Content and psychological measurement index of ICF-CY-based motor function evaluation scale for children and adolescents with disabilities: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the content and psychological measurement indicators of the commonly used motor function assessment tools for children and adolescents, based on the theory and method of International Classification of Function, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). MethodsBased on the ICF-CY classification framework and coding system, four commonly used functional evaluation tools for children and adolescents were selected, and their motor function measurement methods and psychological measurement indicators were analyzed by applying ICF coding rules and matching principles. ResultsFinally, nine English articles and two Chinese articles were included, from four countries including South Korea, Spain, China and Brazil. They were mainly published in the journals of clinical medicine, neuroscience, public health, rehabilitation science and other fields from 2011 to 2021. The age of the subjects was 0 to 16 years old involving 987 subjects; the health condition included spastic cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorder, etc. Among the eleven articles included, six articles used Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), two articles used Fine Motor Function Measure Scale (FMFM), two articles used Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Second Edition (PDMS-2), and two articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Functional Skills Scale (PEDI-FSS), and three articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The measurement methods were objective evaluation, subjective evaluation, and subjective observation, etc. The number of measurements was two to six. The measurement indicators of motor function mainly involved two levels. The first was the physical activity level, including gross movement, fine movement and motor control ability. The second was the functional level of activities, mainly including activities of daily living and functional independence. ConclusionBased on ICF-CY, the evaluation of children's motor function and activity and participation was mainly divided into two levels. At the body function level, the main evaluation indicators included b730, b760, b770, etc. At the level of activities and participation, the main evaluation indicators were d410, d440, d445, etc. GMFM-88 focuses on the evaluation of children's body movement and activity functions, such as sitting, standing, lying, walking and running, mainly involving b760, d410, d455, etc. FMFM focused on autonomous movement, motor motivation and motor coordination, and was mainly used to assess the functional status of upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy aged 0 to 3 years, mainly involving b760, d155, d440, etc. PDMS-2 payed more attention to evaluating the overall motor development level and motor function status of children and adolescents, mainly involving b750, b760, d415, etc. PEDI-FSS move partition focused on children's actual motor function performance in activities of daily living, and evaluated the application and practicability of children's motor function in activities of daily living, mainly involving b760, d410, d450, etc. In terms of measurement methods, the measurement of motor function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective evaluation; the measurement of activity function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective observation. These assessment tools have established norms varies with different age groups according to the movement development. Evaluators need accept professional training before using the above assessment tools to improve the reliability, validity and adaptability of the assessment.

Evaluation and reconstruction of visual function based on virtual reality technology / 中华实验眼科杂志

Virtual reality (VR) is a computer simulation system that can create and let users experience three-dimensional virtual scenes, and can provide users with multi-sensory information.In recent years, with the rapid development of 5G, artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing, the application of VR technology in the field of ophthalmology has ushered in new opportunities and challenges.In terms of visual function assessment such as visual acuity, accommodative function, stereoscopic vision, VR combined with infrared eye tracking, binocular dichoptic vision and human-computer interaction can fully control the content presented to user, and provide the possibility to achieve personalized and automated diagnosis, which can effectively reduce labor costs.In the diagnosis and treatment of strabismus and amblyopia, VR combined with the above technologies and environmental immersion, three-dimensional imaging can provide users with rich images, reducing the difficulty of eye position measurement in strabismus and inhibition quantification in amblyopia.VR improves the fun and compliance of strabismus training, amblyopia training and stereoscopic training by imitating training paradigms such as convergence insufficiency training and visual perception training.The combination of augmented reality technology and computer-generated visual enhancement, holographic imaging, three-dimensional audio prompts and adaptive optics can effectively compensate for the visual defects of people with low vision and improve their quality of life.In the field of myopia prevention and control, the pros and cons of VR are still controversial, but it still has potential application value.In this article, the application status of virtual (augmented) reality technology in the assessment and reconstruction of visual function were reviewed, and the challenges it may face were analyzed, with a view to promoting the combination of medicine and engineering in ophthalmology diagnosis and treatment.

