A study on nutritional intakes in middle income adults based on data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status in middle-class adults compared with low income or high income adults according to gender difference. METHODS: Data from the 2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used. A total of 7,082 adults aged from 30 to 64 were included and classified according to household income level into three groups. Dietary data was collected using 24-hr recall methods. RESULTS: Most nutrients including energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals such as iron and calcium differed according to income levels. Iron intake of middle-class men was higher than that of the lowest income group, whereas that of middle-class women was similar to that of the lowest income group. In addition, no significant difference in carbohydrate, protein, fat, thiamin, and niacin intakes per 1,000 kcal and iron intake was found between the middle and high income group only in male subjects. In summary, our results showed that the relationship between nutritional status and income level as a socioeconomic parameter could vary according to gender difference. CONCLUSION: According to our results, it could be suggested that not only the lowest income people but also middle class women should be concerned in development of nutritional policies. Gender difference should be considered. It is a very meaningful implication for application to policy for obesity prevention or intervention.

Characteristics of traditional risk factors and coronary lesions on coronary heart disease among different sex populations / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of conventional risk factors and to analyze the features of coronary lesions in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods 3765 CHD cases were collected from the General Hospital of PLA in Beijing from 2009 to 2010 (2661 men,1104 women).All the CHD patients enrolled in our study were diagnosed through angiography.Clinical and angiographic data of CHD patients were collected.After stratification on age and sex of the patients,logistic analysis method was used to evaluate the prevalence rates on conventional risk factors and to analyze the features of coronary lesions on CHD.Results ( 1 ) More than two risk factors and advancing age of onset were commonly seen in female CHD patients.In those premature female CHD patients (age ＜45 years),there was a high proportion the habit of smoking.With the increase of age,proportions of patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia also significantly increased.For male patients at different age,the proportions of smoking were high.(2) Data from logistic analysis suggested that diabetes mellitus could increase the prevalence of CHD on women (OR=2.05,95％CI:1.49-2.81,P＜0.001),and smoking was a risk factor for men (OR=9.27,95％CI:7.68-11.19,P＜0.001).(3) Along with the increase of age,female patients appeared to have more coronary vessel injures or severe coronary artery lesions.Different from the females,there was no change could seen on the characteristics of coronary lesions at different age for males.Conclusion Prevalence rates on risk factors and the characteristics of coronary lesions appeared to be different with age.Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia seemed to impact more on women while smoking seemed to impact more on men.