Unveiling supply chain efficiency: exploring ABC-VED analysis studies on drug inventory management in India

About one-third of annual hospital budget is spent on buying materials and supplies including medicines. In any health facility, be it small health center or a big teaching institution, drugs forms an essential and indispensable element. Non-availability of drugs particularly in the developing countries is due to lack of proper material management. A poor management in a public pharmaceutical supply can result in wastage or blockade of financial resources, irrational utilization of drugs, shortage or overage of essential drugs, increased holding cost, and reduction in flexibility and decline in quality of health care services. Adaptation of a scientific approach of inventory management in healthcare manages all the issues regarding stocking of pharmaceutical items, ensuring safety, stability, efficacy, availability and maintenance of quality of drugs to provide better healthcare services. This review will focus on inventory management and its importance with special emphasis on always better control-vital, essential, desirable (ABC-VED) analysis technique on essential medicine concept and report of various research studies conducted on ABC-VED analysis in different parts of country.

Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils exhibit testosterone antagonistic and oestrogen synergic effects in male Wistar rats: potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment

Background: Aframomum species are routinely used as spices in many traditional Cameroonian meals due to their sweet fragrance. Many species of the Aframomum species are also used to treat cancer, pain, arthritis, and stomach disorders. This work was performed to determine the chemical composition, antiandrogenic, and estrogenic properties of Aframomum subsericeum and Aframomum alboviolaceum leaf essential oils. Methods: The chemical components of A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The anti-androgenic and estrogenic properties were investigated in vivo in physically and chemically castrated Wistar rats, respectively. Results: Fifteen compounds versus nine compounds were identified in A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum essential oils, respectively. The main compounds of Aframomum subsericeum were cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene) (10.03%), ?-terpine (12.22%), and myrtenyl acetate (8.52%), while those of Aframomum alboviolaceum were ?-terpinene (20.07%), caryophyllene (11.58%), myrtenyl acetate (7.22%), and (1R)2, 6, 6 trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1] hept-2-ene (6.97%). The results of the anti-androgenic test reveal that both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum induced a significant decrease in androgen-dependent organs, especially the prostate and seminal vesicle, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, A. alboviolaceum showed oestrogen synergic effects on the above organs. Conclusions: So, this study reveals mainly the presence of diterpenoids in both A. subsericeum and A. alboviolaceum, which are potential candidates for prostate cancer treatment. The in vivo results show that Aframomum leaf essential has antiandrogenic and oestrogen synergic properties, suggesting that the oils could provide a safe natural drug for prostate cancer treatment.

REVIEW ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF GENUS JUNIPER

Juniper species belonging to the family Cupressaceae are evergreen shrubs or trees that thrive in dry, rocky, or sandy soils. There are roughly 67 species in the genus, all indigenous to the northern hemisphere. Several species of this genus have been reported to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Additionally, some species have been shown to have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties in Parkinson's disease patients. The majority of these activities are caused by the phytochemical constituents found in these species. This article covers most of the constituents of plants of the genus juniper reported from 2010 to 2023. Furthermore, the biological activities of plants of the genus juniper are presented.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil from the aerial parts of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the highlands of Ecuador / Composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial de las partes aéreas de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivado en las tierras altas del Ecuador

Thechemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from aerial parts (leaves and flowers) of Chuquiraga arcuataHarling grown in the Ecuadorian Andes were studied. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in the essential oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons (45.8%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (44.1%) had the major percentages. The most abundant compounds were camphor (21.6%), myrcene (19.5%), and 1,8-cineole (13.4%). Antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH, ABTS,and FRAP assays. The essential oil had a moderate scavenging effect and reduction of ferric ion capacity through FRAP assay. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was observed against four pathogenic bacteria and a fungus. The essential oil exhibited activity against all microorganism strains under test, particularly against Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 2.43-12.10 µg/mL.

Se estudió la composición química, actividades antioxidantes y antimicrobianas del aceite esencial procedente de las partes aérea (hojas y flores) de Chuquiraga arcuataHarling cultivadas en los Andes ecuatorianos. Se identificaron 126 compuestos en el aceite esencial. Los hidrocarburos monoterpénicos (45,8%) y los monoterpenos oxigenados (44,1%) tuvieron el mayor porcentaje. Los compuestos más abundantes fueron alcanfor (21,6%), mirceno (19,5%) y 1,8-cineol (13,4%). La actividadantioxidante se examinó mediante ensayos DPPH, ABTS y FRAP. El aceite esencial tuvo un efecto eliminador moderado y una reducción de la capacidad de iones férricos mediante el ensayo FRAP. Se observó actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial contra cuatro bacterias y un hongo patógenos. El aceite esencial mostró actividad contra todas las cepas de microorganismos bajo prueba, particularmente contra Candida albicansy Staphylococcus aureuscon CMI de 2,43-12,10 µg/mL.

