Analysis of chemical constituents of Ginseng-Douchi compound fermentation products based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this experiment, ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was used to analyze and identify chemical constituents of Ginseng-Douchi(GD) compound fermentation, and explore the conversion rules of ginsenosides and soybean isoflavones after compound fermentation. Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was adopted, with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution(B) as mobile phase for gradient elution; electrospray ion source(ESI) was used to collect data in positive and negative ion modes; according to the exact mass number, the secondary spectrum comparison of the database and the existing literature reports, Peakview 2.0/masterview 1.0 software was used to determine the common ion structure formula. Finally, a total of 133 chemical constituents were analyzed and identified from the GD. Ginseng saponins and isoflavone glycosides were significantly converted after fermentation. Among them, peak areas of prototype ginsenosides Rk_3, Rh_1, Rh_2, Rh_3, daidzin, glycitin and genistin decreased significantly; whereas peak areas of se-condary ginsenoside Rb_1, Rb_2, Rk_1, glycitein, genistein and daidzein increased significantly. In this experiment, liquid-mass spectrometry technique was used to investigate the conversion of active ingredients of GD compound fermented products after co-fermentation, so as to provide a scientific basis for elucidating pharmacodynamics material basis and quality control.

Caracterización molecular de bacterias con potencial probiótico aisladas de heces de neonatos humanos / Molecular characterization of bacteria with probiotic potential isolated from stool of human neonates

El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar molecularmente bacterias con potencial probiótico aisladas de heces de neonatos humanos. Se evaluó 60 muestras de heces de neonatos (0-3 días) se enriquecieron en caldo Man Rogosa y Sharp (MRS) a 37°C/24h. Se seleccionó y se sometió a pruebas in vitro con sales biliares, resistencia a pH bajo y actividad antimicrobiana frente a Escherichia coli ATCC25922, E. coli ATCC35218, Salmonella enterica y Listeria inocua mediante el ensayo difusión en agar. La identificación molecular se realizó con amplificaciones PCR-BOX y el secuenciamiento del gen 16S rRNA. Se aislaron un total de 48 cepas y todas presentaron resistencia a pH 3 y 0.3% sales biliares; 3 cepas mostraron actividad antimicrobiana frente a E. coli ATCC25922, 1 cepa frente a E. coli ATCC35218, 5 cepas frente a L. inocua y todas frente a Salmonella entérica. De las 48 cepas se obtuvieron dos perfiles BOX-PCR pertenecientes a los géneros de Lactobacillus y Enterococcus. Nueve cepas (C5(2), C6(1), C7(1), C11(2), C16 2, C19(2), C20, C35, y C42) presentaron un 100% de similaridad a Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 14917T [ACGZ01000098] y dos cepas (C15 y C40) un 99.93% y 99.80% de similaridad, respectivamente a Enterococcus faecium CGMCC 1.2136T [AJKH01000109]; estas cepas mostraron actividad en leche con diferencias significativas (p valor < 0.05) en la cinética de pH 3. En conclusión se encontró bacterias con potencial probiótico.

The aim of this study is to molecularly characterize bacteria with probiotic potential isolated from feces of human neonates. Sixty stool samples from neonates (0-3 days) were evaluated and enriched in Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) broth at 37 ° C / 24h. It was selected and subjected to in vitro tests with bile salts, resistance to low pH and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, E. coli ATCC35218, Salmonella enterica and Listeria inocua by agar diffusion assay. The molecular identification was made with PCR-BOX amplifications and the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 48 strains were isolated and all showed resistance to pH 3 and 0.3% bile salts; 3 strains showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC25922, 1 strain against E. coli ATCC35218, 5 strains against L. innocuous and all against S. enterica. Of the 48 strains, two BOX-PCR profiles belonging to the genera of Lactobacillus and Enterococcus were obtained. Nine strains (C52, C61, C71, C112, C162, C192, C20, C35, and C42) presented 100% similarity to L. plantarum ATCC 14917T [ACGZ01000098] and two strains (C15 and C40) 99.93% and 99.80 % similarity, respectively to Enterococcus faecium CGMCC 1.2136T [AJKH01000109]; these strains showed activity in milk with significant differences (p value <0.05) in the kinetics of pH 3. In conclusion, bacteria with probiotic potential were found.