Preliminary effectiveness of carpal arthroscopic adjuvant treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the early-term effectiveness of carpal arthroscopy in the treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius. Methods: The clinical data of 50 cases of intra-articular fractures of distal radius between January 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different methods of intraoperative assisted treatment, the patients were divided into the trial group (11 cases with carpal arthroscopy assisted treatment) and the control group (39 cases with traditional open reduction). There was no significant difference between the two groups in general data such as gender, age, affected side, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, and preoperative displacement ( P>0.05), which were comparable. Six patients in the trial group had triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury and received one-stage repair. Postoperative X-ray films were taken to estimate the fracture reduction. Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) wrist function score and modified Mayo score were used at 3 months after operation to evaluate the function of the wrist. The range of wrist flexion, extension, pronation, and supination motion of the two groups were recorded and compared at 3 months after operation. Patients in the trial group were further divided into the reduction group after arthroscopic exploration (group A, 6 cases) and the simple cleaning group after arthroscopic exploration (group B, 5 cases), and their wrist motions were compared. Results: The operation time of the trial group was greater than that of the control group ( t=11.08, P=0.00). There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and fracture reduction between the two group ( P>0.05). X-ray film at 1 day after operation showed that the degree of fracture displacement was significantly decreased when compared with preoperative one in each group ( P0.05). Conclusion: Carpal arthroscope assisted treatment of intra-articular fractures of distal radius can achieve good reduction and postoperative function. Meanwhile, TFCC, ligament, articular cartilage, and other injuries can be repaired in one stage.

Clinical Efficacy Evaluation of Abdominal Acupuncture plus Cervical Curvature Traction for Cervical Spondylosis of Vertebral Artery Type / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of abdominal acupuncture plus cervical curvature traction in treating cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type. Method Eighty patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type were divided by the random number table into two groups, with 40 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened by abdominal acupuncture plus cervical curvature traction, and the control group was given oral administration of flunarizine. The two groups were compared before and after treatment in terms of clinical symptom score, cervical vertigo symptom and function assessment scale, and hemodynamics, etc. Result Both groups attained significant efficacy, and the total effective rate was 92.5％ in the treatment group, markedly higher than 77.5％ in the control group (P<0.05); the score of cervical spondylosis symptom scale in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); after treatment, the evaluations of vertigo, neck-shoulder pain, headache, daily living and work, mental and social adaptation were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.01). Conclusion Abdominal acupuncture plus cervical curvature traction can obviously improve symptoms such as vertigo, neck-shoulder pain, headache, daily living and work, and mental and social adaptation, and boost the blood flow velocity of vertebrobasilar artery in patients with cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type. The achievement of therapeutic efficacy is associated with the improvement of vertebrobasilar blood supply.

Advance of Motor Function Measurements Applied in Neuromuscular Diseases (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Neuromuscular disease (NMD) is a group of hereditary or acquired myopathy typically manifested as motor dysfunction. There is still no consensus in the standardized tools for evaluation of motor function. Among the tools widely used, Motor Function Measure can be used in all kinds of NMD, while North Star Ambulatory Assessment and Performance of the Upper Limb can be for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders and Upper Limb Module for spinal muscular atrophy.

Design and Trial Operation of Tele-rehabilitation Gradient Motor Function Self-evaluating System for Stroke Patients / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to overcome the defects of the motor function evaluation systems contained in current tele-rehabilitation devices, such as inconvenient, incomplete of measurement position, nonstandard and lacking of humanized design, we designed and developed a tele-rehabilitation gradient motor function self-evaluating system in this paper. Based on Brunnstrom stage, this system which was competitive comparing to manual evaluations, common tele-rehabilitation assessments and similar nonmedical products, realized the quantitative motor assessment for both limbs of stroke patients using the self-developed algorithms. The clinical trials proved that the system was feasible and accurate.

Clinical significance of NT-proBNP in evaluation of cardiac function in patients with severe burn / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)in the evaluation of cardiac function in patients with severe burns. Methods A total of 78 patients with severe burns in intensive care unit(ICU)in our hospital were selected. Patients were divided into a heart failure group(n = 31)and a non-heart failure group(n = 47)according to the heart failure complication condition. The changes of NT-proBNP level in different time ,heart function index ,relevant index and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The levels of NT-proBNP ,troponin(CTnT),creatine kinase(CK),creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB),stroke volume index (SVI),cardiac index (CI) and central venous pressure (CVP),and the score of acute physiologic and chronic health conditions(APACHE II)in the heart failure group were shown to be significantly increased than those of the non-heart failure group (P < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure(MAP)in the heart failure group was significantly lower than the non-heart failure group(P < 0.05). Mortality rate in the heart failure group was shown to be significantly higher than the non-heart failure group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Heart failure is a common complication in patients with severe burns. The mortality rate in the population with heart failure is relatively high ,for which NT-proBNP can effectively assess the conditions and prognosis.