Actividad repelente e insecticida de cuatro aceites esenciales de plantas recolectadas en Chocó-Colombia contra Tribolium castaneum / Repellent and insecticidal activity of four essential oils from plants recolleted in Chocó-Colombia against Tribolium castaneum

This study aimed to determine the repellent and insecticidal activity of four essential oils (EOs) from plants collected in the Chocó rain forest, Colombia, against T. castaneum . Conventional hydrodistillation was used to obtain the EOs. The repellent and insecticidal activities were evaluated by the preference area and gas dispersion methods, espectively. Statistical differences (p<0.05) were determined by applying a student's t-test. EOs of Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum, and Nectandra acutifolia showed excellent repellent properties as the main findings, highlighting S. conicaEO with 84% repellency (1-hµL/cm2), while P. marginatum showed to be bioactive to the dose of 500 µL/mL (72 h), inducing mortality of 100% of the exposed population. In conclusion, the results evidenced the repellent properties of the EOs evaluated against T. castaneum , which allows us to conclude that these plant species are potential natural sources producing bio-repellents that contribute to the integrated control of T. castaneum.

Se evaluaron cuatro aceites esenciales (AEs) de plantas recolectadas en la selva pluvial del Chocó, Colombia, para determinar su actividad repelente e insecticida contra T. castaneum. Los AEs fueron obtenidos por hidrodestilación convencional. Las actividades repelentes e insecticidas se evaluaron por los métodos de área de preferencia y dispersión de gas, respectivamente. Las diferencias significativas (p<0,05) fueron determinadas aplicando una prueba t de student. Los AEs de Siparuna guianensis, S. conica, Piper marginatum y Nectandra acutifolia mostraron excelentes propiedades repelentes, destacando el AE de S. conicacon un 84% de repelencia (1µL/cm2), mientras que el AE de P. marginatummostró ser bioactivo a la dosis de 500 µL/mL (72 h) al inducir la mortalidad del 100% de la población expuesta. Se concluye que estas especies de plantas son fuentes naturales potencialmente viables para la producción de biorepelentes que contribuyan en el control integrado de T. castaneum.

EVALUATION OF PRESCRIBING PATTERN IN ORTHOPEDICS DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Objective: To study the demographic profile and prescription pattern in Orthopedics department in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. A total of 144 patients were enrolled and their prescriptions were analyzed for three months. The data was analyzed by using a Microsoft Excel Worksheet. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and defined daily dose were used to classify the prescribed drugs.Results: Out of 144 patients enrolled, 105 (72.92%) were male and 39 (27.08%) were female. Maximum patients were between 21-40 y of age. The mean age of the patients was 35.04±18.53. The average number of drugs per prescription was 4.84. Fracture of limbs (58.33%) was the most common diagnosis. Analgesics were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was 48.06, and that from the essential drug list was 47.78. The percentage of fixed-dose combinations used was 28.55.Conclusion: Although we found that a good percentage of drugs were prescribed from essential drug list but, this practice has to be increased in future. It is also seen that average number of drugs per prescription was high and percentage of drugs prescribed by generic names was less than that by brand names. So, there is immense scope of improvement for prescribing in the hospital.

Aceite esencial de hojas de Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. del Ecuador: extracción, composición química, capacidad antioxidante y actividad antimicrobiana / Essential oil of Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. leaves from Ecuador: extraction, chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity

The aim of this study was to optimize by response surface design, the extraction of the leaf essential oil (EO) from Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb., grown in Ecuador, using steam distillation. The factors used were extraction time (XTIE) of 60, 105 and 150 min and plant material/water ratio (XRMA) of 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The optimal combination was reached with XRMA 1:5 and XTIE 150 min, obtaining a process yield of 0.67%. The chemical composition of the EO analyzed by GC - MS was determined, where the main compounds were carvacryl acetate (44.01%), carvacrol (16.51%) and menthone (8.20%). The anti oxidant capacity of EO was evaluated using the FRAP and ABTS methodologies, with an IC 50 243.21 µmol Fe 2+ /g and 0.12 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of EO was found against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Escherich ia coli and Staphylococcus aureus .