Treatment of GABA from Fermented Rice Germ Ameliorates Caffeine-Induced Sleep Disturbance in Mice

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, is involved in sleep physiology. Caffeine is widely used psychoactive substance known to induce wakefulness and insomnia to its consumers. This study was performed to examine whether GABA extracts from fermented rice germ ameliorates caffeine-induced sleep disturbance in mice, without affecting spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination. Indeed, caffeine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration of mice. Conversely, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA treatment (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg, p.o.), especially at 100 mg/kg, normalized the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine. In locomotor tests, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA slightly but not significantly reduced the caffeine-induced increase in locomotor activity without affecting motor coordination. Additionally, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA per se did not affect the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination of mice. In conclusion, rice germ ferment extracts-GABA supplementation can counter the sleep disturbance induced by caffeine, without affecting the general locomotor activities of mice.

Therapeutic Effects of Artemisia Argyi Ferment Substance on Systemic Candida Albicans Infection / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Artemisia argyi ferment substance on systemic Candida albicans infection. Methods The model of systemic Candida albicans infection was established in immunosuppressed mice. The model mice were randomly divided into the model control,Artemisia argyi ferment substance( AAFS) at different doses(100,200,and 400 mg·kg-1 )and fluconazole group(20 mg·kg-1 ),30 mice in each. Mice in each treatment group were given therapeutic drugs by gavage for 5 consecutive days,twice daily. The survival of mice was determined 21 days after the model was set up. The serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2 were determined by ELISA. The proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen was detected by MTT assay. The number of living fungi in liver and kidney tissues was counted. Results Compared with the model control,AAFS at middle and high doses and fluconazole significantly increased the survival rate of mice,the serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2,and the proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen,but decreased the number of living fungi in tissues(P〈0. 01). Compared with low dose AAFS,middle and high doses of AAFS and fluconazole showed significantly different effect on each index(P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01),but there was no difference among these groups(P〉0. 05). Conclusion AAFS at 200-400 mg·kg-1 has inhibitory effects on systemic Candida albicans infection in mice,the mechanism of which is related to increasing the proliferation of T lymphocyte in spleen and the levels of IFN-γand IL-2 in serum.

Yeast composition of sugar cane juice in relation to plant varieties and seasonality / Composição de leveduras do caldo em relação às variedades de cana e sazonalidade

In the production of the artisanal cachaça, a beverage obtained after distillation of the fermented sugar cane juice, natural starter ferment ("fermento caipira") is utilized, in which crushed corn, rice bran and citric fruit juice are added to sugar cane juice. The primary microbial source is the juice itself, and although the cachaça sensorial quality is recognized when this ferment is utilized, difficulties in the quality control due to the high level of contaminants and extensive preparation periods are reported. In this context, this work aimed the evaluation of the yeast composition and physico-chemical characteristics of the juice extracted from 10 sugar cane RB-varieties during the harvest season in an area under organic management, seeking for information to contribute to the varietal management allowing a faster and efficient ferment preparation. A significant decrease in the yeast numbers in the juice was observed when the maximal point of maturity was reached for the majority of the varieties. However, the proportion (%) of Saccharomyces increased with the cane maturity, recommending the early and medium maturity varieties (RB835054, RB835486, RB845210 and RB855156) to be utilized at the beginning of the harvest period for the ferment preparation, which could result in diminished preparation time and faster fermentation. The variety RB845210 is indicated because it also presented high reducing sugar and protein concentrations in the juice. The varietal management can facilitate the production and performance of the natural starter ferment, in order to contribute for the organic cachaça production.

Na produção artesanal de cachaça, bebida obtida através da destilação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar fermentado, tradicionalmente utiliza-se o fermento natural ou também chamado de caipira, resultado da mistura de vários ingredientes como milho moído, farelo de arroz e suco de frutas cítricas com caldo de cana. A fonte primária de microrganismos é o próprio caldo da cana, e embora se reconheça a qualidade sensorial da bebida quando este tipo de fermento é utilizado, há alguns inconvenientes como dificuldades no controle de qualidade devido ao alto nível de contaminantes e longos períodos de preparação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição de leveduras e as características físico-químicas do caldo em relação às variedades de cana orgânica (10 variedades RB) e à sazonalidade, no intuito de gerar informações para o manejo de variedades que permita o preparo do fermento caipira de forma mais eficiente e rápida. Os resultados indicaram uma diminuição significativa no número de leveduras próximo ao ponto máximo de maturação da cana-de-açúcar para a maioria das variedades. Porém, observou-se que a proporção (%) de Saccharomyces aumentou em decorrência da maturação da cana. Sugere-se as variedades precoces e precoces/médias (RB835054, RB835486, RB845210 e RB855156) a serem utilizadas no início da safra para o preparo do fermento caipira, o que poderia proporcionar uma diminuição no tempo de preparo do fermento e uma fermentação mais rápida. A variedade RB845210 é indicada por apresentar também maior concentração de açúcar redutor e proteína no caldo. O manejo varietal pode facilitar a produção e eficiência do fermento caipira, contribuindo assim para a produção de cachaça orgânica.