Surgery Effects in a Cohort of 42 Patients Received Facial SchwannomaResection and Facial Nerve Reconstruction Simultaneously / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of facial nerve reconstruction surgery by reviewing the clinical information and follow-up results of 42 cases.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients who were diagnosed as facial schwannoma and received tumor resection and facial nerve reconstruction simultaneously from January 2004 to December 2015 in our department were studied.The surgeries included anastomosis between the two faical nerves(3 cases), facial nerve transplantation(4 cases), Hypoglossal/masseteric-facial nerve anastomosis(27 cases) and cross-facial nerve graft(8 cases).We evaluated the facial nerve function using H-B grade and Fisch score post-operation (1 week, 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery).Results The Fisch scores were significantly different between 1 week and 3 months, 3 months and 6 months post-operation for patients received cross-facial nerve graft.The facial nerve function became better as time went by.While there were no difference between 6 months and 1 year post-operation.On the other hand, the scores were significantly different between 6 months and 1 year post-operation for patients received hypoglossal/masseteric facial nerve anastomosis.Conclusion Most patients received tumor section and facial nerve reconstruction simultaneously could gain good results, it took a long time for the facial nerve function to return to a stable state and some of them were still in recovering 1 year after surgery.

Clinical analysis on donor liver protection and function evaluation for organ donation after citizen's death / 器官移植

Objective To summarize the preliminary experience of donor liver protection and function evaluation for organ donation after citizen's death. Methods Clinical data of 35 donors from organ donation after citizen's death and 33 recipients were retrospectively analyzed. Donor liver procurement and clinical prognosis of the recipients were summarized. According to serum level of sodium ion (serum sodium) before organ procurement, all recipients were divided into the serum sodium <155 mmol/L, 155-160 mmol/L and 161-180 mmol/L groups. The incidence of liver graft dysfunction early after liver transplantation was statistically compared among three groups. Results In 35 donors,27 cases were Chinese type Ⅱ and 8 cases were Chinese type Ⅲ. Thirty-three donor livers were used for liver transplantation, and the remaining 2 cases of donor livers were excluded due to congestive cirrhosis. In 33 liver transplantation recipients, 30 cases were successfully recovered. The liver function was gradually restored at postoperative 7-14 d, and normal liver function was obtained during long-term follow-up. Postoperatively, 3 recipients died including 2 cases dying from portal vein thrombosis and 1 case from pulmonary infection complicated with multiple organ failure. The incidence of early liver graft dysfunction of the recipients after liver transplantation was 18%, 23% and 4/5 in the serum sodium <155 mmol/L, 155-160 mmol/L and 161-180 mmol/L groups, respectively. Statistical significance was observed between the 161-180 mmol/L and <155 mmol/L groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Timely protection of donor liver, accurate evaluation and maintenance of liver function play a pivotal role in enhancing the utilization rate of donor liver, maintaining liver function and yielding good efficacy for transplantation.

Clinical research on neuroendocrine dysfunction and grading of neuroendocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To compare the effect of occupy effects of tumor in situ before surgery(OETS) and after neurosurgery (ANS) on neuroendocrine dysfunction and grading of neuroendocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma. Methods The grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma were drew up according to references and the endocrine feedback principle. Based on these grading evaluation criteria, the clinical date of 227 cases of children with craniopharyngioma who underwent neurosurgical treatment were retrospectively studied. These children were divided into pre-pubertal group (167 cases) and pubertal group (60 cases). The neuroendocrine impairment status before and after the surgery were evaluated separately. Results Among 227 children with craniopharyngioma, after the surgery, the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid dysfunction increased from 16.74%(38/227) to 67.40%(153/227), the incidence of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland dysfunction increased from 14.54%(33/227) to 44.49%(101/227), and the the incidence of pituitary function impairment increased from 17.62%(40/227) to 21.15%(48/227). Meanwhile, the incidence of body temperature dysregulation, sleeping disorder, personality abnormality and cognitive abnormality all increased after the surgery. The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pre-pubertal group were increased after the surgery (Z=-5.20, P<0.01; Z=-4.94, P<0.01,). The scoring and grading on neuroendocrine dysfunction in pubertal group were increased after the surgery( Z=-4.10, P<0.01;Z=-4.25, P<0.01). Conclusions Both the mass effect of tumor in situ of craniopharyngioma and the neurosurgical treatment can be harmful to the neuroendocrine function. Even though the surgery can remove the mass effect of tumor in situ in the saddle area, it can increase the level of grading of neuroendocrine dysfunction. The status of neuroendocrine dysfunction can be evaluated by the grading evaluation criteria of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngioma, which then provides an effective evaluation tool for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of neuroendocrine function.

