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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Fructus lycii in improving exercise fatigue.@*METHODS@#A network pharmacological approach was used to explore potential mechanisms of action of Fructus lycii. Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the effect and mechanism of the representative components in Fructus lycii predicted by network pharmacological analysis.@*RESULTS@#Six potential active components, namely quercetin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, 7-O-methylluteolin-6-C-beta-glucoside_qt, atropine, and glycitein, were identified to have potency in improving exercise fatigue via multiple pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, IL-17, TNF, and MAPK signaling pathways. The immunofluorescence results indicated that quercetin, a significant active component in Fructus lycii, increased the mean staining area of 2-NBDG, TMRM, and MitoTracker, and decreased the area of CellRox compared to the control. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of p-38 MAPK, p-MAPK, p-JNK, p-PI3K, and p-AKT markedly increased after quercetin treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Fructus lycii might alleviate exercise fatigue through multiple components and pathways. Among these, quercetin appears to improve exercise fatigue by enhancing energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress. The PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways also appear to play a role in this process.
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Humanos , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Fatiga/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Aim: To explore the protective effect of betelnut polyphenols on high altitude exercise-induced fatigue in rats, and to select the main targets to carry out network pharmacology research to preliminarily explore its protective mechanism. Methods: We compared the protective effects of areca catechu polyphenols on high altitude exercise fatigue in rats in low, medium and high dose groups (400, 800, and 1600 mg·kg
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Objective:To observe the effect of Xiao Jianzhongtang on Adenylate-activated protein kinase/peroxidase proliferation-activated receptor coactivator 1-α （AMPK/PGC1-α） signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of exercise fatigue mice.Method:Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， Buzhong Yiqitang group and Xiao Jianzhongtang group， with 10 mice in each group. The model group， Buzhong Yiqitang group and Xiao Jianzhongtang group were trained on the treadmill to establish a fatigue model， and the normal group did not apply any intervention. At the same time as the treadmill training， the model group was given the same amount of normal saline. Xiao Jianzhongtang was administered with 5 g·kg-1 of medicine， and Buzhong Yiqitang was administered with 2.8 g·kg-1 of medicine for 6 days. After the experiment， the weight of each group of mice and the time of running out of exhaustion were measured，the colorimetric method was used to detect the serum urea （UREA）， lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， muscle glycogen （MG）， and skeletal muscle of each group of mice Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase content， pathological changes of skeletal muscle of each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of AMPK and PGC1-α in skeletal muscle of each group .Result:Compared with normal group， the body weight of model group significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the contents of Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase， LDH， and MG significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The content of UREA increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of AMPK and PGC1-α protein increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the mice in the Xiao Jianzhongtang group had significantly increased body weight （P<0.05）， significantly increased the time spent on treadmill exhaustion（P<0.01）， Na+-K+-ATPase， Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase， LDH， and MG. The content increased significantly（P<0.05， P<0.01）， the content of UREA decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and the expression of AMPK and PGC1-α protein increased significantly （P<0.01）.Conclusion:Xiao Jianzhongtang has an anti-exercise fatigue effect， which may be related to enhancing skeletal muscle AMPK/PGC1-α pathway，enhancing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation，reducing accumulation of metabolites，slowing down glycogen consumption and decomposition，and enhancing skeletal muscle energy synthesis.
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Objective: To investigate the protective effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the exercise-induced fatigue mice, and to elucidate its mechanism. Methods: A total of 30 healthy male Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, fatigue group and HBO intervention group. The mice in control group accepted normal exercise and swimming training without weight-bearing everyday. The mice in fatigue group and HBO intervention group accepted weight-bearing swimming everyday; after each exhaustive training, the mice in fatigue group were placed in the cage and the mice in HBO intervention group were immediately placed into the hyperbaric chamber with fresh sodium lime. The exhaustive swimming time of the mice in various groups were detected. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were measured by ELISA method. The morphology of liver tissue of the mice in various groups were observed by electron microscope. The activities of ATPase in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were detected. Results: At the last exhaustive training, the exhaustive swimming time of the mice in HBO intervention group was significantly longer than that in fatigue group (P=0. 002). Compared with control group, the levels of MDA in liver tissue of the mice in fatigue group and HBO intervention group were increased (P<0. 05); while the levels of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC were decreased (P<0. 05). Compared with fatigue group, the level of MDA in liver tissue of the mice in HBO intervention group was decreased (P<0. 05), while the levels of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC were increased (P<0. 05). There were no obvious abnormal changes in liver tissue of the mice in control group; the liver cells of the mice in fatigue group showed concentration and endoplasmic reticulosis, the mitochondria were swollen or concentrated, and the structure of the iliac crest was broken, deformed and fused; but in HBO intervention group, the cytomembrane of liver tissue was intact, the mitochondrial changes were less than that in fatigue group, the structure of fistula was intact, and the changes of endoplasmic reticulum were also alleviated. Compared with control group, the activities of Na1 -K -ATPase, Ca2 -Mg21 -ATPase and total ATPase in liver tissue of the mice in fatigue group and HBO intervention group were decreased (P<0. 05); compared with fatigue group, the activities of Na -K -ATPase, Ca2 -Mg21 -ATPase and total ATPase in liver tissue of the mice in HBO intervention group were increased (P< 0.05). Conclusion: HBO intervention could effectively prolong the exhaustive swimming time of the mice and protect the function of liver, and its mechanism may be related to improving the antioxidant capacity and ATPase activity of liver tissue.
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Exercise fatigue is a physiological phenomenon not only for athletes, but also for astronauts. It is vital for athletes with hard training and astronauts with the heavy exercises for the mission in manned space flight to know how to solve the exercise fatigue. This article reviewed current commonly used TCM protective measures against fatigue.
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@#Objective To observe the effect of Sinisan on the learning and memorial ability and the expression of synaptohydin in the hippocampus of exercise-fatigue rats. Methods Rats were made into the fatigue model by Exhaustive Swimming. Learning and memorial ability of the rats were observed by moving-back with current stimulation experiment; expression of synaptohydin protein in hippocampus of exercise-fatigue rats treated with Sinisan for 10 days were detected by immunohistochemistry technique and compared to control group and model group.Results The moving-back time and the error times of the exercise-fatigue rats as follows: model group(73.00±61.96) s/(1.67±1.15), control group(144.25±57.14) s/(0.50±0.80)，Sinisan group (166.17±47.92) s/(0.38±0.49). Comparison of mean optical density of synaptohydin protein in hippocampus of rats in different groups as follows: control group (0.2636±0.10654) and Sinisan group (0.2555±0.163380) were higher than the model group (0.0474±0.1837)(P<0.05). The synaptohydin staining Results showed that synaptohydin-positive granules around the neuron in hippocampus of rats in control group were the darkest and densest, the Sinisan group were darker than the model group rats.Conclusion Sinisan could improve the learning and memorial ability and increase the synaptohydin protein in the hippocampus of the exercise-fatigue rats.