El objetivo del estudio fue optimizar, mediante un diseño de superficie respuesta, la extracción d el aceite esencial (AE) de hojas de Minthostachys mollis [HBK] Griseb. del Ecuador, mediante destilación por arrastre de vapor. Los factores fueron el tiempo de extracción (XTIE) de 60, 105 y 150 min, y relación de material vegetal/ agua destilada (XRMA) d e 1:3, 1:4 y 1:5. La combinación óptima se logró con XTIE 150 min y XRMA 1:5 para un rendimiento de 0,67%. Se determinó la composición química del AE por GC - MS donde los compuestos mayoritarios fueron acetato de carvacrilo (44,01%), carvacrol (16,51%) y me ntona (8,20%). Se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante del AE por las metodologías FRAP y ABTS, con CI 50 de 243,21 µmol Fe 2+ /g y 0,12 mg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se demostró la actividad antimicrobiana contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella enterica , Es cherichia coli y Staphylococcus aureus .

Screening of essential oils against oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis / Screening de aceites esenciales frente a Staphylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes extraidos de aislados de mastitis bovina

Bovine mastitis is a disease wi th far - reaching consequences for the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that is especially resistant to antibiotics. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thy mus vulgaris (L), and a mixture of the essential oils Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), against isolates of oxacillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=15) of positive cases of bovine mastitis. For the statistical analysis, the IBM SPSS s tatistical package was used. The mixture of essential oils ( Lippia citriodora and Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)) obtained the most significant antimicrobial activity in relation to pure essential oils. It is therefore concluded that the mixture of these oils boosts their antimicrobial activity ( p <0.05). The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of this mixture for the total isolations was 12 µL/L and 25 µL/mL, respectively.

La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad de gran impacto para la industria lechera. El Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los principales patógenos, especialmente aquellos resistentes a los antibióticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Lam.), Thymus vulgaris (L), y una mezcla de aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v), frente a aislamientos clínicos de Staph ylococcus aureus oxacilino - resistentes (n=15) de mastitis bovina. Se utilizó p rograma estadístico IBM SPSS y se concluyó la diferencia significativa a un p <0.05. La mezcla de aceites esenciales ( Lippia citriodora y Thymus vulgaris (50/50 v/v)), obtuvo la m ayor actividad antimicrobiana en relación a los aceites esenciales puros, se concluye que la mezcla de estos aceites potencia su actividad antimicrobiana ( p <0.019). La concentración mínima inhibitoria y bactericida de esta mezcla fue del 12 µL/mL y 25 µL/m L, respectivamente, y puede ser una alternativa terapéutica.

The clinicopathological spectrum and driver mutation profile in classic BCR-ABL1 negative myeloproliferative neoplasms: a three-year study from a tertiary care center in Kerala, South India

Background: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders primarily of the adults. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of MPNs include the molecular landscape as one of the diagnostic criteria. JAK2 exon14 (JAK2 V617F), JAK2 exon12, Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene exon 10 (MPL 515), and calreticulin exon 9 (CALR) mutations are the main somatic driver mutations detected in classic BCR-ABL1 negative MPNs. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted including 99 patients diagnosed with classic BCR-ABL1 negative MPNs during a 3-year time period, from March 2018 to February 2021 in the departments of pathology and clinical haematology- haemato oncology of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Clinical, haematological and morphological features were analysed and correlated with MPN associated mutation studies done in blood/bone marrow samples. Results: The prevalence of polycythaemia vera (PV) was found to be higher than other MPN, two third of which were JAK2 positive. More than half of the cases of primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) also showed JAK2 mutation. CALR was positive in 17.4% of ET and 31.3% of PMF; MPL in 4.4% of ET and 3.1% of PMF. Conclusions: The prevalence of triple-negative MPN point towards the need for whole-exome sequencing of triple-negative MPN.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Alpinia menghaiensis S Q Tong & Y M Xia in S Q Tong from Vietnam / Composición química y actividad antimicrobiana de aceite escencial de Alpinia menghaiensis S Q Tong y Y M Xia en S Q Tong de Vietnam