Progress of cardiopulmonary exercise testing / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a global assessment of the integrative exercise responses involving the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems by testing the gas exchange in airway. CPET is commonly used to evaluate the presence and severity of coronary ischemia, as well as exertional symptoms, heart rate and blood pressure responses and estimated aerobic capacity. CPET has become an important global clinical detection tool, while fewer related researches are carried out in China. The parameters, methods, exercise protocol, equipment, cardiopulmonary function evaluation and clinical application of CPET are introduced in this review.

The evaluation of cardiac function in coronary heart disease with stress myocardial perfusion imaging using 320-slice spiral CT / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of 320-slice spiral CT myocardial perfusion technique in the evaluation of cardiac function in patients with coronary artery disease.Methods 24 patients with known reversible myocardial ischemia with coro-nary heart disease and 13 cases of normal were detected by 320-slice spiral CT myocardial perfusion scan in resting and after dobu-tamine-induced stress,measured the values of cardiac function indexes(ESV、EDV、SV、EF)in resting and after dobutamine-induced stress respectively,the results were analyzed by paired t test and independent sample t test,when the P value is less than 0.05,con-sidered statistically significant or correlation.Results The values of cardiac function indexes (ESV,EDV,SV)between the resting and after dobutamine-induced stress were significantly different except EF value in normal group.But only the EF value was signifi-cantly different in CHD,the rest values of cardiac function indexes(ESV,EDV,SV)no significant difference.Each corresponding value of cardiac function indexes in resting and after dobutamine-induced stress was significantly different between the CHD and the normal.Conclusion The dobutamine-induced stress myocardial perfusion with 320-slice spiral CT can judge the impaired degree of cardiac function in patients with myocardial ischemia,provide the basis for comprehensive evaluation of coronary artery disease and its prognosis.

Isokinetic Muscle Test of Normal People’s Knees in Different Postures / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the influence of different positions in the isokinetic muscle test of knees by CON-TREX Biomechanical Test and Training System, so as to select the suitable conditions for forensic identification of muscle strength test. Methods Fifty-two healthy volunteers joined the isokinetic muscle strength test in unfixed and fixed position, respectively and in two kinds of angular speed (60°/s and 30°/s). The differences of peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA) between bilateral knee flexor and extensor were statistically analyzed. Results In the unfixed position, under the two speed, there was statistically significant difference in PT between bilateral knee flexor and extensor (P0.05). In any kind of conditions, the PTA of bilateral knee flexor and extensor did not have statistically signifi-cant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion The position of the subject influences the results of PT. So the po-sition of subject in knees isokinetic muscle test should be regulated.

Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) no contexto do envelhecimento normal e patológico / Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) on the context of normal and pathological aging

Vários autores advogam a necessidade de avaliar o funcionamento executivo como um determinante robusto do estado funcional do indivíduo e como potencial marcador de demência. Contudo, existem poucos instrumentos que permitem avaliar diferentes componentes do funcionamento executivo no contexto do envelhecimento normal e patológico. O presente trabalho teve como objectivo determinar as propriedades psicométricas da Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS), tais como aceitabilidade, validade de constructo (validade discriminativa) e, paralelamente, validade de critério em contexto de envelhecimento numa amostra portuguesa. Esta compreendeu 33 sujeitos com mais de 65 anos de idade divididos em dois grupos: Gupo Controlo (n=22), composto por sujeitos cognitivamente incólumes; Grupo Demência (n=11), constituído por sujeitos com o diagnóstico provável de doença de Alzheimer (critérios NINCDS-ARDA). A ambos grupos foram aplicadas a BADS, a Dementia Rating Scale-2 e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. A BADS evidenciou bons níveis de aceitação, consistência interna e de validade discriminativa e de critério. Os resultados favorecem o uso deste instrumento no contexto do envelhecimento e demência, que pode ser útil na monitorização do funcionamento executivo e na deteção de demência.

Several authors advocate the need to assess executive functioning (EF) as a robust determinant of the functional status of the subject and as a potential marker of dementia. However there are few available instruments that allow the assessment of different components of the EF in the context of aging, both normal and pathological. This study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) such as acceptability, construct validity (discriminant validity), and criterion validity on the context of aging in a Portuguese sample. This comprised 33 subjects with more than 65 years divided in two groups: Control Group (n=22), made of cognitively intact subjects; Dementia Group (n=11), composed of patients with probable diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ARDA criteria). We have applied the BADS, the Dementia Rating Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale to both groups. The BADS revealed good levels of acceptance, internal consistency, discriminative and criterion validity. The results favor the use of this instrument in the context of aging and dementia, which may be very useful in monitoring EF and in the detection of dementia.