An Improved Compost Using Cotton Waste and Fermented Sawdust Substrate for Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom

A composting technique was assessed to enhance efficiency in oyster mushroom substrate. Poplar sawdusts and by-product of winter mushroom added by 10% of rice bran were composted outdoors at 20degrees C to 28degrees C for 12 days. The duration of fermentation was shortened 3 days in fermented sawdust plot. The yield obtained from waste cotton substrate with fermented poplar sawdust was 742 g, whereas the yield from control 663 g. In addition, the substrate with by-product of winter mushroom was the most effective to composting. It was useful to apply the fermented sawdust and by-product to waste cotton for compost and sporophore production of oyster mushroom.

Some opinions of the clinical maxillary ferment tumor

30 patients with the maxillary ferment tumor treated in the Institute of Face- Maxilla- Tooth during 1994- 1997 participated to a study. The results haves shown that age of disease acquiring were 16-30 years old. The morbidity rate of this disease in female was more frequent than this in male. The early diagnosis of disease impacts significantly on the progress, efficacy of the treatment and opportunity of functional rehebitation after treatment. The tumor in the corner of the mandibular teeth were frequent and related with reaimed teeth. Therefore, the abnormality in this area should be considered. X-ray played very important role in the diagnosis

Screen of antagonistic strains against Streptococcus mutans and investigation of the curb activity of ferment filtrate / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To obtain a strain which has stronger antagonistic effect against Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans), and then to study the antagonistic effect of the fermentation filtrate of the strains. Method:Surface soil samples were harvested and used in an in vitro bacteria culture system for screening of antagonistic strains against Streptococcus mutans. Ferment filtrate of the strains was respectively prepared and the antagonism of the filtrate against S. mutans was examined.Result:A strain with strong restrain effect on Streptococcus mutans was found and was identified to be Bacillus licheniformis. The strain was named strain 1#. At pH 7.0, 150 r/min and constant temperature of 30 ℃ cultivated for 24 hours,the antagonistic energy of ferment filtrate was 1 500 IU/ml,the ferment filtrate showed strong heat stability, at 37 ℃ for 1 hour, the activity decreased by 35%; at 60 ℃ for 30 min, by 47%, for 1 h, by 50%, at 100 ℃,the activity maintained 39%.The optimum pH for the activity of the ferment filtrate was 7.0, at pH 3.0, the activity kept 70% and at pH 11.0, 65%.Conclusion:The fermentation filtrate of strain 1# of Bacillus licheniformis is antagonistic against S. mutans.

Effects of Cryptoporus volvatus ferment substance on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthmatic mice with spleen-deficiency syndrome / 中草药

Objective To establish a model of asthma mice with spleen-deficiency syndrome (asthma-SDS) and to investigate the effects of Cryptoporus volvatus ferment substance (CVFS) on the airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in model mice. Methods An asthma-SDS model of mice was established by ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized plus over-eating and over-exerting. The changes of lung resistance (R_L), inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung tissue pathology, and spleen index were observed. Results Compared with the simple asthma model of mice, the airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils number in the BALF, lung tissue pathology, and spleen index in the asthma-SDS model of mice showed a significant difference (P

THE GROWING CONDTION AND FERMENTAL EXPERIMENT OF THE BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS IN THE FERMENTER / 微生物学通报

Study of most favorable growing condition for the Bacillus licheniformis ,acquirement the most favorable C/N of the growing of this bacteria is 4～4. 5, requisite the vitamins, amino-acid . Result Shows that the most favorable pH was 5. 5～6. 5, temperature was 35℃～37℃ in this study . the yield of the bacteria can be made to increased 3times.