The chemical constituents and antimic robial activity of the essential oil isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia menghaiensis S.Q. Tong & Y.M. Xia in S.Q. Tong from Vietnam was studied and reported. The techniques of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to characterize the chemical constituents of the essential oil while the microdilution assay was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The main compounds identified in the rhizome essential oil consist of ß - pinene (46.5%), ß - phellandrene (25.7%) and α - pinene (8.5%). The studied essential oil inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) value of 15.32 µg/mL ± 0. 01, and median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 32.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. The essential oil also displayed activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC 31.57 ± 0.01 µg/mL) and Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MIC, 34.21 µg/mL ± 0.01 µg/mL), and IC 50 va lue of 64.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. This is the first report on the rhizome oil composition, as well as the antimicrobial of essential oils from A. menghaiensis . The paper discusses further the comparative analysis of essential oils from A. menghaiensis .

Se investigaron los componentes químicos y la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite escencial aislado de los rizomas de Alpinia menghaiensis S.Q. Ton g & Y. M. Xia en S.Q. Tong de Vietnam. Se usaron las técnicas de cromatografía de gases (GC) y cromatografía de gases con espectrometría de masas (GC/MS) para caracterizar los componentes químicos del aceite escencial, mientras que se utilizó un ensayo de microdilución para evaluar la actividad antimicrobial. Se identificaron los componentes principales en el aceite escencial del rizoma, compuesto de ß - pineno (46.5%), ß - fellandreno (25.7%) y α - pineno (8.5%). El aceite escencial estudiado inhibió el crecimie nto de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 con concentraciones de actividad mínima inhibitoria (MIC) de 15.32 µg/mL ± 0.01, y una m ediana de concentración inhibitoria (IC 50 ) de 32.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. El aceite escencial también mostró actividad contra Staphylococ cus aureus ATCC25923 (MIC 31.57 ± 0.01 µg/mL) y Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 (MIC, 34.21 µg/mL ± 0.01 µg/mL), y valor IC 50 de 64.0 ± 0.01 µg/mL. Este es el primer reporte sobre la composición del aceite de rizoma, así como de las propiedades antimicrobianas d e los aceites escenciales de A. menghaiensis . El artículo discute el análisis comparativo de los aceites escenciales de A. menghaiensis .

Efecto ecotóxico y preventivo del uso de aceites esenciales en la mastitis bovina / Ecotoxic and preventive effect of the use of essential oils in bovine mastitis

The essential oils of Lippia citriodora (Ort.) and Lippia origanoides (Kunth) have shown antimicrobial activity associated with mastitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate its ecotoxic effect with the Artemia salina bioassay and the prevention of mastitis through an in vivo test in cattle (n=20) with a product based on these oils using a conventional product as a control. Contact hypersensitivity, the effect on somatic cells, and residuality in mil k samples were evaluated. The results of the Artemia salina bioassay were 10.05 and 19.36 (µg/mL) respectively. No negative effects or contact hypersensitivity were observed, and no residual metabolites were found in post - test milk. The somatic cell count showed 75% effectiveness in the prevention of mastitis with essential oils compared to 62.5% with the conventional product. The evaluated formulation could be used in the prevention of bovine mastitis safely, further investigation is required.

Los aceites esenciales de Lippia citriodora (Ort.) y Lippia origanoides (Kunth), han mostrado acti vidad antimicrobiana asociada a la mastitis. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar su efecto ecotóxico con el bioensayo Artemia salina y la prevención de mastitis mediante un ensayo in vivo en bovinos (n=20) con un producto a base de estos aceites utiliz ando como control un producto convencional. Se evaluó la hipersensibilidad de contacto, efecto en células somáticas y residualidad en muestra de leche. Los resultados del bioensayo de Artemia salina fueron 10,05 y 19,36 (µg/mL) respectivamente. No se obser varon efectos negativos, ni hipersensibilidad de contacto, y no se encontraron metabolitos residuales en leche posterior al ensayo. El conteo de células somáticas mostró efectividad en la prevención de mastitis del 75% con aceites esenciales frente al 62.5 % del producto convencional. La formulación evaluada podría ser utilizada en la prevención de la mastitis bovina de forma segura, se requiere profundizar en la investigación.