A Case of Post-Traumatic Olfactory Disorder Presenting Negative Results of Schneider Test due to Trigeminal Nerve Injury / 대한이비인후과학회지

There has been a considerable increase in the number of patients with olfactory disorder due to head and facial injuries. Conventional olfactory function evaluation methods, such as T&T olfactometer, the Schneider test and the Alinamin test have been widely used in clinical practice. Among these, the Schneider test can determine whether the patient is a malingerer. A woman who sustained head and facial injuries visited our department with the chief complaint of anosmia. The patient underwent conventional olfactory function tests, including T&T olfactometer and the Schneider test. T&T olfactometer revealed olfactory loss, but the Schneider test did not. Thus, she was diagnosed with malingering. However, her diagnosis of olfactory disorder and concurrent trigeminal nerve injury was made definite during the follow-up period. We herein report a 30-year-old female patient with olfactory disorder who was misdiagnosed with olfactory malingering based on the negative result of the Schneider test. A brief review of the literature has been included.

Scientific assessment on the outcome of clinical application with peripheral nerve graft materials / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To discuss how to assess scientifically on the outcome of clinical application with peripheral nerve graft materials. Methods All Pubmed database from 1990 to 2010 were retrieved,and searched the English literatures about the application with peripheral nerve graft materials. The literatures consisted of original clinical research and review excluding animal experiments, repetitive research and irrelevant literatures. The clinical trials data of U.S. was also our target. The information about the safety and effectiveness of peripheral nerve graft materials and related statistical problems were discussed. Results Totally 1578 literatures were identified. Following reading titles and abstracts, we excluded some irrelevant articles. Finally 31 literatures and 2 issue of clinical research from clinical trial data of U.S. were included. After analysis on the literatures, we gained the following results: a remarkable degree of homogeneity among patients can be formed by setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. For the assessment of proper digital nerve repair, Macknnon- Dellon evaluation is commonly applied, but for the composite nerve, BMRC evaluation is the main method and electromyography can be used as a secondary choice. The safety of peripheral nerve graft materials cannot be evaluated throughout one's life according to the current level of science and technology. It should be evaluated by long-term clinical observation. Randomized clinical trials with random grouping was a gold standard for clinical trials with a good balance and strong comparability. However, non-randomized controlled trials also have an important value. Conclusion It is impossible to make all affected factors homogeneity in a limited timespace conditions of clinical trial. However, we can try our best to keep factors homogeneity to maximum degree by setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The scientific assessment of outcome of peripheral nerve repair can be carried out with reasonable and internationally recognized nerve function evaluation methods, strict follow-up time and statistics programme meeting the clinical requirement.

听障儿童语言功能评估的应用研究 / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To study the characteristics of language function development and establish the reference standards in children of4~6 years old. Methods 616 hearing normal children at the age of 3~7 from 13 provinces in China were assessed with Language FunctionEvaluation for Hearing-impaired Children. 583 usable data were analyzed via SPSS 17.0. Results The older the children were, the highertheir scores of language function evaluation were (P<0.001). The differences between boys and girls on coordination function and relaxationfunction were significant (P<0.01). The girls were better than the boys. The reference standards of children of 4~6 years old were set downbased on the regression analysis. Conclusion There are some laws on children's language function development. The reference standards ofchildren by 4~6 years old has been developed.

Starting Time of Rehabilitation on Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate methods of early postoperative rehabilitation and its effects on patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture treated by modified dual plating.Methods66 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture from Tianjin Hospital were divided into 2 groups according to the starting time for postoperative rehabilitation: early rehabilitation group (n=30), convalescents rehabilitation group (n=36). The two groups had the same treatment since the fourth week postoperative. Tibial plateau angle (TPA) and posterior slope angle (PA) of tibial plateau were measured to evaluate the stability of proximal tibial and knee alignment. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system and knee joint range of motion (ROM) were used as the parameters for knee function.ResultsThe mean value of TPA and PA had no significant changes, compared to the final follow-up and postoperative X-ray films(P>0.05); the differences between the two groups were statistically significant in the mean HSS score and mean value of knee flexion and extention ROM(P<0.01 or 0.05). There was significantly positive correlation between starting time and the total number of treatment was significant(P<0.01), while negative correlation with flexion ROM of knee joint and the HSS score(P<0.01).ConclusionThe correlation between rehabilitation intervention timing and functional recovery for patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture treated by modified dual plating is significant, early individual and systematic rehabilitation therapy can effectively improve the prognosis features of patients.

