was also performed. The enrichment technology of CA and CI in C. axillare was optimized using D101 macroporous adsorption resin as adsorbent， total contents of CA and CI as evaluation indexes， with the volume fraction and dosage of eluent for impurities and target components. The validation test was also performed. RESULTS The optimum extraction conditions of CA and CI from C. axillare were as follows： the medicinal powder of C. axillare was extracted by ultrasound at room temperature for 45 min at one time with 8 times of 50% ethanol. Results of validation tests showed that total transfer rate of CA and CI in C. axillare was 95.43% in average （RSD＝1.02%， n＝3）. The optimal enrichment technology was as follows： the sample solution was added into D101 macroporous adsorption resin column and stood for 1 hour； the impurities were eluted with 20% ethanol 4 BV （column volume）， and CA and CI were eluted with 50% ethanol 4 BV. The results of validation tests showed that total content of CA and CI was 322.7 mg/g in average （RSD＝1.05%， n＝3）， with average enrichment multiple of 11.61 times. CONCLUSIONS The study has successfully optimized the extraction and enrichment technology of CA and CI from C. axillare， and can provide reference for the development and utilization of CA and CI.
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RESUMEN Debido al contenido de macronutrientes, micronutrientes y antioxidantes, la ingesta de hortalizas y de legumbres en la dieta puede reducir el riesgo de enfermedades, por tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un prototipo de alimento deshidratado con base en harina de auyama (Cucurbita moschata Duchense), enriquecido con fuentes proteicas, provenientes de granos. Se establecieron seis tratamientos empleando nueve materias primas, variando el porcentaje de cada una de ellas, donde la mayor proporción correspondió a la harina de auyama, se realizó un análisis bromatológico para cada materia prima y tratamiento. Posteriormente, se adelantó el análisis de carotenos totales, carbohidratos y calorías; para las variables materia seca (MS), cenizas, grasa, proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente ácida (FDA) y fibra detergente neutra (FDN), se empleó un análisis de varianza y para la prueba sensorial, se aplicó la prueba Friedman, con 60 jueces. Al emplear los factores de conversión Atwater, los resultados indicaron que los materiales seleccionados para formular un prototipo de alimento deshidratado presentan bajo contenido de fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). La prueba de Friedman estableció que el mejor tratamiento para los 60 evaluadores fue el 6 seguido del 1, con la inclusión de harina de auyama del 15 y 20 %, respectivamente. Se concluye que, a partir de la inclusión de harina de hortaliza y de leguminosas es posible obtener un producto deshidratado con alto contenido de macronutrientes.
ABSTRACT Due to the content of macronutrients, micronutrients, and antioxidants, the intake of vegetables and legumes in the diet can reduce the risk of diseases, therefore, the objective of this research was to develop a prototype of dehydrated food based on butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchense) enriched with protein sources from grains. six treatments were established using nine raw materials, varying the percentage of each of them, where the highest proportion corresponded to butternut squash, a bromatological analysis was carried out for each raw material and treatment. Subsequently, the analysis of total carotenoids, carbohydrates, and calories was carried out; for the variables dry matter (DM), ashes, fat, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), an analysis of variance was used and for the sensory test the Friedman test was performed with 60 judges. When using the Atwater conversion factors, the results indicated that the materials selected to formulate a dehydrated food prototype have a low content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The Friedman test established that the best treatment for the 60 evaluators was 6 followed by 1, with the inclusion of butternut squash at 15 and 20 %, respectively. It is concluded that, from the inclusion of vegetable and legume flour, it is possible to obtain a dehydrated product with a high content of macronutrients.
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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer and its effect on the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods The miRNA expression data of normal ovarian epithelial tis-sues and epithelial ovarian cancer tissues GSE83693 were downloaded from the GEO database. Differential expression analysis was used to obtain differential expression data of miRNAs in epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression of miR-455 -5p was analyzed whether there is difference expression between normal ovarian epithelium and epithelial ovary cancer tissues; qRT-PCR was used to verify the differential expression prediction results; bio-informatics software was used to analyze the KEGG pathway enrichment and GO gene function annotation of miR-455-5p target genes,and to explore the disorders of dyregulated miR-455-5p in the devel-opment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Results A total of 101 cases of differentially expressed miRNAs were screened,34 cases were up-regulated and 67 cases were down-regulated. Among them,miR-455-5p was down-regulated significantly(P<0. 01),and the different fulds were -2. 9019. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-455-5p in epithelial ovarian cancer cells(SKOV-3,OVCAR-3 and A2780)was significantly lower than that in normal ovarian epithelial cells(IOSE-80),and the dif-ferential expression was statistically significant(P<0. 05). The results of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that miR-455-5p regulated target genes mainly involved in five pathways,including TGF-β signaling pathway,Hippo signaling pathway,ECM-receptor interaction,transcriptional dysregulation pathway in cancer,and chronic granule cellular leukemia,which were associated with tumors. GO functional annotation analysis showed that the target genes regulated by miR-455-5p in the above pathway was mainly involved in protein phosphorylation,promoted cell proliferation and migration,inhibited apoptosis,promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition,regulated transcription and regulated cell cycle,etc. ,which associated with tumorigenesis. Conclusion The expression of miR-455-5p is down-regulated in epithelial ovarian cancer. The miR-455-5p target genes are involved in the pathogenesis and function of epithelial ovarian cancer,and are associated with the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Objective To investigate the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathological features in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2) enrich breast cancer. Mehtods The expression of AR was detected by immunohistochemical staining in 102 patients with Her-2 enrich breast cancer. The relationship between AR expression and its clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The positive rate of AR expression was 75.5%. Patients in the positive group had a lower level of lymph nodes and Ki-67 value (P 0.05). Conclusion AR was highly expressed in Her-2 enrich breast cancer, which may be a potential target for treatment of Her-2 enrich breast cancer.
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Objective To compare effect of chemotherapy agent DDP to MACS in sorting cancer stemcells (CSC) of laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep-2. Methods CD133 magnetic beads were applied to sort Hep-2 cells. Different dosages of DDP were used to treat Hep-2 cells for 48 hours. Enrichment rate of CD133+ cells by MACS and after DDP treatment was detected by Flow Cytometer (FCM). Morphologic change was observed under inverse-phase microscope. Results FCM showed that the sorting rate of CD133+ cells through MACS was 64.33 %, while after DDP treatment for 48 hours, the rate of CD133+ cells was enriched significantly in each dosage of DDP, with the maximal rate was 50.7 %, in the dosage of 4 μg/ml. There was a significantly difference between MACS and each of DDP group (P <0.01). Cells treated with DDP were abnormal in morphology. Conclusion MACS and DDP sorting has respective advantages in enriching CSC in Hep-2 cell lines.
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Para pensar el lugar del coordinador en los grupos operativos, primero hay que comprender en qué consiste un grupo operativo, el cual se entiende, según la teoría de Enrique Pichón Rivière, como un "conjunto de personas ligadas entre sí por constantes de tiempo y espacio y articuladas por ser mutua representación interna, con una finalidad que es centrarse en la tarea y cuyo objetivo es aprender a pensar en términos de resolución de dificultades creadas y manifestadas en el campo grupal y no en cada uno de los integrantes".
To think about the place of the coordinator in the operative groups, first it is necessary to understand what an operative group consists of, which is understood, according to the theory of Enrique Pichón Rivière, as a "group of people linked to each other by constants of time and space and articulated by being mutual internal representation, with a purpose that is to focus on the task and whose objective is to learn to think in terms of solving difficulties created and manifested in the group field and not in each of the members. "