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Aim To study the effect of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid receptor(GHBR ) on neuronal apoptosis suffering from focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 240～280 g were randomly divided into seven groups: sham operation group(sham), ischemia-reperfusion group(Isc/R) ,NCS-356 160、320、640 ?g?kg-1 group(N1、N2、N3),NCS-382 640+NCS-356 640 ?g?kg-1 group(NCS-382+N3),and nimodipine 600 ?g?kg-1 group(Nim).The middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model invented by Zea Longa with modifications was adopted. The experiment was divided into two parts after ischemia reperfusion for 24h:In the first part,we measured the cerebral expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 by immuneohistochemical method. In the second part,we measured neuronal apoptotic rate by flow cytometry in the ischemic cortex region. Results The expression rate of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax ratio of N1,N2,N3 and Nim groups were all higher than that of Isc/R group(P
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PURPOSE: This study was performed to analyse urine gamma-hydroxybutyric acid(GHB) in children with seizures, and to investigate the pattern of seizures and neurologic abnormalities in children related with gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively medical records of children who admitted to our hospital with seizures between August 1. 2001 and February 28. 2003. We compared urine GHB levels with controls, and also analyzed the clinical features of patients who showed increased urine GHB. RESULTS: The mean urine GHB was 1.7+/-1.6 mmol/mol cr in febrile seizures, 1.8+/-2.5 mmol/mol cr in non-febrile seizures, and 1.8+/-2.0 mmol/mol cr in controls. Compared with control group, there was no significant difference in urine GHB levels(P>0.05). In 8 of 64 children with seizures, GHB levels increased above 2 standard deviation of normal controls. The types of seizure in children who showed increased urine GHB were generalized tonic clonic seizure in 3 patients, complex partial seizure in 2 patients, febrile seizure in 2 patients, and benign Rolandic epilepsy in 1 patient. 3 patients showed neurologic abnormalities, 4 patients showed electroencephalographic abnormalities, and 2 patients of 6 patients who performed brain imaging study showed brain imaging abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Children with gamma-hydroxybutyric aciduria should be suspected succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency as a cause of underlying disease.