Series paralelas al Rorschach: validación en nuestro medio de la serie de Parisi-Pes y del Test de Zulliger / Rorschach parallel series: local validation of the Parisi-Pes series and the Z Test

El presente artículo surge de la necesidad de validar, en nuestro medio, series paralelas al Test de Rorschach con el fin de poder reemplazarlo en aquellos casos en que se lo requiera. El incremento de la difusión de esta técnica, fuera del ámbito de la comunidad psicológica, puede derivar en un efecto de aprendizaje que dificulte el uso de la herramienta psicodiagnóstica. En esta publicación se realiza un recorrido a través de las diferentes series propuestas como paralelas al Test de Rorschach y se exponen los resultados de dos investigaciones: una de las cuales corresponde a la serie de Parisi-Pes, creada por la Escuela Romana de Rorschach, poco difundida en nuestro medio pero validada en uno con características socioculturales similares al nuestro (Proyecto UBACyT P039); y la otra, el Test de Zulliger, que se aplica con frecuencia en el ámbito laboral, en ambas versiones, individual y colectiva (Proyecto UBACyT P005).

This article stems from the need to validate Rorschach parallel series at our social environment, in order to replace it when required. The increase in the dissemination of this technique, outside the psychological community, can lead to a learning effect which may prevent this psychodiagnostic tool from being used. This publication is a journey through the different Rorschach parallel series, and the results from two previous researches are being exposed: the first one of those, belongs to the Parisi-Pes series, created by the Roman Rorschach School, not much locally known but it had been validated in a similar social environment (Project UBACyT P039); the other one, the Z Test, is often used at Labor Psychology in both versions, individual and group administrations (Project UBACyT P005).

Evaluation of a pediatric emergency observation unit:an analysis of 5471 observation pediatric patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To evaluatethefunctions of an emergency pediatric observation unit(OU).Method The OU located in the Second Affdiated Hospital ＆Yuying Children'Hospital of Wenzhou Medical CoHege.a pediatric tertiary care teaching hospital.The records of all patients admitted to OU and the discharge diagnoses of all patients ofinpatient unit(IU)from January to December 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.[)d(Is ratios(OR) witll 95%C1 was used to show the advantages ofOU in SOme pedian4c diSOrders.Results There were45 beds in the OU,and 348 beds in tlle IU.111e number ofthe patients in OU per year WaS 42.5%compared to IU f5471 Vs.12 881).The average number of patients in OU per bed in one year WaS 122.which was 3 times as much as the average number of patients in IU admission per bed(122 vs.37).Totally 3879(70.9%)patients in OU were discharged and 1592(29.1%)were transferred.For the olmervation patie.ts,the IIIeaIl age Was 7 years old.with 65.6%under or equal to 2 years old.The 111ean le,ch of stay(IDS)in OU was95.7 hours.Respiratory disorders(2204/5471,40.3%)and gastrointestinal problems(960/5471,17.5%)were the most common disease in OU.Of the total admission(IU and ou),diagnoses with high OU utilization were croup(73/75,97.3%),poiflonin(277/,97.2%),flsthma(128/133,96.2%),fleiZl.1lwith high fever(274/365,75.1%),enteritis/dehydration(618/726,85.1%),seizure with 110 fever(274/365,75.1%)and acute respiratory infection(486/624.77.9%).The likelihood of an OU admifor these illness vells IU addlission(adjusted for subsequent need for IU admission)was poisonings OR 43.21(26.1,71.6),P<0.001;croup 15.7(8.3,29.7),P<0.001:asthma 0R 10.5(7.0,15.8),P<0.001;seizure with high fever OR 8.5(6.5,11.1),P<0.001;seizure with no fever2.6(2.2,3.1),P<0.001;acute respiratory infection 0R 1.0(0.9,1.1),P=O.591;enteritis/dehydration 1.0(0.9 1.1),P=0.919.Conclusions The emergency OU,characterized by large ac.commodation,fast circulation and high utilization rate of bed,plays an important role in observation,treatment and hospital admission of children,esoeeially infants and young children for common pediatric diseases.The emergency observation unit is also an alternative disposition for certain pediatric diseases.The extending construefion of OU in a childrenS hospital with big population of out-/in-patients is an effective way to the hospital resources.