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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of Gegen Qinliantang（GQT） on the fecal short-chain fatty acids（SCFAs） metabolism in antibiotic-associated diarrhea（AAD） through targeted metabolomics. MethodA total of 240 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups（n=40， half male and half female）， including blank group， model group， bifidobiogen group（0.15 g·kg-1）， and GQT high-， medium-， and low-dose groups（10.08， 5.04， 2.52 g·kg-1）， except for the blank group， clindamycin（250 mg·kg-1） was given to all groups by gavage for modeling every day for 7 d. After successful modeling， each administered group was gavaged with the corresponding dose of the drug， and the blank and model groups were gavaged with an equal volume of normal saline solution， 1 time/d， for 14 d. At 0， 3， 7， 14 d after the drug intervention， eight rats were randomly selected from each group， respectively. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（GC-TOF-MS） was used to perform targeted metabolomic analysis of SCFAs in the feces of rats， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） was applied to compare the differences in metabolic profiles between groups at different treatment times， and to compare the changes in the contents of SCFAs in rat feces between groups. ResultPLS-DA results showed that the blank group could be clearly distinguishable from the model group， with GQT exhibiting a closer proximity to the blank group after 7 d of treatment. After further analyzing the composition of SCFAs， it was found that the proportion of acetic acid increased and the proportions of butyric acid， valeric acid， hexanoic acid and isovaleric acid decreased in the model group compared with the blank group. After the treatment with GQT， the proportions of butyric acid， isobutyric acid， valeric acid， and isovaleric acid increased， and the proportions of acetic acid， propionic acid and caproic acid decreased. Subsequent differential analysis revealed that GQT could significantly improve the content of butyric acid， and had a certain retrogressive effect on the contents of valeric acid and hexanoic acid. ConclusionThe medium dose group of GQT can improve the contents of SCFAs in AAD feces after 7 days of treatment， which may be related to the improvement of the composition ratio of SCFAs and the contents of butyric acid， valeric acid and caproic acid.
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Objective · To study the metabolite profiles on patients of ischemic stroke using metabonomics approach. Methods · The serum samples from the 29 patients with ischemic stroke and 31 healthy controls were analyzed by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) coupled multi-dimensional statistical methods to find differential metabolites in two groups. Results · Orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) model was generated based on identified metabolites and shown clear discrimination from patients and healthy controls. Some serum metabolite levels were significantly altered in patients. Six up-regulated metabolites included γ- aminobutyric acid, glutaric acid, glyceric acid, gluconic acid, lactobionic acid, and cholesterol, and nineteen down-regulated metabolites included citric acid, aconitic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, β-alanine, and glycerol-3-phosphate. Conclusion · Amino acid metabolism, glycometabolism and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are disturbed in patient of ischemic stroke. The metabonomic approach has great potential to understand the underlying mechanisms of stroke in ischemic patients.
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AIM:To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.METHODS:A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences.The native Tibetan CMS patients (n =10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n =10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study.The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS:The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed.A list of differential metabolites and several top altered rnetabolic pathways have been identified.The levels of fumaric acid,an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle,and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients,suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area.Other differential metabolites,such as methyl phosphate,2-ketoadipate,lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified.Importantly,the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values,indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS.Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine,glycine,serine,L-cysteine,citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group,yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid,oxamic acid,lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group.At the same time,the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients.High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.
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AIM:To evaluate specific metabolomics profiles in the serum of patients with chronic mountain sickness (CMS) and to explore the potential metabolic biomarkers in the native Tibetans living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.METHODS:A gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) approach as a metabolomics technique was used to evaluate metabolic differences.The native Tibetan CMS patients (n =10) and healthy Tibetan controls (n =10) were enrolled from YuShu in Qinghai province in this study.The serum samples were collected and analyzed by GC-TOF-MS coupled with a series of multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis (PCA),partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).RESULTS:The intergroup differences between CMS patients and control subjects have been observed.A list of differential metabolites and several top altered rnetabolic pathways have been identified.The levels of fumaric acid,an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle,and inosine were highly upregulated in the CMS patients,suggesting a greater effort to hypoxic adaptation in high elevation area.Other differential metabolites,such as methyl phosphate,2-ketoadipate,lyxose and phytanic acid were also identified.Importantly,the differential metabolites possessed higher area under the ROC curve (AUC) values,indicating an excellent clinical ability for the prediction of CMS.Increased levels of amino acids (isoleucine,glycine,serine,L-cysteine,citrulline and trimethyllysine) were detected in CMS group,yet significantly decreased levels of sulfuric acid,oxamic acid,lyxose and glutamine were also detected in CMS group than those in control group.At the same time,the levels of ribose and glucose-1-phosphate were markedly elevated in CMS group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:The metabolic activities are significantly altered in the serum of CMS patients.High altitude hypoxia may act on the disturbed glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in part of the Tibetan triggered by CMS.
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To observe the effect of total saponins of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma (TSCR) on serum metabolic profile changes in adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats, and explore its possible action mechanism for AA rats. The AA rat models were induced by Freund's complete adjuvant(FCA), and their histopathological changes were observed. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were employed to analyze the metabolic profile among normal group, AA model group and TSCR group. Potential biomarkers in the serum were screened based on the variable importance projection(VIP) value>1, P<0.05. As compared with the normal group, 17 potential biomarkers such as aspartic acid, inositol and phenylacetaldehyde were found and identified in the serum of model group rats. As compared with the model group, the above biomarkers were regulated nearly to a normal state after TSCR administration for 16 days. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the total saponins of Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma has a certain therapeutic effect for AA rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulation of lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism.
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A new method for the determination of organic acids from mainstream cigarette smoke using ultra low temperature solvent extraction-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry(GC×GC-TOF/MS)was established. The mainstream smoke was directly trapped by ethyl ether with ultra low temperature solvent extraction device, and cleaned up with liquid-liquid extraction. The concentrated extracts were further derived by N,O-bis(trimethylsily)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The good separation of silanized product was achieved by the column set of DB-1 (30 m × 0. 25 mm, 1. 0 μm) as the 1st column and DB-wax (1. 5 m × 0. 1 mm, 0. 1 μm) as the 2nd column with modulation period of 6 s and scan range of m/z 45-450 . The results showed that linearity correlation coefficients were larger than 0 . 99 , and the average recoveries were between 80. 17% and 107. 81% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) in the range of 0 . 4%-12 . 1% ( n=5 ) . The detection limit and the quantitation limit were 1 . 3-24 . 5 μg/kg and 4. 1-77. 1 μg/kg, respectively.