Nutrition, Food Habit, and Bone Mineral Density in Young College Females / 대한골다공증학회지

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine associations between nutrient intake, food habit, and bone mineral density in college females. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study evaluated 83 female college students from the city of Daegu. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' nutrient intake and food habits. All subjects gave written informed consent. All participants were given instructions, by a dietitian on how to complete the questionnaire on food intake (inclusive of beverages) and food habit record of weekdays. SONOST-2000 (Ultrasonic Bone mineral density Meter, Osteosis, Korea) was used to measure calcaneus bone density. Body composition was determined by using Inbody3.0 (Biospace, Korea) analysis.

Prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos de comportamiento alimentario en una población femenina de estudiantes de secundaria, Manizales, Colombia, 2011 / Prevalence of risk of eating disorders in a female population of high school students, Manizales, Colombia, 2011

Objetivo: determinar la presencia del factor de riesgo (positivo o negativo) para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) según el cuestionario EDI-2, y factores asociados en población de niñas escolarizadas de la ciudad de Manizales, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en el que se aplicó la encuesta Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI-2) a estudiantes de tres colegios privados femeninos de la ciudad de Manizales. Criterios de inclusión: pertenecer a octavo, noveno, décimo y undécimo grado. Firma de consentimiento informado. Tamaño muestral: 481 estudiantes; muestreo de los colegios y los estudiantes: probabilístico estratificado por institución y grado. Variables medidas: sociodemográficas, Apgar familiar y medidas antropométricas; las subescalas contenidas en el EDI2 son: impulso a la delgadez, bulimia, insatisfacción corporal, inefectividad, perfeccionismo, desconfianza interpersonal, conciencia interoceptiva, miedo a la madurez, ascetismo, regulación de impulsos e inseguridad social. El resultado se expresa como factor de riesgo positivo o negativo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Es positivo si la subescala impulso a la delgadez tiene un valor mayor de 14. Análisis: medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas, proporciones para variables categóricas. Resultados: se encontró que el 24,7% de la población presentó factor de riesgo positivo según el cuestionario EDI-2 para desarrollar TCA, además se encontraron los siguientes factores asociados: consumo de alcohol (p = 0,002), antecedentes familiares de TCA (p = 0,000), percepción de sobrepeso (p = 0,000), funcionalidad familiar (0,000), índice de masa corporal (p = 0,032), y todas las medidas antropométricas excepto talla.Conclusiones: la prevalencia de factor de riesgo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria detectada en este estudio muestra que dichos trastornos siguen siendo un grave problema en las adolescentes colombianas.

Objective: determining the presence of eating behavior disorders (EBD) as a high risk factor (positive or negative) according to the EDI-2 questionnaire and associated factors in three schoolgirl populations in the city of Manizales, Colombia. Materials and methods: this was cross-sectional study in which students from three private all-girls schools in the city of Manizales filled in the eating disorder inventory (EDI-2) questionnaire. The inclusion criteria involved being in the 8th, 9th, 10thor 11th grades (i.e. aged around 14-19). Informed consent forms were signed. . Sample size was 481 students; schools and students were probabilistically sampled and stratified by institution and grade. The variables measured were sociodemographic; family Apgar and anthropometric measurements were taken. The EDI-2 subscales used were: drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, introspective awareness, fear of maturity, asceticism, regulation of impulsiveness and social insecurity. The result was expressed as a risk factor for positive or negative eating behavior disorders; this was positive if the drive for thinness subscale had a value greater than 14. Analysis involved measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Results: it was found that 24.7% of the study population had a positive risk factor for developing EBD according to the EDI-2 questionnaire. The following factors were found to be associated with an EBD: alcohol consumption (p=0.002), a family background of EBD (p=0.000), perception of being overweight (p=0.000), family functionality (p=0.000), body mass index (p=0.032) and practically all the anthropometric measurements, except size. Conclusions: the prevalence of risk factors for eating behavior disorders detected in this study showed that EBD continues to be a serious problem in female colombian adolescents.

