RESUMEN
Cassia fistula Linn, a paramount medicinal plant consumed by huge population all over the world. Its bioactive metabolites include flavonoids, phenolics, and polyphenols. Major objective of current study is to find right media combination and age of callus for maximum accumulation of free flavonoids in Cassia fistula cultures. In this study, the calli were induced in MS + 1.0mg/L 2,4-D + 0.05 mg/L BAP with 50 mg/L ascorbic acid. These calli were then transferred to basic MS medium with 1.0 mg/L2,4,5-T and varied BAP concentrations. Four and 8 weeks old calli were used to find out the right concentration of BAP and age for upscaling of free flavonoids. The samples were extracted and HPTLC analyzed for free flavonoids at 260 nm along with the leaf explants. The study revealed that the amount and number of free flavonoids in 4 weeks old calli increased as the amount of cytokinin (0.5 to 1.0 mg/L BAP) increased but decline with further addition of BAP (2.0 mg/L BAP). In aged calli number and amount of free flavonoids exhibit a tremendous increase when compared to the calli in the same medium at 4 weeks. This is inferred that accruing age of callus, reduced quantities of plantgrowth regulators (optimized for callus growth) accumulate free flavonoids. The best medium for free flavonoid production is MS+ 1.0 mg/L 2,4,5-T with 1.0 mg/L BAP may be recommended for producing a high amount of free flavonoids in C. fistula in vitro.The results were justified with the results of quantification.
RESUMEN
Objective:To conduct quality evaluation of Ginkgo Folium preparations by analyzing the national evaluation sampling test results， analyze the quality differences， and put forward suggestions for the improvement of quality standards and market supervision. Method:The contents of total flavonol glycosides and terpene lactones in Ginkgo Folium tablets and Ginkgo Folium capsules were determined according to the methods of determination in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （the first volume）， and the contents of free flavonoids （quercetin， kaempferide and isorhamnetin） and sophoricoside in Ginkgo Folium preparations were determined according to related supplementary testing method of Ginkgo Folium tablets and Ginkgo Folium capsules issued by National Medical Products Administration. The quality differences of Ginkgo Folium preparations from different batches and different manufacturers were compared according to the contents of total flavonol glycosides， terpene lactones， free flavonoids and sophoricoside in 328 batches of Ginkgo Folium tablets and Ginkgo Folium capsules manufactured by 48 enterprises. Result:Quality of 328 batches of Ginkgo Folium tablets and Ginkgo Folium capsules was in accordance with the standard， but the contents of terpene lactones and total flavonol glycosides were all distributed in a wide range， and the quality of samples varied greatly among different enterprises. Conclusion:It is recommended that each enterprise should optimize the production process and strictly control the raw materials to ensure the consistency between different batches of samples.