Preparation and in vivo Distribution of Essential Oil from Alpinia zerumbet Fructus Encapsulated Nanoemulsions / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo prepare oral nanoemulsions encapsulating essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet fructus（EOFAZ） and to investigate its pro-absorption effect in vitro and distribution in vivo. MethodThe proteoglycan conjugate polysaccharides of vinegar-processed Bupleuri Radix-bovine serum albumin（VBCP-BSA） was prepared by Maillard reaction of VBCP and BSA. Taking VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， vitamin B12（VB12） as absorption enhancer， and medium chain triglycerides mixed with EOFAZ as oil phase， the nanoemulsions loaded with EOFAZ was prepared by high energy emulsification method. The particle size， particle size distribution， surface Zeta potential， EOFAZ content and appearance and morphology of the nanoemulsions were characterized， and fluorescein tracer method was used to investigate the absorption effect of fluorescein-labeled EOFAZ nanoemulsions in vitro and their distribution in vivo. ResultVBCP-BSA was formed by Maillard reaction for 48 h with high grafting rate. Using VBCP-BSA as emulsifier， the homogeneous pink nanoemulsions was prepared and denoted as EOFAZ@VBCP-BSA/VB12. The particle size of the nanoemulsions was less than 100 nm and the particle size distribution was uniform. The surface of the nanoemulsions was a weak negative charge， and the shape was spherical. The encapsulation rate of the nanoemulsions for EOFAZ was greater than 80%， which had a good absorption effect in vitro and could enhance liver accumulation after oral administration. ConclusionThe designed proteoglycan nanoemulsions can effectively load EOFAZ， promote oral absorption and enhance liver distribution， which can provide experimental basis for the development of oral EOFAZ liver protection preparations.

Relationship between serum levels of sSema4D,CXCL12 and left ventricular diastolic function in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between serum soluble semaphorin 4D(sSema4D),CXC chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)levels and left ventricular diastolic function in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension.Methods A total of 148 young and middle-aged patients with essential hyperten-sion admitted to a hospital from November 2020 to November 2022 were selected as the study subjects,and were grouped into left ventricular diastolic dysfunction group(n=41)and normal left ventricular diastolic function group(n=107)according to their left ventricular diastolic function.The serum levels of sSema4D and CXCL12 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between the serum levels of sSema4D and CXCL12 and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD),left ventricular septal thickness(IVST),left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness(LVPWT),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),E peak/A peak(E/A)and maximum velocity of tricuspid regurgitation(TRVmax).The predictive value of ser-um sSema4D and CXCL12 levels in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results There were significant differences in diastolic blood pressure and gender between the left ventricular diastolic dys-function group and the left ventricular diastolic function normal group(P＜0.05).Compared with the normal left ventricular diastolic function group,serum levels of sSema4D,CXCL12 in the left ventricular diastolic dys-function group were obviously increased,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Compared with normal left ventricular diastolic function group,IVST and LVPWT in the left ventricular diastolic dys-function group were significantly increased,and E/A was significantly decreased,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum sSema4D and CXCL12 levels were positively cor-related with LVEDD,IVST and LVPWT(P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with E/A(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum sSema4D and CXCL12 combined in pre-dicting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension was 0.894(95％CI:0.833-0.939),which was significantly greater than that of sSema4D alone in predicting left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension(Z=3.142,P=0.002)and CXCL12 alone predicted the AUC of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension(Z=3.268,P=0.001).Conclusion Serum sSema4D and CXCL12 levels are associated with left ventricular diastolic function in young and middle-aged patients with essential hypertension.

Expression and diagnostic value of serum miR-483-3p in patients with essential hypertension / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the level and diagnostic value of microRNA(miR)-483-3p in the serum of patients with essential hypertension(EH).Methods A total of 180 EH patients ad-mitted in Department of Cardiology of Sanya Central Hospital from January 2021 to March 2023 were enrolled as the study group,and another 160 healthy volunteers matched in general clinical data and taking physical examination during the same period were subjected as the control group.RT-qPCR was used to detect miR-483-3p levels in the sera of the 2 groups.Results The levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,SBP,and DBP were significantly higher(P＜0.01),so was the serum miR-483-3p level(2.15±0.57 vs 1.00±0.05,P＜0.01)in the study group than the control group.The serum miR-483-3p level was in an obvious upward trend in the patients with hypertension of grades 1,2,and 3(1.44±0.45 vs 1.79±0.58 vs 3.35±0.64,P＜0.05).The level was positively correlated with hypertension grade in the study group(r=0.745,P=0.000),and the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,SBP and DBP(P＜0.01).miR-483-3p,TC,LDL-C,SBP and DBP were independent influencing factors for EH(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The AUC value of serum miR-483-3p level for predicting EH was 0.923(95％CI:0.890-0.949).Conclusion Serum miR-483-3p level is increasing with severi-ty of EH,and has a high diagnostic value for the disease.