Maternity leave policies for medical students in Japan / 医学教育

1) Although maternity leave can facilitate the professional success of female students.The extent to which maternity leave is implemented remains unknown.A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of all Japanese medical schools and postgraduate schools in medicine (N=81) was performed.Responses were received from 55 medical schools and postgraduate medical schools (response rate=67.9%).The results showed that no school had formally established a maternity leave policy for students.<BR>2) We found that medical educators had reorganized clinical clerkship programs to accommodate the pregnancies of students but expressed confusion about how to manage such situations.<BR>3) We also found that many female postgraduate students drop out because of pregnancy or child-care responsibilities. Medical schools and postgraduate schools should recognize the importance of maternity leave and should not close their doors to pregnant students who are contending with both motherhood and academic achievement.

COMPARISON OF THE BODY IMAGES BETWEEN JAPANESE AND CAUCASIAN FEMALE STUDENTS / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to compare the self-estimation and ideal figure of one's body between Japanese and Caucasian female students. A questionnaire was employed to examine three areas of inquiry : Language, Numerical value, and Model figure. The subjects were chosen from the following sources: Fifty seven Japanese female students (JF-group : BMI 20.9±1.9 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and 53 male students (JM-group : 21.4±3.0kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>), and 28 Caucasian female students (CF-group : 23.1±3.3 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and 26 male students (CM-group : 22.7±3.2 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) . The proportion of those who consi dered themselves as“fat”were as follows : JF-group at 75.4% and CF-group at 32.1% (X<SUP>2</SUP>=16.182, p<0.01) . The proportion of subjects considering the ideal figure as“slim”were as follows: JF-group at 91.2% and CF-group at 46.4% (X<SUP>2</SUP>=28.973, p<0.001) . However many subjects in the JM-group and CM-group selected“slightly slim”or“average”as the ideal figure for a woman. From BMI analysis, which calculates ideal body weight with the subjects' actual standing height, it was discovered that the JF-group averaged 18.7±1.3 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>. This was a significantly lower level than 20.6±1.7 kg/m<SUB>2</SUB> for the CF-group (p<0.001) . The value for the JF-group was almost the same as the JM-group (18.9±1.3kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) . There was no difference in the BMI of the selected model as each group's physical self-perception, although there was significant difference between the actual body figure of the JF-group and CF-group. Using the BMI of the selected model as the ideal figure, the JF-group and CF-group averaged 18.4±1.1 kg/m and 19.6±1.5kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> (p<0.01) . After controll ing for the actual BMI of the JF-group (BMI≥22.0 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) and CF-group, these tendencies did not change. Based on these findings, it was concluded that Japanese female students consider themselves far fatter than they actually are, and expressed a wish to become slimmer despite already being slim. Also, there are differences between females and males as to their images of the ideal body figure. Male students prefer fatter women than what Japanese female students imagine is the ideal figure.

A Study on Body Image, Self-esteem and Self-efficacy of Female Students in College / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze the correlation on body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy of Female Students in College. METHOD: The research population included convenience sample of 696 subjects composed of Female Students in College. Data collection was done from July, 2002 to October, 2002 using a written inquiry. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1. The relationship among body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy were found to have statistically significant positive correlations. 2. The difference of body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy according to the characteristics in subjects were found to have statistically significancy of grade, age, personality and degree of adaptation. The difference of body image according to the monthly income of the family was found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between grade, age, personality, and monthly income. Further study needs to be done to validate this study and develop degrees of adaptation to improve body image, self-esteem and self-efficacy.

Relationships between the attack of Raynaud's phenomenon in female students and winter weather / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

To clarify the relationship between the occurrence of the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon and weather, maximum, minimum and mean air temperatures in winter were surveyed on the days in which the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon occurred in 4 female students with Raynaud's phenomenon in the fingers. The results obtained were as follows:<br>1) In general, the percentages of the days when the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon occurred was the highest from the end of November to December, compared to the January and February results.<br>2) Minimum and mean air temperatures on the days excluding holidays when the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon occurred were significantly lower than those on the days when the attacks did not occur for the subject who went to school from her own home; this result was not noticeble for the others who lived at the dormitory. In all subjects there were no differences in the maximum air temperatures between the days when the attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon occurred and the days when the attack did not occur.