Chemical Composition Analysis and Repellent Activity Evaluation of Compound Mosquito Repellent Essential Oil / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To analyze the chemical components of the compound essential oil for mosquito repellent,which was composed of Menthae haplocalyx Briq.,Spirodela polyrrhiza(L.)Schleid,Acorus tatarinowii Schott and Rosmarinus offiicinalis L.,and to evaluate its repellent effect.[Methods]The chemical components of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS),and the repellent activity of the essential oil against adult Aedes albopictus was evaluated according to the"Efficacy Test and Evaluation of Space Repellent Products(Y-tube Method)".[Results]Fifty-eight main volatile components were identified,accounting for 98.28％of the total components of essential oil,eighteen terpenes(44.99％),nine alkenes(20.27％),five esters(14.07％),eight aromatic hydrocarbons(12.00％),seven alkanes(3.48％),nine alcohols(2.78％),two ketones(0.69％).The percent repellency(PR)of the compound mosquito repellent essential oil against Aedes albopictus was more than 90％on average.[Conclusion]There were many chemical components in the compound mosquito repellent essential oil.There may be a variety of chemical components such as menthol,menthone,α-pinene,etc,which had a repellent effect on Aedes albopictus,and the average repellent effect reached the A level.

Silencing essential meiotic endonuclease 1 inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells： A study of related mechanisms / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of essential meiotic endonuclease 1 （EME1） in liver cancer tissue and its effect on the biological behavior of hepatoma cells. MethodsThe TCGA database was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between liver cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot were used to measure the expression abundance of EME1 in liver cancer tissue. A lentivirus was constructed by short hairpin RNA， and BEL-7404 cells were transfected with the lentivirus to interfere with the expression of the EME1 gene； the cells were divided into silencing group （shEME1 group） and control group （shCtrl group）. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of EME1； Celigo Image Cytometer and MTT assay were used to measure cell proliferation rate； flow cytometry was used to observe cell cycle； Caspase 3/7 activity was used to measure cell apoptosis. The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison between two groups. ResultsTCGA results showed that the mRNA expression level of EME1 in liver cancer tissue was 18.9 times that in paracancerous tissue （t=5.00， P<0.001）， and the protein expression level of EME1 in liver cancer tissue was 7.0 times （based on immunohistochemistry： 8.4±2.6 vs 1.2±0.4， t=7.55， P<0.001） or 2.5 times （based on Western Blot： 249.0%±35.5% vs 100.0%±77.8%， t=3.02， P<0.05） that in paracancerous tissue. After lentivirus infection， compared with the shCtrl group， the shEME1 group had an mRNA expression level of EME1 reduced by 29.9% （29.9%±0.9% vs 100.0%±3.6%， t=32.82， P<0.001）， a protein expression level of EME1 reduced by 35.7% （35.7%±14.9% vs 100.0%±28.9%， t=3.42， P<0.05）， and a level of cell counting reduced by 45.1% （4 053±167 vs 8 988±477， t=16.91， P<0.001）， as well as a level of cell activity reduced to 66.9% （0.518±0.046 vs 0.774±0.022， t=8.74， P<0.001） and a level of colony forming ability reduced to 29.0% （75±6 vs 260±9， t=28.92， P<0.001）. Compared with the shCtrl group， the shEME1 group had a significant increase in the proportion of cells in G1 phase （49.9% vs 44.0%， t=8.96， P<0.001） and significant reductions in the proportion of cells in G2/M phase （15.9% vs 17.9%， t=9.13， P<0.001） and S phase （34.2% vs 38.1%， t=6.91， P<0.001）， while Caspase 3/7 activity was enhanced by 1.5 times （145.8%±5.9% vs 100.0%±2.3%， t=12.50， P<0.001）. ConclusionEME1 is highly expressed in liver cancer tissue， and silencing the EME1 gene can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells and promote cell apoptosis.

Correlation between psychiatric symptoms and semi-essential amino acid levels in patients with schizophrenia / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To elucidate the possible role of arginine and histidine in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia by exploring the serum levels of semi-essential amino acids (arginine and histidine) in patients with schizophrenia and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms. 【Methods】 We selected 72 inpatients with schizophrenia admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2021 to October 2022 and 72 healthy volunteers enrolled in Yanta Community during the same period as the research subjects. Serum arginine and histidine levels were measured in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls using serum liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We used the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) to evaluate the mental symptoms of patients with schizophrenia and analyzed the correlation of serum arginine and histidine levels with disease course, frequency of onset, and PANSS score. 【Results】 The levels of serum arginine (P<0.001) and histidine (P=0.011) in the schizophrenia group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of serum arginine and histidine were significantly negatively correlated with the frequency of onset (rs=-0.410, rs=-0.262), total score of PANSS (rs=-0.298, rs=-0.256), positive factors (rs=-0.299, rs=-0.234) and cognitive impairment factors (rs=-0.251, rs=-0.296). In addition, serum arginine levels had significantly negative correlation with anxiety and depression factors (rs=-0.269, P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The serum levels of arginine and histidine in patients with schizophrenia are significantly lower than those in healthy individuals, and are negatively correlated with overall mental symptoms, severity of positive symptoms and cognitive impairment. The severity of anxiety and depression symptoms is negatively correlated with arginine levels. The detection of serum arginine and histidine can provide reference for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of schizophrenia in the future.

The characteristics and implication of WHO Essential Medicines Model List 2023 / 中国卫生政策研究

The present analysis was based on the iteration of the 2023 WHO Essential Medicines Model List(23rd list)and Essential Medicines Model List for Children(9th list).In a methodological fashion,the adjustment procedure of the basic drug list and the materials required to submit the application were sorted out.Subsequently,a comprehensive synthesis of predominant features characterizing the 2023 edition of the EML and EMLc are summarized(offered).Notably,this edition boasts the highest count of medicines ever included featuring extensive inclusion of innovative drugs to fill the gap,select medicines for children carefully,and the emphasizing on clinical benefit evidence and public health affordability.It is suggested that China should update the NEML according to the national conditions and the experience of WHO as soon as possible,pay attention to the difference and connection between the list of essential medicines and the list of medical insurance,and play a meticulous role for establishing effective linkages between two lists.Such measures are envisaged to meet the basic drug needs,and ensure the accessibility and affordability of drugs,thereby optimizing the allocation of health resources.

Research on selection and subsidy standards of extended essential public health services program in China / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To meet people's increasing needs for essential public health services in different regions of China,and to adjust the needs of essential public health services according to local conditions,including demographic characteristics,disease burden,economic development level,etc.Methods:The selection and evaluation framework of extended essential public health services was developed through a literature review,based on the Multi-criteria decision analysis theory,and the operational selection process and subsidy standard of extended essential public health services were explored through conducting case simulation for public health intervention programs.Results:The study initially constructed a selection and evaluation framework containing three dimensions and eight indicators,and formed the process and steps for selecting and adjusting the provincial essential public health services programs.Conclusions:The study provides an evidence-based reference for the governments'decision-making on adjusting the connotation of the local essential public health services system.

Mental health services in Gauteng, South Africa: A proxy evaluation using pharmaceutical data

Background: South African legislation advocates for equitable access to mental healthcare services integrated into general healthcare settings. Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders are often comorbid. Pharmacoepidemiology provides indirect evidence of service provision for conditions amenable to medicine treatment. Aim: The study aims to evaluate medicine procurement for MNS disorders at different service levels in the health system. Setting: The Public health sector, Gauteng province formed the setting for the study. Method: A secondary analysis of the Gauteng pharmaceutical database was conducted using Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) and defined daily dose (DDD) methodology. Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical classes of medicines for MNS disorders were included. Defined daily doses and costs were calculated per 1000 population served by each facility and service level. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-square testing. Results: General healthcare settings accounted for 90% (R118 638 248) and specialised hospitals for 10% (R13 685 032) of expenditure on medicines for MNS disorders, procuring 94% (n = 49 442 474) and 6% (n = 3 311 528) of DDDs, respectively. Although district clinics procured 60% of DDDs, they procured the least per 1000 population served, whereas district hospitals procured the most. For almost all ATC classes, procurement differed significantly between municipalities at every service level and between specialised hospitals. Conclusion: In Gauteng province, most medicines for MNS disorders are procured by general healthcare services, but access to care may not be equitable. While population coverage at district clinics appears low, district hospitals may experience the greatest care burden. Research regarding quality of care at each service level is recommended. Contribution: This study provides insight into service provision for MNS disorders.